1 . Recently-leaked historical documents revealed that there were dozens of attempts by German Resistance almost killing Hitler.

If the Munich agreements of Sept. 29, 1938 had not given Hitler the fruits of war with Czechoslovakia without war, some generals might have ________: Secret arrangements had been made to open from within the doors to Hitler’s house so that a military ________ could rush in. If on Nov. 8, 1939, Hitler had not cut short a speech ________ for two hours in Munich, an assassination plan there might have succeeded. Two days later, with ________ thickened around Hitler, an officers’ bomb attempt was abandoned. In a March 13, 1943 attempt, explosives hidden in two bottles of red wine were placed ________ Hitlers’ plane. The fuse (引信) worked, and the firing pins (撩针) struck. Still, the ________ did not explode, perhaps because the explosive, carried in the plane’s cargo hold, was sensitive to cold.

Eight days later, as Hitler entered a military exhibition, an officer ________ a fuse on a bomb beneath his coat and stayed close to Hitler. But after just two minutes in the exhibition, Hitler, with a wild animal’s ________for danger, left through a side door. The officer dashed to a restroom to defuse the bomb.

A 24-year-old captain shocked by Nazi’s cruelty, instantly ________ when the German Resistance asked if he would kill Hitler. In November 1943, with Hitler scheduled to view a display of new uniform, the captain, with a bomb concealed ________ his person, was prepared to light a short fuse and ________ upon Hitler. But the display was ________ when the railroad car containing the uniforms was destroyed by air raid (空袭) on Berlin.

If it had not been unusually hot on July 20, 1944, Hitler’s conference with Stauffenberg and others would have been held in a concrete basement, which would have ________ the explosion of Stauffenberg’s bomb. ________, they met, in an above-ground wooden building, where the force was weakened. Hitler ________ and the planned attempt was discovered in a few hours.

1.

A．resigned

B．rejected

C．rebelled

D．retired

2.

A．force

B．strength

C．power

D．energy

3.

A．prepared

B．assigned

C．suggested

D．scheduled

4.

A．regulation

B．security

C．management

D．atmosphere

5.

A．aboard

B．around

C．along

D．across

6.

A．plane

B．fuse

C．bomb

D．cargo

7.

A．set

B．opened

C．pulled

D．lit

8.

A．nature

B．instinct

C．character

D．intelligence

9.

A．agreed

B．decided

C．declined

D．admitted

10.

A．in

B．by

C．at

D．on

11.

A．leap

B．look

C．call

D．lean

12.

A．postponed

B．canceled

C．extended

D．delayed

13.

A．prevented

B．strengthened

C．reserved

D．improved

14.

A．Meanwhile

B．Still

C．Instead

D．Furthermore

15.

A．died

B．remained

C．departed

D．survived

2 . Mention the terms Italian culture and Renaissance art and one is immediately reminded of the mysterious smile of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.

The Renaissance had a deep effect on the development of European culture. Having its beginnings in Italy, by the 16th century, it had spread to the rest of Europe. Its influence was felt in different fields such as philosophy, literature, religion, science, politics, and, of course, art. The scholars of the Renaissance period applied the humanistic method to every field of study, and wanted to have human emotion and realism in art.

Renaissance scholars studied the ancient Latin and Greek texts, searching the libraries of Europe for works of ancient times that had become obscure, in their hunt for reforming and perfecting their worldly knowledge. However, that does not mean that they refused religion. In fact, many of the greatest works of the Renaissance period were devoted to it, with the church supporting a lot of the works of Renaissance art. However, there were slight changes in the manner in which the scholars began to treat religion, which affected the cultural life of society, which in turn influenced the artists of that period and therefore was reflected in their art.

In Raphael’s The School of Athens, for example, some well-known people were described as classical scholars with Leonardo da Vinci given as much importance as Plato in his time. Giotto di Bondone, 1266-1337, a Florentine, who is regarded as the greatest Italian painter just earlier than the Renaissance period, is thought to be the first artist who treated a painting as a window into space.

However, it was only after the writings of Filippo Brunelleschi, 1377-1446, who is considered the first great builder of the Italian Renaissance, that perspective (透视法) was formally accepted as an artistic technique.

1. What makes Italy stand out in a way in world history?

A．Its artists during the Renaissance were numerous.	B．It was the center of the European countries.
C．It had many famous inventors in different fields.	D．It was home to the Renaissance.

2. The underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________.

A．meaningless and hard to recognize	B．clear and meaningful to guiding people
C．unclear and difficult to understand or see	D．easy to understand but having little meaning

3. When was perspective officially accepted during the Renaissance?

A．After the completion of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa.

B．After Leonardo da Vinci’s being compared to Plato.

