The babies of women living in high air pollution neighborhoods may have lower IQs. A study followed low-income pregnant women in the South Bronx and upper Manhattan. The women     1     (wear) monitors during the last months of pregnancy. They lived in areas     2     had high pollution from cars, buses and trucks.

Before     3     (start) school, the children took IQ tests. The children most exposed     4     air pollution scored lower than children with lower exposure did. The four or five points may affect schoolwork.

Experts say the     5     (different) do not mean that children will not learn to read and write. It shows that air pollution may harm children as much as lead (铅) does. The research may explain     6     these children do not do well in school.

    7     (early) research than this showed that air pollution could increase the risk of cancer, lower birth     8     (weigh) and asthma (哮喘). Researchers plan     9     (continue) monitoring and testing the children. They want to know if school performance     10     (affect) over a long time. Experts said this research was important. They said there should be more studies.

Researchers say they have found microplastics (微塑料) -tiny pieces of plastic that come as a result of the disposal of industrial waste-deep in the lungs of living     1     (human) for the first time.

The research, which     2     (publish) in the journal Science of the Total Environment last week, is the first study     3     (identify) the plastics in the lungs of living people. The plastics have     4     (previous) been found in human blood, waste and in the depths of the ocean.

In the study, researchers     5     (collect) lung tissue from surgical procedures on patients as part of their routine medical care. Researchers identified 12 types of microplastics,     6     are commonly found in bottles, packaging, and clothing, along with other manufacturing processes.

The study notes     7     “increasing concern” with the harm that could come with swallowing and breathing in microplastics.

The world produces about 300 million metric tons of plastic a year and about 80% ends     8     in landfills and other parts of the environment. Microplastics can range from 10 nano-meters-    9     (small) than the human eye can see-to 5 millimeters in diameter, about the size of the eraser on the end of a pencil. Researchers have found them     10     (float) in the air, in tap or bottled water, and in the sea or soil.

There are at least five hot spots of     1     (float) plastic in the global ocean.

These are gyres (海洋环流),       2     circulating currents trap debris (残渣). This one—the so-called Great Pacific Garbage Patch—is the     3     (large), with almost 80, 000 tonnes     4     (distribute) over 600, 000 square miles.

The scientists teamed up     5     a charity that collects old fishing gear and other litter from the ocean, and gathered hundreds of plastic items     6     (study) in the lab.

They     7     (find) plants and animals in 2021, including anemones, tiny marine bugs, and crabs on 90% of the debris they examined.

As well as     8     (create) a semi-permanent floating habitat for     9     (coast) species in the open ocean, the researchers say all this plastic could be providing invasive species with rafts (筏子) that allow them to cross     10     Pacific.

This, they say, is yet another unintended consequence of plastic pollution for the ocean.

The population of the earth is increasing very fast. Humans must make the earth support the increasing population. This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry     1     (develop) rapidly.

Such a rapid development produces more and more waste,     2     goes into water, soil or air. When there     3     (be) too much waste, it will do great harm to the environment and people.

When farmers add fertilizer (肥料)     4     the soil to make plants grow better, or use pesticide (杀虫剂) to kill pests, they will go into the soil or the surrounding air. Even     5     (bad), they may go into the grain (谷物). When     6     (bird), fish or people eat the grain, drink the water or breath the air, harm will be done to their health.

The air in some cities     7     (pollute) because of the pollution from the cars and factories. Millions of tons of poisonous gases are sent into the air with smoke. In some places, little is done to make the smoke clean     8     it goes into the air.

    9     (fortunate), people are beginning to realize just how serious the whole situation is. In many countries, laws have been made to prevent factories     10     (send) out poisonous gases. More and more people are taking action to protect the environment.

Plastic pollution at sea is reaching     1     (worry) levels. According to a review of hundreds of academic studies, it will continue to grow even if significant action is taken now     2     (stop) such waste from reaching the world’s oceans. The review by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute examined almost 2, 600 research     3     (paper) on the topic to provide an overview ahead of a United Nations meeting later this month.

As plastic breaks down into smaller pieces, it also enters the marine food chain,    4     (take) in by sea creatures from whales to turtles. What’s worse, some regions already contain dangerous levels of plastic, and others risk becoming     5     (increasing) polluted in the future. Getting that plastic out of the water again is nearly impossible,    6     policymakers should focus on preventing any more of it entering the oceans in     7     first place. Matthew MacLeod, a professor of environmental science at Stockholm University,    8     (involve) in a separate study not long ago,    9     also concluded effective measures are required immediately because of the possible global impacts.

While consumers can help reduce plastic pollution by changing their behavior, governments have to step up and accept     10     (responsible) for solving the problem. It’s a global problem and it needs global solutions.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式,并将答案填写在答题卡上。

Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of the planet. But new research shows it is also changing the sound of the Earth's oceans and seas. According to a study    1     ( publish) in the magazine Science, the changes in the sounds of our oceans, seas, and other waterways affect many sea animals.

For fish, sound is probably a    2     (good) way to sense their environment than light. Sounds help fish and other sea animals survive.     3     depend on sounds for communication. Sounds also help some sea animals find food and avoid their hunters.     4     addition, many sea animals use sounds to find good places to mate. However, increased noise from humans    5     (be) making it harder for these sea animals to hear each other. The noise comes from shipping traffic, motorized fishing ships, underwater oil and gas exploration ,offshore     6     (construct) , and other noisy human activity.

For many sea species, their attempts to communicate are being masked by sounds     7     have been introduced by humans. Also, the general number of sea animals     8     (decrease) by about half since 1970.

Effects of noise on animals     9     (live) in the seas aren't well understood. However, some studies suggest that noise may bring about hearing loss. The stress from human noise might also affect the immune system-an animal's    10     (nature) defense system.