1 . Many United States companies have made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, the United States International Trade Commission(ITC) has received about 280 complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreign governments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped” their products in the United States at “less than fair value”. Even when no unfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).

Contrary to the general impression, this request for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin to function globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, and research relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would be subject to duties.

Perhaps the most shameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate(联合企业) with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “United States” company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the “Canadian” companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.

1. The passage is chiefly concerned with ________.

A．arguing against the increased internationalization of US corporations

B．recommending a uniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices

C．warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences

D．advocating the use of trade restrictions for “dumped” products but not for other imports

2. What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC?

A．A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fair market value.

B．A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of products shipped to the US.

C．The company requesting import relief has been banned from exporting products.

D．The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the US.

3. Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?

A．They will eliminate the practice of “dumping” products in the US.

B．Those applied to international companies will help to gain more profits.

C．They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade with other nations.

D．Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily help other units.

2 . If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry.

For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.

The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers.

From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions.

Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food.

There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers.

1. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce           .

A．the progress made in car industry

B．a special feature of agriculture

C．a trend of development in agriculture

D．the importance of investing in car industry

2. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2?

A．Loans to small local farmers are necessary.

B．Technology is vital for agricultural development.

C．Competition between small and big farms is fierce

D．Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones.

3. What is the difficulty for those new famers?

A．To gain more financial aid.

B．To hire good farm managers.

C．To have farms of their own.

D．To win old farmers’ support.

4. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy?

A．Seek support beyond NYFC.

B．Expand farmland conservation.

C．Become members of NYFC.

D．Invest more to improve technology.

3 . 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每句不超过两个错误；

2. 每处错误及其修改均只限一词；

3. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Wechat is becoming increasing popular. The other day, when I was walking by a food shop, I notice an old woman buying some food. She didn’t pay in cash. Instead of, she paid with WeChat. WeChat payment is becoming more and more popular. Why do people like to use WeChat payment? The main reason is because it is simple and convenience. What we need to do are to take out the cellphone, scan the QR code and pay the goods we buy. We don’t have to carry wallets with me any longer. WeChat payment, that has changed the way we shop, is created by Chinese. We each should be proud of be a Chinese. It shows to the world that Chinese people are creative.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What’s the topic of the dialogue?

A．Science.

B．Finance.

C．Health.

2. Why does the woman try to find another job?

A．She doesn’t like the job.

B．She doesn’t agree with the people.

C．She can’t earn enough money.

3. What does the man think of applying for a loan?

A．Not complicated.

B．Complicated.

C．Funny.

5 . The future of Australia’s solar industry is looking bright after a record 3.5m panels(嵌板)were installed on rooftops last year, giving the equal output of a medium-sized coal-fired power station. The record 1,057 MW of capacity (产能) in small scale systems installed across the country broke the previous record set in 2012, figures from the Clean Energy Regulator showed on Tuesday.

Australia’s solar power prosperity could almost double capacity in a year, The data also revealed that the average system size has also doubled since then from three to six kilowatts as average prices continued to fall. A fully installed 5KW system costs an average of $5,930 in Australia, according to the energy broker Solar choice. net. au. Its records show that the price has roughly halved in many capital cities since 2012.

The regulator’s executive general manager, Mark Williamson, said there was increasing interest in renewals as a way to take control of electricity bills. But more importantly, he said it was also good news for reducing carbon emissions,

“We are seeing a wide cross section of Australians—households, community centers, schools, and small businesses—receiving rewards under the small scale renewable energy scheme,” Williamson said, “Our data shows consumers are embracing renewable energy to take control of their electricity bills. ”

In 2017, there was a 41% increase in installing renewable energy capacity across all states and territories compared to 2016. Queensland led the way with installed capacity at 295MW, with the Australian Capital Territory taking top place for the biggest annual increase by 57 %. “I he data collected by the Clean Energy Regulator in 2017 reflects the industry is going from strength to strength, It looks like 2018 will be another big year for the solar industry.”

The total of installed capacity for last year is expected to rise to 1,070MW when all the data is collected. A large coal-fired power station such as Loyd Yang A in Victoria’s Latrobe Valley has a capacity of 2, 200MW.

1. What do we know about the Australia’s solar industry from the first paragraph?

A．It’s still risky.

B．It’s promising.

C．It’s unpredictable.

D．It’s within expectation.

