2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

China’s Good Samaritan Law (见义勇为法) Takes Effect

China’s Good Samaritan Law went into effect on October 1 to encourage people who are ready to help others. Under the law, people who voluntarily offer emergency assistance to those who are, or who they believe to be, injured, ill or in danger, will not have civil responsibility in the event of harm to the victims.

The new law aims to ease the reluctance people feel toward helping strangers for fear of legal consequences if they make mistakes in treatment. It is a response to the phenomenon of people hesitating     1     ( help) fallen senior citizens due to concern that they might be blackmailed (讹诈) later.

There has been no shortage of cases     2     people hesitated to offer assistance to those who are in need over the past decade. And some good Samaritans have been blackmailed for charitable acts. In 2011, a two-year-old girl known as Xiao Yueyue was run over by two cars, and 18 people passed by     3     offering emergency help. The girl died after days of medical treatment. In 2014, a man from Guangdong Province aided a senior citizen, but he     4     (accuse) of knocking him down. The man committed suicide when     5     (face) with demands for a large sum of money.

These cases     6     (arouse) debate about morality and heroism in China in recent years. “If you don’t provide help, you will blame yourself, but if you do help, you are likely     7     (hurt) by the people you help. It is really a difficult choice,” one netizen said on Sina Weibo.

    8     there had been calls for a national Good Samaritan law, only a few cities pushed ahead with such laws before the nationwide law came into effect.

However, some experts are concerned     9     there could be some danger from a nationwide Good Samaritan Law. “Rescuers who know little about first aid could bring serious harm to people in critical conditions,” said Yang Lixin, a professor at the Renmin University of China. He hoped that the government     10     introduce details of the policy soon while encouraging people to voluntarily offer assistance.

4 . E-cigarettes Ban:Good news for Tobacco?

The proposed ban on flavored e-cigarettes may drive many Americans back to cigarettes,said Christopher Palmeri and Jeff Green in the Los Ange Times.

Responding to an outbreak of hundreds of serious lung illnesses from vapes(电子烟)that killed a seventh person this week, FDA(食物药品监管局)will outlaw everything but tobacco-flavored-cigarettes, as Michigan and New York state recently did. Flavors like buttered popcorn and mango helped create "an explosion" in teen vaping. But hundreds of thousands of teens already addicted to nicotine-and 9 million adults who vape--may simply replace vaping with tobacco products. By banning favored vapes the government may be "closing the shed door after the horse has gotten out."

Nobody vapes "because the flavor is so amazing," said David Marcus in The Federalist com. That's why the ban is so clueless."If kids want to taste bubble gum,they can buy,you know,bubble gum." Vaping giants like Juul need to be honest about the fact that they’re in the nicotine business, and monitor themselves accordingly. They should spend billions ensuring that stores don’t sell to minors instead of touting the "scientific conclusion"that e-cigarettes are safer than smoking. The burning involved in smoking cigarettes creates tar and a bunch of chemicals not present in e-cigarettes' watery vapor. True, but nicotine is also a dangerous and addictive drug and vaping liquid itself contains chemicals that damage blood vessels(血管)."The idea of safe smoking" is"a lie," and the vaping industry's fruit- and candy-flavored pods" are proof of evil intent."

"The massive increase in teen vapers" is a reasonable concern, said Robert Gebelhoff in Washington Post.com.But the evidence suggests that the lung illnesses that led the government to act were caused by black-market products cut with dangerous substance.Banning favored vapes will only drive more nicotine addicts and teens to the black market,which will be happy to provide fruity pods. Instead of banning flavors, the government "should empower the FDA to fully regulate the industry." That would let science,"not panic,guide our policy."

1. What led to the proposed ban on e-cigarettes?

A．Popular flavors like mango led to teen nicotine addiction.

B．The lack of proper legal supervision in the vaping industry.

C．An increased number of deaths resulting from lung diseases.

D．The sharp increase in the sale of unhealthy tobacco products.

2. What might happen if the ban takes effect?

A．FDA would regulate the tobacco industry more effectively.

B．The vaping industry would be more strictly monitored.

C．The evil intent of the vaping industry would be revealed.

D．The tobacco industry might regain its previous glory.

3. The underlined word "touting"probably means________.

A．Promoting

B．challenging

C．assuming

D．tolerating

4. What is the writer's attitude towards vape ban?

A．Supportive.

B．Disapproving

C．Uninterested

D．Impartial.

