1 . The expression, “Everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a social influence applied on an individual in order to get that person to act or believe in a(n) ______ way as a larger group. This influence can be negative or positive, and can exist in both large and small groups.

People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly ______ that some part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct explains why the approval of peers, and the fear of ______, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. This instinct drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer a simple “fine” when a stranger asks “How are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a(n) ______ aspect to this: It helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that ______ day-to-day interaction between people.

For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes a(n) ______: in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to ______ their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that _______criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel ______ to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to ______ the peers.

However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at contests may be ________ to work harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of ______ can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one.

Although peer pressure is sometimes quite obvious, it can also be so ______ that a person may not even notice that it is affecting his or her behavior. For this reason, when making important decisions, simply going with a(n) ______ is risky. Instead, people should seriously consider why they feel drawn to taking a particular action, and whether the real ______ is simply that everyone else is doing the same thing.

2 . Waste can be seen everywhere in the school. Some students ask for _______food than they can eat and others often forget _______ off the lights when they leave the classroom. They say they can afford these things. But I don’t agree _______ them.

Waste can bring a lot of problems._______China is rich in some resources, we are short of others, for example, fresh water. It is_______ that we will have no coal or oil to use in 100 years. So if we go on _______ our resources, what can we use in the future and _______ can we move? Think about it. I think we should say no to the _______ who waste things every day. Everybody should stop wasting as soon as possible.

In our _______life, we can do many things to prevent waste from happening, for example, turn off the water taps when we finish washing, turn off the lights when we leave the classroom, try not to order more food than we need, and so on. Little by little, everything will be changed. Waste can be stopped one day, if we do ________ best.

4 . It is natural that young people are not often comfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their ______ don’t understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are too strict ______ their children; and that they ______ give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ______ and they tend to forget how they themselves ______ when young. For example, young people like to act at once without much ______. It is one of their ways to show that they have ______ up and they can face any difficult situation. Instead, ______ people worry more easily. Most of them ______ things ahead, at least in their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something ______.

When you want your parents to let you do ______, you will have better success if you ask ______ you really start doing it.

Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in ________and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel ______ from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their ______. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainments or clothes or their ways of speech, this will make the young extremely ______.

Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to ______   “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be ______ and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, that you were completely under your parents control.

If you plan to control your life, you’d better ______your parents and try to get them to believe you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the ______ to do what you want to do.

5 . Three years ago, Liu Mama was an unknown middle-aged farmer from the Dongbei region, in northeastern China. Then she started _______ her life on the social-media platform Kuaishou. Liu Mama’s son-in-law _______ the live stream(视频直播) to her, and worked as the_______ of her trusty cameraman. They _______ to try it out for laughs. The first videos, each less than a minute _______, showed Liu, short and fat, dressed in a red cotton jacket — _______ on the kitchen chair. She was eating pork bones and fish heads while creating _______ rhymes(押韵诗歌) about the happiness of countryside life. Liu Mama’s funny live streams showed quite a _______ from other popular Chinese video-sharing platforms where the videos _______ famous people, fashion and urban life.

People were __________ attracted by the loud-mouthed and red-cheeked farmer. Within months, the number of __________ to Liu Mama’s channel(频道), “Liu Mama’s Everyday Life,” __________ from dozens to several thousand. Liu Mama began showing herself __________ corn, skinning potatoes, and driving a tractor(拖拉机) around __________. A few years later, Liu Mama __________ fourteen million followers on the Kuaishou platform.

Liu Mama’s __________ is one of many stories of live streamers in China. In the past five years, live stream in China has developed into a main __________ activity — more than half of the nation’s Internet users have given it a __________. While live stream is still __________ as an unimportant culture in other parts of the world, Chinese industries __________ from education to news to daily shopping have hugged it as a business tool.

6 . One student took a box of chicken to class. Another carried on a cell phone _________ , and still another whistled loudly every time the _________ turned his back. Reform school? No. College.

More and more, professors say, they are coming across _________ students in their classrooms. Many of today’s young scholars(学者) arrive late, leave_________, talk loud or take care of personal _________ such as paying bills during class.

Why are the students behaving badly?

“Because they can,” said a student of University of North Texas. “A lot of the time, the professors let them get _________ with it. ”

Some educators say it is time to bring politeness back to their classrooms—and even _________ taking some of the blame for bad behavior. They say that rude students are by no means the majority but that one of them can ruin an entire _________.

People are _________ when they learn that impolite behavior is becoming more and more common in __________ education, says Dr. Gerald Amanda, a counselor at City College of San Francisco. They __________ some high school students to misbehave but think those who get to __________ will behave more politely.

Dr. Amanda believes that society in __________ has become more tolerant(容忍的) of rude behavior and __________ people in power, including professors, no longer __________ standards for __________. That leads to a growing imprudence(轻率行为) __________ some college students. “There’s a great __________ of bad behavior in the world around them, and young people see it and __________ disrespect,” said Dr. Amanda, __________ that sometimes students have no idea that they are being rude.

10 . Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going cashless—a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic payments but would ________ resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as unfair.

Almost 1 out of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don't use cash during a typical week of purchases, according to the Pew study released this week. The findings reveal that Americans are becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring ________ in Sweden, India and China. But state and local officials say that restaurants and shops that adopt cashless policies have left some members of the community behind— individuals without the ________ to open a bank account or who lack access to the mobile apps that power digital payments.

The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would________Internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push ________ efforts to bar no-cash rules in New York and Philadelphia. ________ cashless policies offer consumers the promise of convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft, they also can exclude low-income consumers or undocumented immigrants,critics say. "Cash-free businesses are discriminatory by design and pose ________ to low-income communities that may not have access to credit," New York Council member Torres said on Twitter when he introduced a bill that would ban the practice.

According to the Pew study, the decline in the use of ________ currency is uneven among the population when race, age and income are accounted for. Pew found a significant ________ in cashless adoption tied to annual household income, with adults making at least $75,000 more than twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, ________ with people who make less than $30,000. The Pew findings suggest that the ________ of going cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear. Americans with lower incomes are roughly four times as likely as higher earners to make almost all of their purchases with cash, according to the study.

As has been noted, business leaders have ________ cashless policies by referring to higher security and ________ customer service and efficiency. Some advocates have focused on providing people who are underserved by the ________ banking system with more affordable options, attacking the root cause behind the ________ of cashless payments.