Artists are continually trying to find creative ways to show their talent. Some, like Iris Scott, paint with their bare fingers. Now Turkish artist Garip Ay has become well-known worldwide by adopting Ebru, an ancient technique that allows him to create amazing paintings on water.
Believed to have originated in Central Asia in the 13th century, Ebru made its way to Turkey by the 16th century, where it was perfected. The art form remains popular in Turkey, with many painters using the technique to create attractive pieces, coveted by both collectors and tourists.
Ebru artists begin by adding some gum to water to help increase the water's viscosity(黏 度)and prevent it from mixing with the paint. The solution (溶液)is then poured into a wooden container with the same dimensions as the solid surface on which the painting will finally rest. To keep the colors afloat, and improve their ability to spread across the water's surface, some drops of ox bile(胆汁)are mixed in with each color.
To create the paintings, the artists first splash(泼洒)the paints on the water using brushes made with horsehair. They then use droppers(滴管)to carefully shape the colors and create the perfect designs. When complete,an absorbent surface, such as paper, is carefully placed on top to get the painting. Once dry, the artwork is flattened and polished by hand.
Ebru was initially used for book covers or to decorate the inside pages with wildly colorful papers. However, artists like Ay have added a modern twist by using absorbent fabrics, glass, and wood as solid surfaces.
Though Ay has created several amazing paintings since he began using Ebru in 2007, the most famous is his 2016 recreation of Vincent Van Gogh's Starry Night. Those seeking a more modern Ebru creation is pleased to know that in 2017. The artist also painted characters from the popular Netflix series, Stranger Things.
1. What does the underline word "coveted" in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．Produced. | B．Impressed. |
| C．Desired. | D．Learned. |
| A．The preparations for creating Ebru paintings. |
| B．How to mix up water and a variety of colors. |
| C．The whole process of creating Ebru paintings. |
| D．How to spread paints across the water's surface. |
| A．He makes some improvements on it. | B．He discovers it in Starry Night. |
| C．He comes up with it and spreads it. | D．He adds a traditional twist to it. |
| A．Great Artists Create a Lot of Unique Paintings |
| B．An Ancient Technique Is Used to Paint on Water |
| C．Painting on Water Becomes Possible Eventually |
| D．A Turkish Artist Is Famous for His Paintings |
相似题推荐
Country music is very old. It came from the United States, Canada, Ireland and Great Britain.
In the west of America, cowboys had to take care of the cattle. They had to watch them all day and all night because the cattle were nervous and sometimes ran away.
In the south of America, many people came from Ireland, Scotland and England. Other people came from France and Canada. They enjoyed their own kind of music.
| A．Cowboys’ life was lonely and dangerous. |
| B．It is a mixture of music from all of these places. |
| C．Country music gained popularity in the 1940s. |
| D．Country music describes life clearly. |
| E．Country music has produced two top artists. |
| F．The cattle listened to the cowboys and went to sleep. |
| G．They used guitars, violins and other musical instruments. |
【推荐2】In today’s world of fast-paced games and short videos, people are spending less and less time on things. For example, research has shown that the average visitor spends just 15 seconds on a website before moving on to other things. But the Internet is a huge and busy place, with millions of sites to choose from. You might expect people to slow down a bit more when they’re in museums full of great works of art. But you’d be wrong.
Several studies have shown that the amount of time for people to spend looking at a piece of art is ten seconds. Many people may spend more time, but not much more — the average is about 28 seconds. At the Tate Modern Museum in London, it’s even worse. People there spend an average of just eight seconds on each artwork. And in that short period of time, the visitors are also managing to do another important thing — take selfies !
In recent years museums have been working to change this behavior. Today, over 170 museums around the world are celebrating “Slow Art Day”. They are asking their visitors to spend at least 5-10 minutes looking at just one work of art. Slow Art supporters believe that when visitors spend more time looking at and studying the work of art, they admire it more. Studying a work of art for more time can also help people get a better understanding of the artist’s ideas and what the artist went through to create the work.