5 . The teenage years of an individual is marked by evaluating one's values,experiencing a shift in outlooks,and a tendency to act rebellious. It can also be a time when someone becomes extremely____ to negative influences,and is drawn towards dangerous situations. On the other hand,for parents, the period of their children's adolescence means regularly worrying about their safety and formation as a citizen. Thus, a method of _____teenagers' security is needed, and curfews(宵禁)are often seen as such a measure，since they have proved their ______the same time, certain peculiarities exist about establishing curfews for children.

The issue of teenage curfews is widely debated in the United States, where this method is still rather _____, and in European democracies, where this measure is yet not so widely used .The first and foremost reason for establishing curfews is children's security. ____curfews require teenagers under 17 years to stay out of streets starting from 11p.m.or midnight. This is believed to protect them from crimes committed after nightfall,as well as from breaking the law, and there exists serious evidence _____this belief. For example, when New Orleans enabled a dusk-til-dawn curfew in 1994, the rates of juvenile crime were reported to fall more than 20 percent.Even more impressive _______were recorded in Dallas, which reported a 30-percent decrease in violent juvenile crime,and a 21-percent decrease in the overall rates of crimes committed by young people (The New York Times).

On the other hand, curfews can be seen as a preventive measure that rob young people of their rights,____ their freedom. This opinion is _____ supported by the fact that curfew violations(违规) and the respective charges are among the most often committed juvenile crimes in the United States. _______, there were reports claiming that police arrested more non-white teenagers for curfew violations.All this can cause a teenager to believe they have crossed a psychological line dividing them as criminals; thus,such teenagers may start to see themselves as outlaws, which can _____ committing more serious crimes than a curfew offense.

What is important for a parent to remember when establishing a curfew for their children is that a teenager's misjudged view of certain______may cause them to misbehave in some other way; this is proved by research conducted by the University of Minnesota, according to which teens tend to protest against what they see as _______. Considering this,parents should ______the authoritarian style of establishing curfews; instead, they should have a conversation with their teenager that would be aimed at finding ideal conditions for a curfew that would ______both sides.

1.

A．opposed

B．subjected

C．related

D．restricted

2.

A．improving

B．restoring

C．ensuring

D．expanding

3.

A．principle

B．reference

C．approach

D．efficiency

4.

A．popular

B．absent

C．practical

D．accessible

5.

A．Typical

B．Evident

C．Critical

D．Specific

6.

A．in place of

B．in honor of

C．in case of

D．in favor of

7.

A．results

B．events

C．patterns

D．links

8.

A．protecting

B．acknowledging

C．limiting

D．liberating

9.

A．officially

B．logically

C．particularly

D．physically

10.

A．By contrast

B．In addition

C．In conclusion

D．In general

11.

A．take charge of

B．contribute to

C．result from

D．deal with

12.

A．rules

B．charges

C．crimes

D．relations

13.

A．impolite

B．unrealistic

C．inadequate

D．unfair

14.

A．adopt

B．allow

C．avoid

D．address

15.

A．satisfy

B．spare

C．surround

D．settle

6 . Progressives often support diversity missions as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.

A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure "gender equality" on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.

Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government board are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas（配额）. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.

The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which clearly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.

The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest. Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of "equal protection".

But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?

The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.

Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.

Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a "golden skirt "phenomenon, where the same elite women occupy multiple seats on a variety of boards.

Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.

1. The author believes that the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will __________.

A．help little to reduce gender bias.

B．pose a threat to the state government.

C．raise women's position in politics.

D．greatly broaden career options.

2. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate __________.

A．the harm from absolute board decision.

B．the importance of constitutional guarantees.

C．the pressure on women in global corporations.

D．the needlessness of government interventions.

3. Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to __________.

A．the underestimation of elite women's role

B．the objection to female participation on boards.

C．the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.

D．the growing tension between labor and management.

4. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?

A．Women's need in employment should be considered.

B．Feasibility should be a prime concern in policy making.

C．Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.

D．Major social issues should be the focus of the government.

7 . What happens when the right to know comes up against the right not to know? The ease of genetic testing has brought this question to light. Two _______ legal cases－one in Britain, the other in Germany － stand to alter the way medicine is practised.

Both cases involve Huntington’s disease (HD). whose _______ include loss of co-ordination (协调), mood changes and cognitive (认知的) decline. It develops between the ages of 30 and 50, and is eventually fatal. Every child of an _______ parent has a 50% chance of inheriting it.