2. What’s the reason for the Australia’s solar industry’s development?

A．The continuous fall of average price of installing a solar energy system.

B．The entire decrease of the carbon emissions.

C．The autonomous control of the electricity bills.

D．The doubt about the capacity of coal-fired power station.

3. What does the underlined phrase “from strength to strength” in Paragraph 5 suggest?

A．Australia’s solar industry is being accepted.

B．Australia’s solar industry is developing rapidly.

C．Australia’s solar industry is more practical than before.

D．Australia’s solar industry is more advanced than other countries.

4. What is the biggest feature of the renewable energy according to Mark Williams?

A．Reducing pollution.

B．Providing enough energy.

C．Lowering electricity bills.

D．Simplifying installed equipment.

6 . Xi Jinping, on behalf    1    the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC),    2    (deliver) a work report to the 19th CPC National Congress,    3    opened on Wednesday morning at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.

The closed-door summit, which takes place once    4    five years, determines who rules China and the country’s direction for the next term. Mr. Xi, who became the leader in 2012, has been consolidating(巩固) power and is    5    (wide) expected to remain as chief of the ruling Communist Party. He continues to enjoy widespread support among ordinary    6    (citizen) in China. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC) will map out overall reform measures    7    (concern) the country’s political system and other areas. 2.280 delegates(代表)    8    (chose) from a group of nearly 89 million Party members across the nation will attend the 19th CPC National Congress.

“Today, we are closer, more confident, and more capable than ever before of making the goal of national rejuvenation(民族复兴)    9    reality,” Xi said, adding that the Party is working even harder    10    (achieve) the goal.

7 . Nobel Prize Winner Studies How People Spent Their Money

The winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences studies how people spend their money.    1    The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences is presenting the Economics Prize to Professor Angus Deaton of Princeton University in New Jersey. The Nobel committee says his research has mainly dealt with three questions: How do consumers distribute their spending among different goods? How much of society's wealth is spent and how much is saved?    2    

Mr. Deaton used household surveys to collect detailed information about how families spend their money. For example in one study, the Princeton professor examined the relationship between poverty and the amount of calories in the food people ate.

The Nobel committee said Mr. Deaton’s research has shown how the clever use of household data can shed light on(阐明) issues such as the relationship between income and calorie intake, and the extent of gender discrimination with the family. People often asked him the question why he paid so much attention to household information.    3    “Well, it's individually… it's about people in the end. You have to understand what makes people tick, and what's good for them. And for me it's always been about trying to understand behavior and to try to infer from that behavior, you know, how people are doing.”

    4    Subjects of his research have included happiness, well-being and aging. At a press conference last month, the Nobel Prize winner said he was pleased that his work had been recognized.    5    "I think we have had a remarkable decrease for the past 20 to 30 years. I do expect that to continue," he said.

A．Are you a saver or a spender?

B．He told reporters he believed poverty would decrease.

C．And, how do we best measure and study well-being and poverty?

D．He said that his studies were mainly about people and their behavior.

E．He also has explored how spending can affect both living conditions and poverty.

F．He examined the close relationship between poverty and the kind of food people ate.

G．The Nobel committee also praised Mr. Deaton’s work because it used detailed information about real people, not theoretical ideas.

8 . Have you ever lost your direction? Then you might find satellite navigation(satnav) systems(卫星定位系统) helpful.

A satnav system uses groups of satellites. They send information to a receiver(接收器), such as your smartphone. Then they can find where you are.

The earliest satnav system is the Global Positioning System(GPS) of the United States. The US has put 24 satellites into space to make sure GPS can locate(定位) a person correctly and globally. Likewise, Russia’s GLONASS and European Union’s Galileo can also work globally.

But China is catching up, building its own BeiDou Navigation Satellite System. BeiDou is China’s homegrown satnav system, reported Xinhua. It was set up in 2000, when China sent BeiDou’s first navigation experiment satellite into space. With it, China became the third country to build a satnav system after the US and Russia.

BeiDou can find you wherever you are. It helps you go faster by finding shortcuts(捷径) and using correct directions. When you are in trouble and call the police, they will know exactly where you are if you have a cellphone that uses BeiDou.

Today, there are more than 20 BeiDou satellites above our heads. And the system is able to offer open services to the Asia-Pacific region(亚太地区).