Most of the museums taking part in Slow Art Day are choosing just a few works for their visitors to see. Some of the museums are offering chances for visitors to talk about the artworks and share their ideas.
1. Generally speaking, people spend ______ on each piece of art in a museum.| A．8 seconds | B．10 seconds | C．15 seconds | D．28 seconds |
| A．Admiring each artwork thoroughly. | B．Taking selfies in museums busily. |
| C．Celebrating “Slow Art Day” widely. | D．Looking at each artwork hurriedly. |
| A．To attract more people to visit the museums |
| B．To stop visitors from taking selfies inside |
| C．To make people spend more time on each artwork |
| D．To give visitors an opportunity to relax themselves |
| A．Museums on the Rocks: Please Advise! |
| B．Museums: Slow down to Admire more! |
| C．Slow Art Day: a Fruit of Museums! |
| D．Museums: an Escape from the Fast-paced Life! |
【推荐3】BETHPAGE, N. Y — The Dec. 5 (2013) broadcast, starring Carrie Underwood and Stephen Moyer, was a "real experiment".
It was the first day of camera blocking for a rehearsal (排练) of National Broadcasting Company's live broadcast of the original stage version of Rodgers and Hammerstein's The Sound of Music. Inside a Long Island studio, a pop star, a group of kids and a well-known actor were rehearsing scenes on a copy of a grand estate in Salzburg, Austria.
The youngsters ran through So Long, Farewell, a tune they would perform as the children of Captain von Trapp, and the film star Stephen Moyer was cast as their widower dad, running through lines with Carrie Underwood, who was playing Maria, the bright-eyed novice (见习修女) who became the children' s tutor and, eventually, the Captain's wife. Around the corner, Broadway darling Audra McDonald, winner of five Tony Awards, performed as the Mother Abbess, Maria's guardian (监护人) . Fellow Tony winners Laura Benanti and Christian Borle — the Captain's charming companion, Elsa, and their buddy Max — were just outside the studio.
This The Sound of Music would mark the first time that a well-known Broadway musical had been performed live since a 1955 production of Peter Pan starring Mary Martin, who played Broadway's original Maria. Another Rodgers and Hammerstein's show, Cinderella, was written for the small screen, where it was performed live in 1957 — starring the young Julie Andrews, who later played Maria in the screen adaptation of The Sound of Music.
When choosing their cast, the producers were cautious about "using movie people who are used to performing take after take". "Moyer has a musical theater background," the producer Craig Zadan noted, "and Underwood has done a million live concerts."
Still, Zadan said. "There is a fear factor. There won't be auto-tuning here; if someone hits a bad note, you're going to hear it. Someone could make a mistake or forget lyrics. We're throwing them in front of a national audience, and anything may happen.
Moyer admitted, "There's no way not to feel the pressure. We've still got two weeks to go, and we're in good shape — we all know what we're doing. But, that doesn't mean that things won't go wrong, because they will. If I make a mistake, so be it. That's the challenge and the thrill of live theater. "
1. The "real experiment" in Paragraph I refers to ____________.| A．the actors and actresses working with each other for the first time |
| B．the experiment in the Long Island studio |
| C．the performance of the musical live in the theater |
| D．the updated adaptation of the original musical |
| A．Broadway's original Maria was played by Julie Andrews. |
| B．There were many famous stars in the live show. |
| C．Stephen Moyer was inexperienced in musicals. |
| D．Cinderella was another live performance produced by Craig Zadan. |
| A．unexpected problems on stage |
| B．the audience's doubtful attitude |
| C．not preparing enough tickets |
| D．actors and actresses' lack of experience |
| A．Nervous but optimistic. |
| B．Satisfied but cautious. |
| C．Relaxed but doubtful. |
| D．Puzzled but enthusiastic. |
Several teens are talking about this. Most of them are unhappy and worried. But Chris is not. He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two “little people” and some cheese.
The four are in a maze looking for the cheese. Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college. But they find the cheese is gone. The mice realize that they can’t change what has happened and have to find more cheese. This means finding different dreams. The little people, however, can’t do this. They are afraid of change so they find no cheese.