In the British case, _______ for trial at the High Court in London in November, a woman known as ABC-to protect the _______ of her daughter, who is a minor-is charging a London hospital, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, for not _______ her father’s diagnosis of HD with her. ABC was pregnant at the time of his diagnosis, in 2009. She argues that had she been aware of it, she would have stopped the pregnancy. As it was, she found out only after giving birth to her daughter. She later tested _______ for HD.

The German case is in some ways the mirror image of the British one. Unlike in Britain, in Germany the right not to know genetic information is protected in law. _______ , in 2011 a doctor informed a woman that her divorced husband - the doctor's patient - had tested positive for HD. This meant their two children were _______   the disease. She accused the doctor, who had acted with his patient's permission. Both children being minors at the time, they could not legally be tested for the disease, which, as the woman’s lawyers pointed out, is currently     ________. They argued that she was therefore helpless to act on the information, and ________ suffered a reactive depression that prevented her from working.

Both cases test a legal grey area. If the right to know is ________ recognized in Britain later this year, that may remove some uncertainties, but it will also create new ones. To what lengths should doctors go to track down and inform family members, ________?

It is the law’s job to ________ these rights for the modern age. When the law falls behind technology, somebody often pays the price, and currently that somebody is ________ . As these two cases demonstrate, they find themselves in a difficult situation - charged if they do, accused if they don't.

1.

A．remarkable

B．distinct

C．contrasting

D．dominant

2.

A．consequences

B．symptoms

C．indications

D．diagnoses

3.

A．influenced

B．affected

C．inherited

D．annoyed

4.

A．scheduled

B．determined

C．approved

D．implemented

5.

A．possession

B．status

C．health

D．identity

6.

A．revealing

B．sharing

C．reminding

D．concealing

7.

A．convinced

B．suspicious

C．infected

D．positive

8.

A．Nevertheless

B．Thus

C．Additionally

D．Fundamentally

9.

A．in advance of

B．in the course of

C．at the close of

D．at the risk of

10.

A．inevitable

B．inextinguishable

C．incurable

D．intolerable

11.

A．as a result

B．after all

C．above all

D．in return

12.

A．financially

B．academically

C．legally

D．culturally

13.

A．on occasion

B．by comparison

C．in effect

D．for example

14.

A．reserve

B．balance

C．defend

D．draft

15.

A．lawmakers

B．victims

C．patients

D．doctors

8 . France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra (过分的)-thin models on runways.

The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “ encourage unreasonable thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures ;have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultrathin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death - as some have done.

The bans, if fully carried out, would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters (仲裁人) of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules regarding the age, health, and. other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement (执行) is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.

Relying on moral persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help uplift notions (观念) of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

1. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

A．Physical beauty would be redefined.

B．New runways would be constructed.

C．Websites about dieting would develop.

D．The fashion industry would decline.

2. The phrase “impinging on "in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.

A．heightening the value of

B．indicating the state of

C．losing faith in

D．doing harm to

3. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ________.

A．using extravagant material

B．caring too much about models’ character.

C．showing little concern for models’ health

D．pursuing the perfect physical conditions of models

4. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

A．The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

B．Beauty Is Skin-deep

C．A Campaign for Promoting True Beauty in France

D．A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

9 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

It is a common sight on campus or in the streets: a young person rides by on an electric scooter, traveling quickly and proudly. But Beijing’s traffic authorities have said that starting on Sept.5, people who are caught riding electric scooters on public roads or bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will also be given a warning not to use the vehicles on public roads again.

The announcement was made after traffic police in Shanghai started a campaign to get electric scooters off public roads, with police officers stopping riders because the scooters could cause traffic problems.

The Beijing Consumer Association said it had tested more than 20 electric scooters of different brands recently and found that most had substandard brakes. It added that 16 of the tested scooters could go faster than the maximum 20 km per hour set for electric bikes. According to the traffic police, people who ride electric scooters at certain speeds can easily bump into the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt people who walk in the bicycle lanes.

But seeing the benefits that electric scooters have brought to young people, experts are worried that the ban may take effect slowly.

Electric scooters are a great answer to the ‘last mile problem’ of getting from a public transport station to one’s home. They’re light enough to throw over your shoulder. They’re easy to ride just about anywhere and don’t need a lot of physical effort. The scooter can travel 25 km on one charge. It’s convenient and easy to control.

They are also good for environment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scooters produce no carbon dioxide, need no fuel and make almost no noise.

For many young people, they use them to copy cool celebrities they have seen in videos.

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