1 . In the 19th century, tuberculosis (肺结核) epidemics were spreading over Europe and the United States, killing an estimated one out of seven people. In ancient Greece, Hippocrates called it “the most considerable of the diseases.”
The fight against tuberculosis reached a turning point on March 24, 1882, in a small meeting room of the German Physiological Society at Berlin. A doctor named Robert Koch used more than 200 microscopic preparations to identify the bacterium that causes tuberculosis: tubercle bacillus.
In 1872, Koch took up the post of district physician in what is today Wolsztyn, Poland. His patients, many of them farmers, were dying from anthrax, an illness that destroyed their cows.
Koch set out to solve the anthrax riddle. First, Koch visited anthrax-stricken farms to observe the cows. He witnessed how a healthy animal would die in a matter of days as its blood turned black. People in close contact with sick cows and sheep also fell ill. Examining drops of black blood from dead cows under his microscope, Koch spotted structures shaped like thin grains of rice, which blood from healthy animals did not have. These germs were Bacillus anthracis.
To see if the bacteria were the cause of the illness, Koch designed his own testing methods. First, he soaked (浸泡) a wood splinter (碎片) with a sick animal’s blood; then he made a small cut at the base of each mouse’s tail and inserted (插入) the splinter into their bodies. The next morning, the mice were dead. When Koch checked their bodies, he found the same microscopic structures in their blood.
In 1880, Koch’s team perfected his plate technique (技术) for generating pure cultures of bacteria, which was crucial in identifying the cause of tuberculosis. In 1890, he announced he had found the cure for tuberculosis. He called the medicine tuberculin, a substance taken from tubercle bacilli. The news gave rise to enormous hope around the world, but tuberculin turned out to be a major disappointment. More than ineffective, it even contributed to the death of some patients. To this day, no completely effective vaccine for tuberculosis has been found, but tuberculin has become a crucial part of testing for the disease.
1. Why does the author mention Hippocrates in paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the spread of tuberculosis. |
| B．To show the huge impact of tuberculosis. |
| C．To explain the concept of tuberculosis. |
| D．To describe the history of tuberculosis. |
| A．People found a cure for anthrax. |
| B．Fewer people died from tuberculosis. |
| C．Tuberculosis-causing bacteria were recognized. |
| D．Anthrax stopped spreading beyond animals. |
| A．He fed a mouse with a dead cow’s food. |
| B．He inserted a wood splinter into a cow’s tail. |
| C．He infected healthy mice with a sick animal’s blood. |
| D．He examined a dead person’s blood under his microscope. |
| A．It has cured many people. |
| B．It was taken from healthy people. |
| C．It was an effective tuberculosis vaccine. |
| D．It has been used in testing for tuberculosis. |
2 . What makes a calligrapher(书法家)one of the best of all time? The answer can be found in Weidu Fu, written by Zuo Si, an ancient Chinese writer. He wrote: “Accumulate in the way the clouds gather, and release as smoothly as the rain drops.” The description properly summarizes the way Chen Hailiang presents his calligraphy momentum(气势)on paper in a gentle, relaxed manner. It has led to the 55-year-old being considered one of the leading calligraphers of his generation.
Chen has received many accolades, including several Lanting Awards, the highest prize in the field of calligraphy.“Still, I have room to achieve maturity, even at my age,” he said at the opening of his one-man exhibition, Artistry of Original Strokes, running at the National Art Museum of China through Tuesday.
On show are more than 90 pieces of work, displaying Chen’s various works. There are self-composed poems and couplets, as well as copies of some famous, historical calligraphic masterpieces. It offers a glimpse of Chen’s efforts with different styles of calligraphy and his mastery of the cursive script (caoshu).
His accomplishments are grounded in years of hard work. “If someone truly wants to be a professional in the field,” Chen says, “they should at least practice eight hours a day. I sometimes practice much longer than that, and for the rest of the day, I write and read about calligraphy, or articles on the relationship between calligraphy and other forms of Chinese art.”
