Researchers say they have found microplastics (微塑料) -tiny pieces of plastic that come as a result of the disposal of industrial waste-deep in the lungs of living     1     (human) for the first time.

The research, which     2     (publish) in the journal Science of the Total Environment last week, is the first study     3     (identify) the plastics in the lungs of living people. The plastics have     4     (previous) been found in human blood, waste and in the depths of the ocean.

In the study, researchers     5     (collect) lung tissue from surgical procedures on patients as part of their routine medical care. Researchers identified 12 types of microplastics,     6     are commonly found in bottles, packaging, and clothing, along with other manufacturing processes.

The study notes     7     “increasing concern” with the harm that could come with swallowing and breathing in microplastics.

The world produces about 300 million metric tons of plastic a year and about 80% ends     8     in landfills and other parts of the environment. Microplastics can range from 10 nano-meters-    9     (small) than the human eye can see-to 5 millimeters in diameter, about the size of the eraser on the end of a pencil. Researchers have found them     10     (float) in the air, in tap or bottled water, and in the sea or soil.

Plastic pollution at sea is reaching     1     (worry) levels. According to a review of hundreds of academic studies, it will continue to grow even if significant action is taken now     2     (stop) such waste from reaching the world’s oceans. The review by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2, 600 research     3     (paper) on the topic to provide an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.

As plastic breaks down into smaller pieces, it also enters the marine food chain,    4     (take) in by sea creatures from whales to turtles. What’s worse, some regions already contain dangerous levels of plastic, and others risk becoming     5     (increasing) polluted in the future. Getting that plastic out of the water again is nearly impossible,    6     policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in     7     first place. Matthew MacLeod, a professor of environmental science at Stockholm University,    8     (involve) in a separate study not long ago,    9     also concluded effective measures are required immediately because of the possible global impacts.

While consumers can help reduce plastic pollution by changing their behavior, governments have to step up and accept     10     (responsible) for solving the problem. It’s a global problem and it needs global solutions.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上。

Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of the planet. But new research shows it is also changing the sound of the Earth's oceans and seas. According to a study    1     ( publish) in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many sea animals.

For fish, sound is probably a    2     (good) way to sense their environment than light. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive.     3     depend on sounds for communication. Sounds also help some sea animals find food and avoid their hunters.     4     addition, many sea animals use sounds to find good places to mate. However, increased noise from humans    5     (be) making it harder for these sea animals to hear each other. The noise comes from shipping traffic, motorized fishing ships, underwater oil and gas exploration ,offshore     6     (construct) , and other noisy human activity.

For many sea species, their attempts to communicate are being masked by sounds     7     have been introduced by humans. Also, the general number of sea animals     8     (decrease) by about half since 1970.

Effects of noise on animals     9     (live) in the seas aren't well understood. However, some studies suggest that noise may bring about hearing loss. The stress from human noise might also affect the immune system-an animal's    10     (nature) defense system.