1 . Road traffic accidents are caused by a number of factors which can be grouped into three categories: human factors, vehicle factors and road environment factors. Table 1 explains each factor and gives examples.

Table 1: Factors involved in road traffic accidents

Factor	Description	Example
Human	Things people do or don’t do	Speeding, not obeying traffic rules, using phone while driving
Vehicle	Things that are wrong with the vehicle	?
Road environment	Things outside the vehicle that affect driving	Condition of road, time of day, weather conditions, road repairs

One factor alone or several factors together can cause an accident. However, human actions are by far the greatest causes of car accidents. Diagram 1 shows that human factors are involved in 95% of all car accidents. Although other factors are also involved in 28% of these accidents, in 67% of cases, human factors alone are the cause of the accident.

Although behavior such as not paying attention to road, swerving to avoid an animal and eating while driving causes accidents, most road deaths are caused by speeding, driving after drinking alcohol, driving when tried and not wearing seat belts. As shown in Diagram 2, speeding is involved in more deaths than any other behavior in both city (50%) and country accidents (32%). Drivers and / or passengers not wearing seat belts is the second most common cause of road deaths.

1. Which of the following is best suited in the blank in table 1?

A．Vehicles of this type to be recalled at once.

B．Weak brakes, no seat belts in cars, old tyres.

C．250,000 people killed in car accidents in 2023.

D．Regular car maintenance, professional service.

2. What can be concluded from diagram 2?

A．Speeding kills more drivers in cities than in countries.

B．Two or more factors are combined to cause an accident.

C．Country drivers are more likely to get tired when driving.

D．Drunk driving cause more deaths than not wearing seat belts.

3. The passage is just one section of a larger report. What do you think the title of the larger report is?

A．The dangers of driving a car.	B．The effects of alcohol on driving.
C．Human factors in road traffic accidents.	D．How to prevent deaths on our roads.

2 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A .address     B. launched     C. charge        D. highlights       E. mentioned     F. blocking          G. involving   H. potential     I. previously     J. fortunately     K. authorities

A fire that broke out in an apartment building in Nanjing on February 23 left 15 people dead and another 44 injured. Local     1     said the fire started on the ground floor of the building where several electric bikes were parked.

In China, it is forbidden (禁止) to park or     2     electric bikes in public areas of high-rise buildings. However, violations (违规行为) are common. The management of such electric vehicles has remained a challenge.

The recent tragedy (悲剧) further     3     the safety risks posed by electric bikes in densely populated communities. Data showed that, by the end of 2022, there were 350million electric bikes in China. This means, on average, one out of every four Chinese people has an electric bike. Meanwhile, the number of fire accidents     4     electric bikes has also increased. In 2023, there were 21,000 cases in total, a year-on-year (同比) increase of 17.4%. Some 80% of those fires occurred during charging, with over half taking place at night. About 90% of the deadly fires began in lobbies (大厅), corridors and stairwells (楼梯井).

“For many communities, builders didn’t take into consideration the infrastructure (基础施) for parking and charging electric bikes. Therefore, they often lack a corresponding (相应的) safety plan,” said Yang Zhimin, a Shenzhen official.

The latest incident in Nanjing isn’t the first electric bike fire that has happened in the community involved. Residents     5     a similar one in 2019. That fire, luckily, did not result in any injuries. In 2022, it was reported that over 180 electric bikes were parked overnight in one building. Many residents have     6     voiced concerns over the safety risks posed by these electric bikes.

Following the tragedy, Nanjing authorities announced a thorough (面) review of safety risks. This covers high-rise buildings, commercial spaces (商业区) and other densely populated areas. They aim to     7     high-risk activities, especially those related to electric bikes. Among them are     8     fire evacuation routes, charging electric bikes indoors, and using unsafe wiring (线路系统) for charging.

Other cities across China have also taken action to remove     9     fire hazards. Shanghai has     10     citywide safety inspections of electric bikes in residential areas. On February 25, Huainan in Anhui province issued a notice stressing stricter electric bike management.

“We will work to ensure that all electric bikes in China are parked outdoors,” said the Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM, 应急管理部) on February 26.

3 . I was in seat 10F next to the emergency exit. A few minutes after take-off there was a loud explosion. Everybody gasped (倒抽气) and there were a few screams. Then, surprisingly, it went very quiet — everyone was assessing the situation.

It soon became obvious we weren’t going back to LaGuardia Airport and that we were heading for the water. I started thinking this was it. Then I heard the announcement, ‘This is the captain, brace for impact,’ and everything suddenly got clear. I had to stop thinking about death, and instead, about what I should do once the pilot landed in the water. ‘You sat in this seat,’ I thought, ‘you’ve got to get this door open.’

At about 300 feet (91.5 meters), I started reading the instructions. There were six steps, and I had just read them two or three times when we hit the water. It felt like the worst car crash you could imagine. Fortunately, I’d just read the instructions and managed to get the door open. The wing was sinking lower and lower. I walked out onto it and walked as far along as I could to make room for other people. It was freezing, and nobody had a jacket. Some people were underwater to their waists.

It felt like half an hour before we saw the first ferry, though it could have been only five or ten minutes. I was fourth onto the ferry, and I started helping people onto the boat. To our relief, everyone had survived the crash.

I got through the whole incident by taking it one step at a time: get the door open, throw the door out, figure out if you’re sinking. I just kept on doing that until I reached solid ground. Only then did I go into the men’s room and cry for a few minutes.

1. After hearing a loud explosion, what did passengers, including the writer, do?

A．They put on life jackets as instructed.

B．They tried to figure what had happened.

C．They couldn’t help shouting for help on end.

D．They asked the pilot to fly to LaGuardia Airport.

2. What did the writer think helped him open the emergency exit successfully?

A．He sat by the emergency exit.	B．He had an experienced neighbor.
C．He was once taught how to open it.	D．He read and understood the instructions.

3. Which of the following words best describes the writer?

A．Humorous.

B．Aggressive.

C．Organized.

D．Expressive.

4. Which of the following statements is true of the air crash?

A．No one got killed in it.	B．It happened at the end of the trip.
C．The pilot managed to land the plane safely.	D．A ferry came to the rescue the moment it happened.