1 . Death is a serious theme worthy of great poets. For example, John Keats’ When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be and John Donne’s Death, Be Not Proud both discuss death in reflective ways. However, the imagery in these poems shows that while Keats believed death can only bring destruction, Donne believed death can be overcome.
Keats was afraid of death, because to him death meant the loss of those things that made his life worth living: “…on the shore/Of the wide world I stand alone, and think/Till love and fame to nothingness do sink.“ In other words, Keats’ fear was that death was a ”nothingness” that would arrive before he could finish his life’s work or find his true love.
Donne had a different attitude toward death, and so the imagery in his poem is different, too. To Donne, death should “be not proud”, because it was not “mighty and dreadful”. He also said that death was like “rest and sleep”. Donne believed that we would all wake from the sleep of death to everlasting life, just as we wake from our normal sleep to our everyday lives.
Keats and Donne both knew that death was a part of life, and both poets used powerful imagery to talk about that difficult theme. The differences in this imagery show two very different attitudes toward the subject, one of which is much more positive than the other. Which poet to believe is up to the reader to decide.
Not surprisingly, the readers’ own experiences may play a part in the way they respond to these poets’ approaches. Like the two poets and their beliefs, contemporary readers also may be divided on the subject. This may explain why Keats’ and Donne’s poetry remains fascinating years after their deaths.
1. Which of the following may Keats agree with?| A．Death could stop him from writing poetry. | B．Death could help him find true love. |
| C．Death was not mighty and dreadful. | D．Death could be overcome by people. |
| A．Death was generally powerful and terrible. | B．Death was only a ceaseless sleep. |
| C．Death was merely the loss of work and love. | D．Death was hardly worth the fear. |
| A．Because they are attracted to the two poets’ everlasting opposite beliefs. |
| B．Because they are divided naturally by their positive or negative personalities. |
| C．Because their own life experiences affect the understandings of the poems. |
| D．Because their preferences for the poets’ strong imageries are various. |
| A．Analysis. | B．Argument. | C．Comparison. | D．Reasoning. |
2 . Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady’s Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl’s Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl’s book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer’s needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl’s approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
1. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ________.| A．newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light |
| B．very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers |
| C．too much mathematical detail in the theory |
| D．not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters |
| A．the students who are major in mathematical geometry |
| B．those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems |
| C．the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs |
| D．those who are interested in physics |
| A．indirect ways of learning mathematics |
| B．a fundamental power within the theory |
| C．its the conceptual elegance |
| D．its the practical applications in finding new approaches to old problems |
| A．a review of a book | B．a chemistry textbook |
| C．an optician’s essay | D．a general science text |
3 . Joseph Conrad, a famous English novelist, said that his goal as a writer was “to make you hear, to make you feel, and above all, to make you see. That, and no more, is everything.”
In Hemingway’s story, The Old Man and the Sea, however, we must approach the content on another level.
Readers cannot appreciate a short story fully unless they react not only to what has been said but also to how it has been said.
| A．They must look for style and structure. |
| B．In complex stories, careful readers may not always agree with the author. |
| C．The impact on the reader comes from the sudden and unexpected response. |
| D．A good short story tries to give the reader a sense of the actual experience. |
| E．Finally, the reader should be able to explain the insights which the author has given into the theme. |
| F．The impact of the story comes from the insight it gives us into the needs and desires of youth and old age. |
| G．In order to read a short story with full understanding, the reader must approach the content on two levels. |
4 . That was two years after her father's death and a short time after her sweetheart—the one we believed would marry her—had deserted her. After her father's death she went out very little; after her sweetheart went away, people hardly saw her at all. A few of the ladies had the temerity to call, but were not received, and the only sign of life about the place was the Negro man—a young man then—going in and out with a market basket.
“Just as if a man—any man—could keep a kitchen properly,” the ladies said; so they were not surprised when the smell developed. It was another link between the gross, teeming world and the high and mighty Griersons.
A neighbor, a woman, complained to the mayor, Judge Stevens, eighty years old.
“But what will you have me do about it, madam?” he said.
“Why, send her word to stop it,” the woman said. “Isn't there a law?”
“I'm sure that won't be necessary,” Judge Stevens said. “It's probably just a snake or a rat that nigger of hers killed in the yard. I'll speak to him about it.”
The next day he received two more complaints, one from a man who came in diffident deprecation. “We really must do something about it, Judge. I'd be the last one in the world to bother Miss Emily, but we've got to do something.” That night the Board of Aldermen met—three graybeards and one younger man, a member of the rising generation.
“It's simple enough,” he said. “Send her word to have her place cleaned up. Give her a certain time to do it in, and if she don't...”
“Dammit, sir,” Judge Stevens said, “will you accuse a lady to her face of smelling bad?”
So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily's lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder. They broke open the cellar door and sprinkled lime there, and in all the outbuildings. As they recrossed the lawn, a window that had been dark was lighted and Miss Emily sat in it, the light behind her, and her upright torso motionless as that of an idol. They crept quietly across the lawn and into the shadow of the locusts that lined the street. After a week or two the smell went away.
That was when people had begun to feel really sorry for her. People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily and such. We had long thought of them as a tableau, Miss Emily a slender figure in white in the background, her father a spraddled silhouette in the foreground, his back to her and clutching a horsewhip, the two of them framed by the back-flung front door. So when she got to be thirty and was still single, we were not pleased exactly, but vindicated; even with insanity in the family she wouldn't have turned down all of her chances if they had really materialized.
1. What did the Negro man possibly do in the family?| A．He was an adopted son | B．He worked as a servant |
| C．He kept the family alive | D．He helped kill the snakes and rats |
| A．It was almost impossible for men to take good care of a family |
| B．The Negro man seemed to keep the kitchen properly |
| C．Men were good at cleaning kitchen in a proper way |
| D．Men were very likely to make a kitchen smelly |
| A．He considers the complaints unreasonable |
| B．He thought it was the Negro man to blame |
| C．He remained neutral without giving suggestions |
| D．He didn't think much of it and believed it could be solved |
| A．Four men tried to sow something in Emily's lawn after midnight |
| B．Emily probably noticed some ones cross on her lawn |
| C．The four men tried to find out where the smell came |
| D．The smell was finally got rid of by the four men |
| A．Emily looked down upon all the young men |
| B．Emily's great aunt was driven crazy by her father |
| C．Emily's father had set lots of barriers for her pursuers |
| D．Emily's family was too distinguished to be appreciated |
1. 表示乐于帮助；
2. 确定见面的相关事宜（如时间、地点等）。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Peter,How is everything going on with you recently? _______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,
Li Hua
