2 . A decreasing birthrate depends to a large extent on the availability and use of birth control and on high living levels that make the production of additional children to provide necessary and inexpensive labor unnecessary. Family planning is a national policy in many industrial countries, such as Japan and most of European countries. As a result, in most cases the birthrate has decreased. Many developing countries have followed the lead of India (which has since 1952 conducted an extensive, but not totally successful,birth control program) in trying to promote family planning as a national policy. These countries include China, Kenya, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt, and Chile.
In the United States, facts of the population question, such as birth control and abortion,_are among the most bitterly debated subjects. The United States has disagreed strongly at times with the use of foreign aid appropriations (拨款) for family planning overseas and doing that is thought against human rights; family planning in the country is mainly run by private groups such as Planned Parenthood.
A number of nongovernmental organizations concerned with population growth have also appeared. Zero Population Growth, an educational group founded in 1970, aims to stop population growth, first in the United States and then in other countries. On the international level, besides the International Planned Parenthood Federation, the United Nations Economic and Social Council provides birth control aid to underdeveloped nations.
1. All the following countries try to take family planning as a national policy EXCEPT ________.
A.Kenya | B.Pakistan |
C.Chile | D.Russia |
2. In many industrial countries the birthrate decreases because ________.
A.they take measures in family planning |
B.they don't want to provide necessary and cheap labor |
C.they want to live a life of high living standards |
D.they don't want to bear more additional children |
3. What does the underlined word “abortion”
probably mean in the second paragraph?
A.Food supplies. |
B.An operation to end a pregnancy. |
C.Foreign aid. |
D.High growth of population birthrate. |
4. In the United States family planning is not made a national policy probably because ________.
A.Americans think there is no need to keep birth control |
B.the government would rather not copy ways of other countries |
C.Americans think that is against human rights |
D.the government is rich enough to keep more children |
5. Zero Population Growth was set up in order to ________.
A.prevent birthrate from growing |
B.provide birth control aid |
C.advise people to notice the population question |
D.call on the UN to give help to undeveloped countries |