C．After Giotto di Bondone’s paintings were respected.

D．After Filippo Brunelleschi’s completing his writings.

4. The passage aims to tell us ________.

A．Italy’s Renaissance art and artists	B．the famous artists in Italy’s history
C．Italy’s influence on the world in culture	D．the hardships during the Renaissance in Italy

3 . There were many battles that took place during the American Revolutionary War (1775—1783), but perhaps so ne of the worst battles involved. the American Continental Army versus(对抗) the winter at Valley Forge in 1777 and 1778. Here many people believe was where the American Army was born. Valley Forge is located about 25 miles northwest of Philadelphia in the southeastern corner of Pennsylvania.

General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and he decided to setup winter camp at Valley Forge. It was close to Philadelphia, which was where the British had been camping out for the winter. This allowed him to keep a watchful eye on their movements. There were high areas in Mount Joy and Mount Misery where the army could make fortifications(防御工事). Nearby was also the Schuylkill River, which was used as a barrier to the North.

The army's stay at Valley Forge turned into a time of training. Besides Washington, two other leaders included General Friedrich von Steuben and General Marquis de Lafayette.

Steuben was born in Prussia and arrived at Valley Forge with a recommendation letter from statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin. He trained the Continental Army using the daily drill(操练), even in the extremely cold weather. In fact, he was responsible for writing the army's Revolutionary War Drill Manual, which served as the standard United States drill manual(手册) until the War of 1812.

Lafayette was a French military leader, working for no pay, and asking for no special treatment. He later became an important commander in several key battles during the war.

Besides the freezing weather, it was consistently cold, wet, and snowy at Valley Forge. In addition, food was lacking, and there were very few warm clothes, shoes, or blankets. The log cabins they lived in were crowded, cold and damp, and allowed diseases to easily spread. Of the 10,000 men at Valley Forge, 2,500 died before the break of spring mostly from diseases.

Following the winter at Valley Forge, under Washington's leadership, a better-disciplined, trained, and more powerful army, in high spirits, left on June 19, 1778. Nine days later, their first victory against the British occurred at the Battle of Monmouth in New Jersey.

1. Why was Valley Forge chosen as the site of a winter camp?

A．It was key to the effective conduct of war.	B．It was an ideal place for military training.
C．It was very far from the British camp.	D．It was an area with adequate supplies.

2. Who was the author of the important drill manual?

A．Benjamin Franklin.	B．George Washington.
C．Marquis de Lafayette.	D．Friedrich von Steuben.

3. Which can be used to describe the conditions at Valley Forge?

A．Strange.

B．Tough.

C．Favorable.

D．Relaxing.

4. How did the Continental Army change after the winter?

A．It was taken over by the American Army.	B．It won more support from the people.
C．It had many more soldiers.	D．It became a stronger army.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

It was Sunday, December 7, 1941. It looked like it was going to be a normal day     1     board. Just then there was a huge crashing sound from above. The ship shook     2     (violent) and the crew looked at each other in horror. Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles. They were diving down to drop bombs on Pearl Harbor. Moments later, a bomb     3     (hit) the USS Arizona.

The surprise attack came as     4     great shock to the whole nation. The next day, President Roosevelt made his famous Pearl Harbor Speech,     5     (ask) the US Congress to declare war on Japan. In response to the attack and the president's address, the US joined World War II. Today, the USS Arizona lies     6     it sank: in the middle of the Pacific Ocean.     7     (it) location is marked with a memorial shaped like a bridge, which crosses the ship's     8     (sink) remains. Nearly 80 years has passed,     9     the attack on Pearl Harbor, one of the darkest episodes in American history, will never     10     (forget).

5 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the Titanic was built, people assumed it would never sink. So,     1     it sank on its first journey, the news surprised everyone greatly. The Titanic was built in Belfast, Ireland. Its makers spent a great deal of money     2    (build) the extraordinary ship. When it was finished, it was the     3     (large) and most comfortable ship ever built.

The Titanic set sail on 10 April 1912. “I had wanted to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built,” said Molly Brown, a Titanic     4    (survive). “I never imagined it would sink！” On 13 April, the Titanic was sailing     5     full speed towards New York. The captain,     6     had received warnings about icebergs all day, had dismissed the warnings as they arrived. At 2.20 a. m.，the Titanic sank into the sea. It had hit     7     iceberg just over two hours before. Of the 2,208 people aboard the ship, only 705 survived.

Explorer Robert Ballard     8    (search) for the Titanic for more than 20 years before he found it. “When new technology was developed, we used it to send     9    (camera) down into the sea.     10    (final),we found the ship.”With the cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which had caused it to fill with water and sink.