After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing: to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly. His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself.
1. The book Who Moved My Cheese is __________.
| A．written all over the world | B．read across the world |
| C．sold only in America | D．loved only by teens |
| A．Never change in our life. | B．Change whenever you like . |
| C．Change with the changes. | D．Pay attention to the changes, |
| A．mice and little people | B．students |
| C．cheese | D．readers |
| A．mice | B．little people | C．Chris | D．Spence Johnson |
【推荐2】There are many things we remember from our childhood—the games we played, the music we listened to, but what about earning pocket money? This was our first ever wage for completing tasks such as tidying our bedroom or sorting the laundry. Our reward was a handful of coins that we safely hid away. But now, it seems parents’ attitude to handing out cash is changing.
There was a time when cash was king—it was the main currency for financial deals. These days, though, using credit or debit cards, or making contactless payments, are the most convenient ways of paying. So where does that leave handing over pocket money? Research has found that 84% of British parents currently give notes and coins to their children— typically an allowance of £7 a week.
But banks predict that by 2028 only one in ten deals will be with cash, and that is something that today’s children will have to deal with. One particular issue is that children may not understand the value of cash because they never see it. Parents face difficult choices too— finding a new way to transfer pocket money, or maybe not bothering to pay it at all.
Giving children lessons about finance at school is important. Children should be provided with financial literacy at an early age. That is vital to ensure proper money management skills later in life, such as setting a realistic budget, responsibly managing credit and debt, saving for unexpected expenses. The UK’s Money and Pensions Service advises parents to get children started with money as young as possible. Sarah Porretta from the service told the BBC that for parents who no longer carry cash, “The trick is to go and get some cash, just so your children have the opportunity to interact with them. Talk about what you are doing with money. If you are paying with a card or with a phone, talk to children about that and link it back to those coins they have handled.”
But, of course, many of the goods that young people want to buy—such as add-ons for a computer game—only allow digital deals. This has led to a number of apps being set up that allow children to track and spend their hard-earned pocket money and parents to transfer money electronically and monitor their child’s spending. Banks also suggest setting up accounts for older children which gives them a cash card to use. But whatever method a parent chooses to adopt, they need to teach their kids that money doesn’t grow on trees!
1. What can you learn from the passage?| A．The custom of giving children pocket money is disappearing. |
| B．Banks predict people will pay most of the deals in cash by 2028. |
| C．It isn’t necessary for children to experience the course of using cash. |
| D．Cash-free payments are convenient ways of purchasing goods these days. |
| A．digital deal |
| B．cash payment |
| C．financial literacy |
| D．pocket money |
| A．offer chances for children to use cash |
| B．no longer carry cash when they go out |
| C．play some tricks with kids using the coins |
| D．play cards and make phone calls with children |
| A．To stress the importance of paying in cash. |
| B．To introduce the development of pocket money. |
| C．To explain why the ways of payment are changing. |
| D．To develop children’s awareness of money management. |
【推荐3】On an early winter morning, as roosters crow to greet the dawn, and a wisp of smoke rises above the farmhouse roof, villagers in South China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have started a busy day ahead of the Spring Festival.
“We’ve kept a running list of deals and ingredients for the big dinner on New Year’s Eve”, said 32-year-old Pan Zaoxiang in Longji township. Dressed in her holiday best — the traditional clothing of the Yao ethnic group, Pan was born and raised in Dazhai village, located in the core area of the famous tourist attraction of Longji Rice Terraces (梯田).
The village has been named among the Best Tourism Villages of 2022 by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) for its breathtaking agricultural view, but Pan said they used to struggle to make ends meet. Surrounded by mountains, Dazhai village was very hard to get to, with only one narrow mud path zigzagging down the hills. Daily necessities and products for farm work could only be delivered by carts. “When I was a child, I longed for the outside world, but that usually took a day and a night to reach the nearest downtown on foot,” said Pan.
