Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life
Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.
The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular.
Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.
Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.
The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better.
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Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed(处理)．
There are different kinds of pollutants, each of which comes from different sources. It is necessary to identify the source of pollution, in order to make a policy to get rid of them. Different products, processes and activities of our industrialized world together form the major source of pollution.
The forms of pollution can be mainly divided into three kinds—solids，liquid and gas. These pollutants have greatly damaged our planet and continue to do so. In fact，pollution is threatening our existence. The whole ecological balance of the earth is changing. Massive destruction of environment has brought about negative effects and even posed a great threat to man’s existence.
We must face the situation that exists and take action to solve our environmental problems. For instance, new laws must be passed to place strict control over industrial pollution; the public must receive the education about the danger of pollution and raise their awareness of protecting the environment and so on.
The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to deal with these situations by the government. And laws have been passed to stop pollution, I hope the problems will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better.
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China has decided to stop the use of free plastic bags.Supermarkets，shops and outlets(经销店) in China can’t offer plastic bags any more.
Every year，people use too many plastic bags.They throw them here and there after they have used them.The government has done its best to deal with them but failed.While we offer quick service(服务) to customers，the plastic bags pollute water，earth and air，and they waste the oil.The government asks people to go back to carry cloth bags and use baskets when they go to buy something.The cloth bags and the baskets can be used again and again.Many months have passed.Since plastic bags were forbidden(禁止)，the environment has been improved a lot.
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请根据你对下面这幅图的理解，写一篇100字左右的英语短文。
请包括以下内容:
1.简要描述图画内容
2.联系实际说说自己的看法和建议
提示:smog 雾霾
As is vividly shown in the picture, a tiny man
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要求：
1. 请阐述温室效应所产生的原因；
2. 简述其后果，应尽可能涵盖图中所有信息（至少谈及两个方面）；
3. 我们该怎么办？
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Henderson Island is a tiny, unpopulated（无人居住的）island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean,3,000 miles from major city centers. Though it is half the size of Manhattan, more than 19 tons of plastic waste litter its white, sandy beaches.
Researchers estimate(估计) that it has the highest concentration of waste of any place in the world with a total of over 37 million pieces of trash in all on the small island. For every square meter you walk, on average you’ll find 672 pieces of trash.
Mismanaged waste from land goes into waterways, which feed into larger rivers, which in turn empty into ocean. In this way, plastic from far inland can travel many miles to the coastline, bringing an estimated 9 million tons of plastic every year.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of animals every year. Nearly 700 species have been reported to be affected by it. Species of all sizes, from zooplankton（浮游动物）to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than one-fifth of an inch across.
[写作内容]
1. 用约30个单词写出上文概要；
2. 用约120个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1) 造成“塑料垃圾污染海洋”的原因；
(2) 你对如何解决这一问题的建议（
[写作要求]
1. 不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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To pollute or not to pollute? That is the question. In order to survive, we all need to cause pollution. Factories that process the food we eat, clothes we wear, and cars we drive have to cause pollution. The environment has the ability to absorb our waste or the pollution, but its absorption ability has its limits. If the pollution level is higher than what the environment can cope with, then that's the time when pollution is bad. If the pollution level becomes too high, human health can be affected badly. Then, the productivity level of the sick people is low and the economy suffers. The economy suffers not only because of the lost productivity of the people, but also because the government must pay for the damage the pollution has done to its people. This is the reason why the government prefers taxation policy. Imposing (征收) a tax on firms that pollute the environment can be considered a good strategy, as long as the tax covers all the external costs or the cost of the damage the firm has created during production. Taxation, if enforced (执行)really well, can make firms create a technology that may reduce pollution, if they find out that it will be cheaper than continuously paying the tax. The disadvantage of this policy, however, lies in the possibility that some big firms will find the tax cheap and then they will just produce more and pollute the environment more. If other small firms find the tax expensive, thus closing down, their production will be eaten up by those firms which can afford the tax. Therefore, it is important that lawmakers in each country, when deciding to impose a tax on pollutant emissions, first review and analyze very carefully the real cost of the damage.（307words）
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1.描述图画的内容；
2.揭示图画所反映的主题；
3.针对图画的内容谈谈你的看法。
注意：词数100左右。
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With new life coming out in spring. everyone is expecting to enjoy beautiful flowers and fresh air. However, to our disappointment, the sky is always grey, the haze (雾霾) blankets everything…
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你的作文应包括以下内容：
1．简要描述两幅图的内容；
2．概述雾霾对生活造成的影响；
3．简述你的建议和措施。
注意：1.词数150左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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