Pliny was a Roman writer who     1     （witness）a terrible volcanic eruption as a young man. Then he wrote about the eruption     2     occurred on August 24th，79 AD in Mount Vesuvius，near Pompeii. The tragedy had left a deep     3    （impress）on Pliny whose uncle died in the event. The     4    （town）were buried by the ashes of Mount Vesuvius. By 1748，archaeologists started to dig out the ancient city Pompeii. It is like a "time capsule"     5    （preserve）a frozen moment in history. Not only are the buildings and objects of Pompeii     6    （attract）to people，but also the forms of the people caught in the disaster have captured the imagination of people across the world.       7     these victims have been dead in Pompeii for many years，the bodies show their exact shapes，which makes people feel sympathy     8     them. Today，tourists and archaeologists visit Pompeii every year     9    （learn）more about the ancient world. In this way，the city lives on     10    （near）2，000 years after the eruption.

The Vikings, a group of people    1    ancestors came from Scandinavia, were the first Europeans    2    (reach) America. In 982 AD, there were 10,000 Vikings    3    (live) in Iceland. According    4    the old stories, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed    5    murder, for which he got into trouble. He reached Greenland and then returned to Iceland and told people about Greenland. Later, he set sail again, with 25 ships, of which only 14 made    6    to Greenland. A man called Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an    7    (know) land that no humans seemed to have stepped on, from where he reached Greenland. In 1002, Eric the Red’s son Leif followed Biarni’s directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. He then sailed    8    (far) south to an island now known as Newfoundland. We know about their deeds through stories which    9    (write) down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first    10    (record) we have of Europeans sailing to the America.