Facing the harsh living conditions and the deteriorating ecological environment, the Dazhai villagers turned to the mountains and the massive land cultivated by the elder generations. By cooperating with tourism companies from the tourist city Guilin, villagers became stakeholders (股东) in developing the land into a unique terraced landscape. “My family plants nearly 10,000 mu of rice on the terraced fields, and that means a year-end bonus of over 10,000 yuan,” Pan said.
Villagers like Pan also sniffed out the growing business opportunities in catering and accommodation as more visitors poured in. During this year’s Spring Festival, around 230 homestays across the village are expected to be fully booked, said Yu Qiongtong, Party chief of Dazhai. “I have prepared an abundance of local cuisines and specialties such as sausages, chilies, and sticky rice in bamboo to welcome tourists during the upcoming new year,” Pan said.
Celebrations and various kinds of activities will also be held to present the rich history of the Yao ethnic group. Tourists from home and abroad have great interest not only in the beautiful landscape but the culture, said Pan.
1. What makes Dazhai village the Best Tourism Village of 2022?| A．The mountains. | B．The terraced fields. | C．The natural scenery. | D．The zigzagging mud path. |
| A．By following the time order. | B．By making comparison. |
| C．By analyzing causes. | D．By giving examples. |
| A．Villagers in Dazhai live on agriculture and related businesses. |
| B．Villagers in Dazhai built a prosperous hometown all on their own. |
| C．The culture of Dazhai village plays a minor role in attracting tourists. |
| D．Dazhai village currently has one way of transportation to the outside world. |
| A．Dazhai Village Thrives on Tourism. | B．Dazhai Village Became Commercialized. |
| C．Dazhai Villagers Turned into Stakeholders. | D．Dazhai Villagers Prepare for the New Year. |
【推荐1】Music
Opera at Music Hall: 1243 Elm Street The season runs June through August, with additional performances in March and September. The Opera honors Enjoy the Arts membership discounts. Phone: 241-2742.
http://www.cityopera.com
Chamber Orchestra: The Orchestra plays at Memorial Hall at 106 Elm Street, which offers several conceits from March through June. Gall 723-1182 for more information.
http://www.chamberorch.com.
Symphony Orchestra: At Music Hall and Riverbend. For ticket sales, call 381-3300. Regular season runs September through May at Music Hall in summer al Riverbend.
http://www.symphony.org/honie.asp.
College Conservatory Of Music (CCM): Performances are on the main campus of the university, usually at Patricia Cobbett Theater. CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quarter, CMM's Philharmonic Orchesira, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. Students with I.D. cards can attend the events for free. A free schedule of events for each term is available by coiling the box office at 556-4183.
http://www.ccm. uc.edu/events/calendar.
Rivebent Music Theater.6295 Kellogg Ave« Large outdoor theater with the closest seats under cover (price difference). Big name shows all summer long! Phone:232-6220.
http://www.riverbendmusic.com
1. Which number should you call if you want to nee an opera?| A．241-2742. | B．723-1182. |
| C．381-3300. | D．232-6220. |
| A．February. | B．May. |
| C．August | D．November. |
| A．Music Hall. | B．Memorial Hall. |
| C．Patricia Cobbett Theater. | D．Riverbend Music Theater. |
| A．It has seats in the open air. | B．It gives shows all yew round. |
| C．It offers membership discounts. | D．It presents famous musical works. |
【推荐2】A woman from America has managed to train her beloved dog Stella how to talk. Sadly, the dog can't speak, but it can communicate basic commands by pressing buttons of a soundboard( 发生板). Stella's owner Christina started using the technology when the dog was just eight weeks old. Now Stella is 18 months old and can say 29 words.
“The way she uses words to communicate and the words she's combining are really similar to a 2-year-old child. Unsurprisingly, the dog's favorite word is"walk' fallowed closely by ‘beach’”, Christina said.