Liu Heng, a famous scholar of the China Calligraphers Association, says, “ Chen has achieved a technical brilliance, but he is far from being content with copying the styles of those great artists. He has been trying to establish his own style, and he has done it.”
1. Why does the author mention the words from Weidu Fu in paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the writer of Weidu Fu. |
| B．To show Chen’s excellence in calligraphy. |
| C．To explain the reason for Chen’s success. |
| D．To compare the works of Chen and Zuo. |
| A．Benefits. | B．Reviews. | C．Honors . | D．Rewards. |
| A．Keeping reading every day. |
| B．Getting to know the history of the field. |
| C．Staying in the north of China for some period of time. |
| D．Throwing yourself into your field that you are working on. |
| A．They are of various styles. |
| B．They make the audience relaxed. |
| C．They are just copies of some masterpieces. |
| D．They combine with the forms of western art. |
3 . Top Piano Players in the World
Martha ArgerichMartha Argerich could be considered the next Beethoven, as she is one of the most outstanding pianists ever to play. Argerich preferred being on stage with others instead of performing solo; therefore, she has been performing in a concerto format since the 1980s. Argerich was not one for the spotlight, as she often avoided public appearances such as interviews; however, her great talent was all the publicity she needed, standing out during concertos and sonatas.
Leif Ove AndsnesKnown for his appealing performances of Edvard Grieg’s works, Andsnes has won praise for his performances at some of the world’s most famous concert halls. Andsnes has certainly made his mark in Norway, as he is the founding director of Norway’s Rosendal Chamber Music Festival. Because of his unique voice and interesting approach, he was praised by The New York Times as a “pianist of authoritative elegance, power, and insight.”
Alfred BrendelKnown for his beautiful interpretations of Beethoven, Haydn, Schubert and Mozart, Alfred Brendel was considered one of the greats. He played in various concertos throughout his career and became known for his interpretive coldness in recreating these works. Brendel was considered one of the greatest musicians of the 20th century, as he made his mark in the classical music industry. Brendel was self-taught and learned his love of piano at an early age.
Arthur RubinsteinArthur Rubinstein was certainly one of the greats. His career began in the early 20th century when he began to come into contact with some of the world’s most important composers, such as Maurice Ravel, Paul Dukas, and Jacques Thibaud. He made various trips worldwide and visited nearly every continent, where crowds met him with great praise and encouragement.
1. What does the female pianist focus on in her career?| A．Skills in hosting concertos and sonatas. | B．Cooperation with other musicians. |
| C．Close relationships with the media. | D．Unique ways to interpret music. |
| A．Martha Argerich. | B．Leif Ove Andsnes. |
| C．Alfred Brendel. | D．Arthur Rubinstein. |
| A．He was the director of a Norwegian festival. |
| B．He made a difference in classical music. |
| C．He was the best musician of the 20th century. |
| D．He got in touch with some famous composers. |
1. Why did people come to the bar?
| A．To hear the lady sing. | B．To make the lady famous. | C．To listen to the piano. |
| A．After he became a famous pianist. |
| B．That night after his first singing. |
| C．Long before he played the piano in the bar. |
| A．He became a well-known singer in America. |
| B．He had his own piano bar. |
| C．He continued to play the piano in the bar. |
| A．People will succeed if they have talent. |
| B．Everyone should make full use of his talent. |
| C．Few people have real talent. |
1. How did Jim feel about going to England?
| A．Surprised. | B．Nervous. | C．Sad. |
| A．In London. | B．In Cambridge. | C．In Stratford-upon-Avon. |
| A．He was a writer. | B．He was a tour guide. | C．He was a glove maker. |
| A．He got a free education. |
| B．He never went to university. |
| C．He traveled around the world. |
1. Why did people come to the bar?
| A．To hear the lady sing. |
| B．To make the lady famous. |
| C．To listen to the piano. |
| A．After he became a famous pianist. |
| B．That night after his first singing. |
| C．Long before he played the piano in the bar. |
| A．He became a well-known singer in America. |
| B．He had his own piano bar. |
| C．He continued to play the piano in the bar. |
| A．People will succeed if they have talent. |
| B．Everyone should make full use of his talent. |
| C．Few people have real talent. |
7 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The person I respect
There are many respectable people around us. As for me, Marie Curie was the person I respect most. It is general acknowledged that Marie Curie is one of the greatest scientist in the world. Her discoveries are crucial to the later scientific research.
