1. 你对钱学森的了解（比如成就、品质、精神……）；2. 你对钱学森的仰慕和感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Respected Mr. Qian,
I’m Li Hua, a senior two student.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Li Hua
2 . For Vishwanath Mallabadi from Bangalore, India, there is no such thing as a useless object or “waste”. Give him anything—abandoned metal or plastic items, old devices, dysfunctional printed circuit boards — and he’ll create art out of it.
Vishwanath’s passion is particularly relevant in the current age, where India generates more e-waste than it can recycle. From 2019 to 2020, the country generated a total of more than 1 million tonnes of e waste. Of this, only 22.7 percent was collected, taken apart and recycled. The eco-artist has upcycled and transformed nearly 200 kg of e-waste into usable products and proposes eco-art as a means to deal with waste management.
Vishwanath’s father, D M Shambhu, was a famous sculptor and painter, but he wanted his son to choose medicine and become a doctor. However, Vishwanath, who was interested in upcycling second-hand objects right from childhood, decided to pursue a BFA in Applied Art. He later went on to work in a company as a high-level administrator and retired two years ago. “In my free time and during the weekends. I used to conduct experiments in e-waste and try to develop something unique,” he recalled.
So far, the eco-artist has created more than 500 objects. These include a six-foot tall sculpture made from upcycled computer keyboard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, using upcycled resistors (电阻器) on wood. Among his other artworks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created from upcycled keyboard keys on a sun board finished with plastics, a deer made of colorful used wires, plants and flowers from computer parts, and eco jewellery from upcycled digital wrist watch parts.
“The work involves selecting the e-waste objects—the texture, shape, and colour etc, and visualising and conceptualising the final product. It might take weeks and months for sculptures. However, sustainable initiatives and upcycled art are nowadays in demand in multinational companies opting for a sustainable culture,” he said.
1. What does the author try to convey in paragraph 2?| A．The seriousness of e-waste in India. |
| B．Vishwanath’s passion for environment protection. |
| C．The achievements of waste management in India. |
| D．Vishwanath’s attitude towards dealing with e-waste. |
| A．A passionate eco-artist. | B．A private doctor. |
| C．A famous sculptor. | D．A senior manager. |
| A．The deer and the plants. | B．The sculpture and the figure statue. |
| C．The painting and the flowers. | D．The deer and the eco jewellery. |
| A．Exciting but unprofitable. | B．Creative but useless. |
| C．Demanding but worthwhile. | D．Efficient but costly. |
3 . Donna Strickland was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Arthur Ashkin and Gérard Mourou.It’s the first time in 55 years that a woman has won this famous prize, but why has it taken so long? We look at five other pioneering female physicists — past and present — who actually deserve the prize.
Jocelyn Bell Burnell
Perhaps the most famous snub (冷落): the student Bell discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967, when she was a PhD student at Cambridge.The Nobel Prize that recognised this landmark discovery in 1974, however, went to her male supervisor, Antony Hewish.Recently awarded a £2.3 million Breakthrough Prize, which she gave away to help under-represented students, she joked to The Guardian, “I feel I’ve done very well out of not getting a Nobel Prize.”
Lene Hau
Hau is best-known for leading the research team at Harvard University in 1999 that managed to slow a beam of light, before managing to stop it completely in 2001.Often topping Nobel Prize prediction lists, could 2019 be Hau’s year.
Vera Rubin
Rubin discovered dark matter in the 1980s, opening up a new field of astronomy.She died in 2016, without recognition from the committee.
Chien-Shiung Wu
Wu’s “Wu experiment” helped disprove the “law of conservation of parity”.Her experimental work was helpful but never honoured, and instead, her male colleagues won the 1957 Nobel Prize for their theoretical work behind the study.
Lise Meitner
Meitner led groundbreaking work on the discovery of nuclear fission.However, the discovery was acknowledged by the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which was won by her male co-lead, Otto Hahn.