In November, China plans to send more BeiDou-3 satellites into space. BeiDou-3’s position accuracy(准确度) is less than five meters, Ran Chengqi, a senior designer of the satellite navigation system, told China Daily.

By 2020, BeiDou is planned to have 35 satellites and begin serving globally, reported Xinhua.

1. A satnav system works correctly and globally by using .

A．a satellite	B．a group of satellites
C．a receiver like a smartphone	D．a group of receivers

2. How many satellites does GPS of the US use to find a person’s position?

A．7	B．24
C．20	D．35

3. Which country does NOT have its own satnav system?

A．The United States	B．South Korea
C．Russia	D．China

4. What can we tell from the story?

A．There are 35 BeiDou satellites above our heads

B．BeiDou now is able to Serve globally

C．BeiDou satellites are made in China

D．Everyone needs to have a cellphone that can use BeiDou

9 . Thousands of taxi drivers in Shenyang, Liaoning province, reportedly blocked streets with their vehicles on Sunday in protest against unlicensed vehicles using taxi-hiring apps and apps-based car rental companies providing passenger services, including high-end cars. Although the drivers also complained about the withdrawal of the fuel subsidy (补贴)by the government, their main complaint was the loss of business because of the rising number of Internet-based car services companies.

On Wednesday, news reports came that Beijing transport authorities will take measures to stop the illegal “taxi business” of private cars through the newly rising Internet apps, following the footsteps of Shenyang and Nanjing.

It is not yet clear how the Shenyang city government will handle the issue and whether it will declare the services offered by market leaders such as Didi Dache, a taxi-hiring app provider backed by Tencent Holdings, and Kuaidi Dache illegal. But Shanghai transport regulators (交通管理结构)have set a rule, by banning Didi Zhuanche, or car services offered by Didi Dache in December.

Such regulations will cause a setback to the car-hiring companies and investors that are waiting to cash in on the potentially booming business. Just last month, Didi Dache got $700 million in funding from global investors, including Singapore state investment company Temasek Holdings, Russian investment company DST Global and Tencent. Besides, the market is uncertain that Kuaidi Dache is about to finalize its latest round of funding after getting $800 million from global investors.

Regulatory uncertainties, however, could cast a shadow on the future of the Internet-based car-hiring services, which have become popular in most of China’s big cities. To be fair, these companies’ business model is anything but bad. For example, Didi Zhuanche works side by side with established car rental companies to provide high-end car service mainly for businesspeople through the Internet and mobile phone apps.

Every link in this business model chain has legal companies and services. Hence, it is hard to define it as illegal and ban it.

1. Why did taxi drivers in Shenyang block the streets with their vehicles?

A．Because they wanted to make their main complaints known to the authority.

B．Because they wanted to be taught how to use the taxi-hiring apps.

C．Because they wanted the authority to increase their driving allowances.

D．Because they wanted to appeal to passengers not to hire the private cars.

2. The author’s attitude to banning internet car-hiring service is______.

A．positive	B．unclear
C．neutral	D．negative

3. Which of the following statements is false according to the passage?

A．Didi Dache is a China-foreign joint company.

B．Apps-based car rental is functional to some degree.

C．The government should regulate the app-based car rental market.

D．The problem referred to in the passage exists in all cities.

4. We can learn from the passage that _____.

A．Shenyang forbade apps-based car rental companies

B．Shanghai is the second city banning Didi Zhuanche

C．some international investment companies have strong faith in the future of apps-based car rental companies

D．it is not difficult to picture the apps-based car rental companies illegal

10 . That Beijing together with Zhangjiakou succeeded in getting the chance     1    (host) the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, speeds up the development of Zhangjiakou City. Word came    2    the Beijing -- Zhangjiakou high-speed railway ,    3    (locate) in North China, is currently under construction and     4    (expect) to be completed by 2020 in preparation for the cities to host the 2022 Winter Olympics.

    5    , the project is a big challenge line, with ten stations situated along its route, starting from Beijing North Railway Station, heading west through the Great Wall, three times the     6    (long)of the capital's territory. Having a     7    (totally) investment of 31.17 billion yuan , the trip between the two cities will only take 40 minutes, with the train     8    (travel) at an average of 250km/h. According to the plan, the high-speed railway will build two branch lines-- one is to Yanqing Station and     9    other to Taizicheng of Chongli,     10    the Olympic village lies. The full railway, which includes 72–kolometers section through Beijing , will be completed in four and a half years.