Marie Curie was interesting in science when she was young. After she graduated from university, she committed himself to her work with the objective of serve the whole society. Marie and her husband found the element radium, for that they were awarded the Nobel Prize. Not only was Marie the first female professor at the University of Paris, but she was also the first scientist win two Nobel Prizes in the world.
Madam Curie was intelligent, brave, strong-willed but never gave up. To sum up, she is a person I respect her most.
1. What did Wallis win in 2013?
| A．A nomination for an Oscar Award. |
| B．An Oscar Award for Best Actress. |
| C．An Oscar Award for Best Supporting Actress. |
| A．An actress. | B．A dentist. | C．A director. |
| A．Her fine performance. | B．Her young age. | C．Her wide knowledge. |
| A．It attracted no attention at first. |
| B．It didn’t cost much money to produce. |
| C．It needed kids between the ages of 5 to 9. |
9 . Leslie Jones is a well-known comedian and actress, best known for her time on “Saturday Night Live” (SNL) and her work in stand-up comedy. Her journey into comedy started unexpectedly.
When she was a college freshman, and a friend signed her up for a campus comedy contest. Despite having no previous experience in stand-up, she immediately felt comfortable on stage and won the contest. This experience lit her passion for comedy. However, Leslie Jones faced challenges in pursuing (追求) a professional comedy career.
At the age of 19, she received advice from Jamie Foxx, who suggested that she needed more life experiences to draw material from for her comedy. Foxx advised her to go out, live life, work various jobs, and gain a broader range of experiences to enrich her comedy. Jones took Foxx’s advice to heart and took on a series of jobs, including working as a justice of the peace at weddings and even working for a construction company owned by Scientologists. Throughout these experiences, she kept her ultimate goal of becoming a comedian in mind.
In her memoir, Leslie Jones, she reflects on her upbringing as a military brat, her journey through the male-dominated (男人主宰的) world of comedy clubs, and her eventual breakthrough when she joined the cast of SNL in 2014 at the age of 47.
One unique aspect of Leslie Jones’ comedy style is her commitment to physical comedy, even if it sometimes results in injury. She’s willing to take risks and use her physicality to get laughs from her audience. She’s known for her energetic and bold performances, which often involve physical performance or exaggerated movements.
In summary, Leslie Jones’ comedy career began unexpectedly in college, and despite facing initial challenges, she pursued a variety of life experiences to enrich her comedy. Her devotion to physical comedy and her unique approach have contributed to her success in the entertainment industry.
1. What do we know about Leslie Jones?| A．She is afraid of standing on stage. | B．She is famous for performing comedy. |
| C．She has challenges in contacting people. | D．She starts her comedy career on schedule. |
| A．To make her comedy colorful. | B．To give some advice on Foxx. |
| C．To remember her ultimate goal. | D．To keep her friendship with Foxx. |
| A．Her spirit of taking risks. | B．Her exaggerated eye contact. |
| C．Her unique physical performance. | D．Her desire for gaining experiences. |
| A．Responsible. | B．Easy-going. | C．Self-confident. | D．Hard-working. |
1. Who is the speaker?
| A．A social psychologist. | B．A TV host. | C．A publisher |
| A．Introducing a speaker. | B．Conducting a class | C．Recommending a book. |
| A．Tips for escaping unhappiness. |
| B．Benefits of painful experiences. |
| C．Ways to develop reading ability. |
| A．Discuss his plans. | B．Share his stories. | C．Explain his views. |