1. When was the discovery of radio pulsars recognised by the Nobel?| A．In 1944． | B．In 1967． | C．In 1974． | D．In 1980． |
| A．Donna Strickland. | B．Jocelyn Bell Burnell. |
| C．Lene Hau. | D．Vera Rubin. |
| A．The five female scientists did greatly in chemistry. |
| B．Vera Rubin had opened up a new field in geometry. |
| C．Lise Meitner’s teacher won a Nobel Prize for her work. |
| D．The five female scientists haven’t been awarded Nobel Prize. |
4 . Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The ExhibitionThis exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture SeriesScottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
| An Introduction to Raeburn Sunday 26 Oct., 15:00 DUNCAN THOMSON | Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13:10 JUDY EGERTON |
| Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn’s Portraits Thursday 6 Nov., 13:10 NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON | Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the 18th Century Thursday 13 Nov., 13:10 MARTIN POSTLE |
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and CollegesA special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?| A．Sun. 26 Oct. | B．Thurs. 30 Oct. | C．Thurs. 6 Nov. | D．Thurs.13 Nov. |
| A．£4. | B．£8. | C．£12. | D．£16. |
| A．They should go on Sunday mornings. | B．They should come from art schools. |
| C．They must be led by teachers. | D．They must have ID cards with them. |
The only thing that is cooler than breaking a Guinness World Record is breaking the record set by yourself. That’s exactly
Yet even with Ashley’s impressive skills, attempting to break his record
The audience surrounding him as he began his attempt remained fairly quiet, the
“Seeing Ashley achieve this record was
6 . Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Honor Society is honored to announce that Shirley M. Malcom is the 2021 receiver of the Gold Key Award. As the Society’s highest honor, the Gold Key Award is presented to a member who has made extraordinary contributions to their profession and has encouraged critical innovations to enhance the health of the scientific research, and to promote the public understanding of science for the purpose of improving the human condition.
“Dr. Malcom has pioneered and championed much of the thinking about diversity and inclusivity in science that is finally being adopted today. We are delighted to present her with the Sigma Xi Gold Key Award,” announced Jamie Vernon, executive director and CEO of Sigma Xi. “It is hard to overstate Dr. Malcom’s contributions to the sciences and science education. She is a model of the values that Sigma Xi stands for,” said Sigma Xi President Robert Pennock.
Trained as a zoologist and ecologist, Malcom has played many roles in her distinguished career, including high school science teacher, university tutor, and National Science Foundation program officer. In her current role as the senior advisor and director of SEA Change at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), she heads initiatives that focus on advancing institutional transformation in support of diversity, fairness, and inclusiveness.
Malcom has been a pioneer and role model for African American women in science. Throughout her career, she has advocated for the advancement of science education for minority students at every level, from K-12 through college, graduate school, and beyond.
The symbolism of the Gold Key Award pays respect to the early days of Sigma Xi (late 1800s to early 1900s), when acceptance into the Scientific Research Honor Society was often accompanied by the presentation of a small gold key. The key represented pride in the science or engineering accomplishments of the holder. Previous receivers of the award include Walter E.Massey, Gordon E. Moore, and Norman R. Augustine.
1. Why was Dr. Malcom awarded the Sigma Xi Gold Key Award?| A．Because she was a zoologist and ecologist. |
| B．Because she worked as a high school science teacher. |
| C．Because she promoted public understanding of variety and inclusiveness in science. |
| D．Because she set up the Education and Human Resources Programmes. |
| A．Innovative and pioneering. | B．Brave and determined. |
| C．Considerate and optimistic. | D．Cautious and friendly. |
| A．Dr. Malcom has made contributions to starting institutional transformation. |
| B．Dr. Malcom has advocated for the advancement of science education for all students. |
| C．The Gold Key Award is a symbol of pride and honor in science. |
| D．There are three receivers of the Gold Key Award in total. |
| A．In a book review. | B．In a guidebook. | C．In a biography. | D．In a news report. |
7 . Frequent goodbyes to her family come hand-in-hand with Wang Yaping's tough training. This time, however, her goodbye sparked joy in her 5-year-old daughter's eyes as she was “shooting for the stars” even if this was her longest separation from her mother. Wang took part in the Shenzhou-13 crewed task on Oct. 16. She became the first woman to enter China's space station.
Born in 1980 to a farmer family in Shandong Province, Wang loved jogging and was a high-scoring forward on the basketball court in school. In 1997, Wang was encouraged to register for the pilot recruitment program by her classmates because she was good at sports. In fact, she had been considering applying to teaching college.
Given her strong build and ability to stay calm under pressure, Wang passed all tests. After four years of systemic education and tough training, Wang eventually learned to fly four different types of aircraft before graduation.
Wang Yaping's dream of becoming an astronaut was inspired by Yang Liwei's 2003 space flight. She desired to become a female going into space. In May 2010, Wang was elected as one of China's female astronauts, The joy of being selected did not last long as the even tougher training quickly sank in.
She had to stand eight times the force of gravity in a spinning centrifuge. Blood can't flow to the brain properly, causing a temporary lack of oxygen and even blindness. Wang ever volunteered to be held to the same standards as her male trainees.
