1 . Hazel Mayfield usually cooks the Thanksgiving meal for her extended family in Houston, Texas. She usually welcomes friends and neighbors eager to sample her fried turkey, green bean casserole , candied yams, homemade cornbread dressing, and dirty rice -just a few of her signature dishes. Known as Suga Mama, because her grandchildren think she’s so sweet, the 91 -year-old typically likes to do her own shopping for the ingredients to make her special dishes.

“My mother is the head cook of the family,” said Paulette Mouton, Mayfield’s daughter.“Because of her reputation, you know, there’re people in and out all day, everybody’s family comes through. They want to get some of Suga Mama’s cooking. We’re from Louisiana and we cook all that.”（ One in six Americans could go hungry in 2020 as pandemic persists. ）

But Mayfield hasn’t been to the grocery store since March. And there is little about Thanksgiving 2020 that’s usual. Hundreds of thousands of American families have re-imagined the holiday with virtual celebrations, canceled or delayed travel plans , or for small gatherings with people in their households in response to COVID-19, the deadly virus that has killed more than 250,000 in the U.S. and spoiled life around the world.

This year, Mayfield’s family members are lamenting（ 悲叹） the absence of a big gathering. They’ve   explained to their young children and grandchildren why this year’s Thanksgiving is different. Mayfield’ s youngest daughter, Michelle Sanders, says it’s tough helping her grandchildren understand why they can’ t see some of their other family members.

“It’s really hard, trying to explain to them,”Sanders said. “When you’ re talking to them and they want to come over, you have to tell them no. They really don’t know how to be careful.”

Sanders added,“And, they don’ t understand that, being three, four, and six, you know they don’t really understand that.So, it’s ... it’s really, really hard, and heartbreaking. ”

1. What kind of person is Hazel Mayfield?

A．Helpful and kind-hearted.	B．Stubborn and enthusiastic.
C．Talented and instructive.	D．Grateful and sensitive.

2. Why are there people in and out of Hazel Mayfield’s house?

A．They like to talk to Suga Mama warmly.

B．They come to help cook meals as they like.

C．They come to satisfy their stomaches.

D．They come to cook various meals.

3. How do people react to this year’s Thanksgiving?

A．They try to get together with their family members in the open.

B．They have to avoid big gatherings even with family members.

C．They feel difficult to persuade their children to get together.

D．They are pleased with the absence of Thankgiving celebration.

4. What can we infer from Sanders’words?

A．Children are delighted to celebrate their Thanksgiving Day.

B．Adults feel it difficult to get together with their children.

C．Children are still too young to understand the situation.

D．It’s tough helping children overcome their problems.

2 . Earth's next superpower

The following countries have been sitting on hidden talents. And now they're about to fly.

NIGERIA (尼日利亚)

Nigeria says it pumps out as much oil as the other two oil-producing countries,Kuwait and Iraq. All this oil is cycling cash into the Nigerian economy and creating extremely rich businessmen. Analysts say that if Nigeria can improve its schools and technology，it could balloon into the world's 13th largest economy by 2050，right between Turkey and Italy. If that reason is not enough for optimism，Nigeria's president also has the sunniest name of any world leader: Goodluck Jonathan.

VIETNAM

As agriculture has given way to industry，unemployment in Vietnam has dropped. What's Vietnam's trick? It's ready to work. Other countries' laborers aren't as cheap as they used to be，which makes Vietnam a relative bargain for companies that need new factories abroad. However，the country has almost no railroads，its highways are in poor condition，and its largest city has just one airport，which was built before the Vietnam War. So what's the use of producing export-ready goods if there's no convenient way to ship them? The good thing is that，however，officials are widening highways，building a new airport and so on.

CHILE (智利)

Pipes，computers，motors，and your microwave all have one thing in common: They're made with copper (铜). Copper makes the world go round. And luckily for Chile， it's got about a third of the planet's copper supply. It just needs a way to dig it up and the government is pouring money into the country's mines.

1. Which country will Nigeria be expected to follow in respect of economy by 2050?

A．Kuwait.	B．Iraq.
C．Turkey.	D．Italy.

2. What's the problem Vietnam is facing?

A．It doesn't have money to build new factories.

B．Its people don't have enough food to eat.

C．It is suffering from the Vietnam War.

D．Its transport system is very poor.

3. What will Chile depend on to get developed?

A．High tech.

B．Natural resources.

C．Investments from other countries.

D．The government's good administration.

4. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A．Countries with a lot of money	B．Developed countries
C．Countries in great need of money	D．Countries about to take off

3 . In a broad sense, migration is usually defined as “permanent or semi-permanent change of residence”. Although movements within nations (internal migration) often exceed movements between nations (international migration) in volume, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants.

Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors.

Associated with the place of destination, pull factors are mostly economic, such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.

Besides push and pull factors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles”. Even if push and/or pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered on arrival.

The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and terribly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.

Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.

Migration
Passage outline	Supporting details
Broad     1     of migration	Migration is permanent or semi-permanent change of residence.     2     people move within nations than between nations, yet their motives are alike.
Factors in migration	Push factors	3     to find a suitable job or suffering from war or natural disaster, people are likely to leave their homeland.
	Pull factors	4     by pull factors, people are desperate for more chances to live a better life in the place of destination. Earlier settlers tend to offer help to new migrants, greatly     5     migration flow.
	Intervening obstacles	6     as push and pull factors might be, intervening obstacles seems more difficult for some to     7    .
	Personal factors	International migration may be interesting to those unmarried but not to those with a family; the same     8     of picking up a foreign language may make one excited but another frightened.
Impacts of migration	As a result of large numbers of the newest arrivals, conflicts between them and the natives will     9    . It usually takes long for the new comers to     10     in with the mainstream of the host country.