Her efforts were not in vain. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou-10 space task in 2013. She earned the title of China's first space teacher after giving a space lecture to students from n orbit above the Earth's surface.
A team of Chinese university students specializing in aerospace, art, architecture and music translated universe rays into music. They said the project was inspired by Wang's live space lecture, when they were teenagers.
1. Why was Wang's daughter happy this time?| A．Wang promised to play games with her. |
| B．Wang would come back sooner than usual. |
| C．Wang's training would be less hard than before. |
| D．Wang would fly into space for an honourable task. |
| A．A teacher. | B．An astronaut. | C．An athlete. | D．A soldier. |
| A．Sociable and intelligent. | B．Determined and ambitious. |
| C．Generous and strong-willed. | D．Confident and warm-hearted |
| A．Space knowledge has been popularized in universities. |
| B．Most teenagers will choose astronauts as future occupation. |
| C．The flame for space interest has been lit in young generation. |
| D．The young project team will be successors of next space flight. |
8 . You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carson (1907-1964)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness(意识) of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.
Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present)When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator (参议员) and in 1981, the first woman to join the U. S. Supreme Court (最高法院). O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.
Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott (抵制). It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.
1. What is Jane Addams famous for in history?| A．Her social work. | B．Her teaching skills. |
| C．Her efforts to win a prize. | D．Her community background. |
| A．Not having training in law. | B．Her little work experience in court. |
| C．Her identity as a woman. | D．Her poor financial conditions. |
| A．Jane Addams. | B．Rachel Carson. |
| C．Sandra Day O’Connor. | D．Rosa Parks. |
| A．They are highly educated. | B．They are truly creative. |
| C．They are pioneers. | D．They are peace-lovers. |
9 . Yuan Longping is one of the greatest scientists in China. Having spent 50 years in agricultural (农业的) research, he has made a great contribution in solving the problem of feeding the large population of China.
Yuan Long ping’s interest in agriculture began when he was still in primary school. Though his parents wished that he could study science or medicine, Yuan Longping chose to study agriculture at university. After graduation in 1953, Yuan became a teacher in an agricultural school in a small town called Anjiang, where he stayed for 19 years. Anjiang was the place where Yuan started his Hybrid rice (杂交水稻) research and eventually developed the world –famous three-line hybrid rice.
During the period from the late 1950s to the early 1960s, China suffered from a nationwide famine (饥荒). The suffering left a deep impession on YuanLongping, and he decided to make an effort to ensure that people in the future would have enough food to eat. Since 1960, he has devoted himself to the research and development of a better rice varietal (品种). Yuan Longping’s research was not supported in the beginning. Many people did not believe he would succeed. However, with a lot of effort and research in the field, Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding (高产的) hybrid rice varietal in 1974. This rice yielded 20 percent more per unit than other rice plants, putting China in the lead in worldwide rice production.
Since then, Yuan Longping’s hybrid rice has also been grown in over 20 countries and has been attracting attention from the whole world, especially in areas at a risk from famine. Yuan Longping’s achievement is considered achievement as a victory over the threat of famine.
As he accepted his Lifetime Achievement Award in 2019, Yuan Longping said that lifetime achievement means to strive (奋斗) with all your life. He will continue to demonstrate the award through his own actions.
1. How long did it take Yuan Longping to develop the first high-yielding hybrid rice varietal?| A．14 years. | B．19 years. |
| C．20 years. | D．24 years. |
| A．Yuan will stop his research when he gets older. |
| B．Yuan’s hybrid rice helps both China and other countries. |
| C．Yuan’s research on hybrid rice was always widely supported. |
| D．Yuan became interested in agriculture when he was in university. |
a. Yuan achieved the Lifetime Achievement Award.
b. A national famine took place in China.
c. Yuan began to work as a teacher in an agricultural school.
d. Yuan’s hybrid rice started to be grown in other countries.
e. Yuan’s group developed the first high-yielding hybrid rice.
| A．c-b-e-d-a | B．c-b-a-d-e |
| C．b-c-e-d-a | D．b-c-a-d-e |
| A．Fight Against Famine. |
| B．The Three-Line Hybrid Rice. |
| C．Lifetime Achievement Award for Yuan Longping |
| D．Yuan Longping—the Father of Hybrid Rice |
1. What did John enjoy doing in his childhood?
| A．Touring France. | B．Playing outdoors. | C．Painting pictures. |
| A．He did business. | B．He studied biology. | C．He worked on a farm. |
| A．For food. | B．For pleasure. | C．For money. |
| A．American birds. | B．Natural scenery. | C．Family life. |