Stella's progress was updated online. “Today when she heard some noises outside and wanted to investigate, I told her we were staying inside,” said Christina. “Stella responded by saying, ‘Look’ 9 times in a row, and then ‘Come outside’. She was clearly in a more frantic （发狂似的）state, and her language use matched that. And I'm impressed that Stella is communicating with language during her more heightened state, not just when she’s calm and in a quiet space. This shows that words are becoming more automatic for her to use.
Stella surprised Christina when Stella was standing by the door and whimpering（呜咽）one day. After a bit of pacing back and forth，the dog went over to the soundboard and said “Want”, “Jake” and “Come”, saying that she wanted Christina’ s husband Jake to come home. In about 15 minutes, Jake walked through the door and Stella said the word “Happy”. Christina hopes to expand Stella’ s vocabulary in the future to see just how many phrases the dog can master.
1. What do we know about the soundboard?| A．It includes 29 buttons. | B．It is Stella’ s favorite toy. |
| C．It is invented by Christina. | D．it is used to help Stella talk. |
| A．Taking a walk. | B．Going to the beach. |
| C．Talking with kids. | D．Looking after babies. |
| A．Stella disliked staying at home. |
| B．Stella and Christina had a quarrel |
| C．Stella' s language skills were improved. |
| D．Stella made noises to draw people’s attention. |
| A．Her soundboard was broken. | B．She was punished by Christina. |
| C．Her owner didn’t play with her. | D．She failed to see Jake that day. |
【推荐3】Adam was an orphan. He worked in a factory and every day he got a little money. Hard work made him thin and weak. He wanted to borrow a lot of money to learn to paint pictures, but he did not think he could pay off the debts.
One day a lawyer came and said to him, “One thousand dollars, and here is the money.” As Adam took the huge package of notes, he was very shocked. He didn’t know where the money came from and how to spend so much of it. Later he thought to himself, “What could I do with it? If it were a little less money, I would buy a new coat, or give a dinner to my friends. If it were more, I could give up the work and pay for painting pictures. But it’s too much for the first and too little for the second.”
“Here is the reading of your uncle’s will,” said the lawyer, “telling what is to be done with this money after his death. I must ask you to remember one point. Your uncle has said you must bring me a paper showing exactly what you did with his money, as soon as you have spent it.”
“Yes, I see. I’ll do that.” said the young man.
1. Which one of the statements is true? ________| A．Adam was in debt. | B．Adam worked abroad. |
| C．Adam paid off the debts. | D．Adam wanted to learn something. |
| A．the money was too much | B．the money was too little |
| C．he would be dismissed | D．the lawyer meant to cheat him. |
| A．planned to have a happy life for a few days | B．decided to give up his work in the office |
| C．was to give a dinner to his friends | D．had no idea what to do |
| A．working in the factory | B．painting pictures |
| C．living in a fine hotel | D．saving the money |
【推荐1】Paper-cut is a very special visual art of Chinese handicrafts. One saying is that it originated from the religious ceremonies or offering sacrifices (祭祀). The ancient people cut papers into animals or people. They either buried them with the dead or burned them on the funerals (葬礼), wishing things that paper stood for could be with the dead. Later, they were used during festivals to decorate gates and windows. After hundreds of years' progress, now they have become a very popular means of decoration among country folk, especially women.
It is easy to learn about cutting a piece of paper but very difficult to master it with perfection. Beginners need only a knife and paper. For craftsman, they need knives and gravers of various types to make complicated (复杂的) patterns. It can be one piece of paper or many pieces. Simple patterns can be cut with a knife. For complicated patterns, people first pasted(粘贴)the pattern on the paper and then used various kinds of knives to make it. No mistake can be made during the process otherwise the work would fail.
Paper cutting covers nearly all topics, from flowers, birds, animals, admirable people, figures in classic novels, to types of facial make-up in Peking opera. Paper cutting has various styles in different parts of China.
In the past, women living in the countryside gathered in their free time to make paper cutting, which is a way to judge their skillfulness. As society develops, fewer and fewer people learn this skill while there are some who still regard it as a profession. At present, there are factories and associations for paper cutting in China. Exhibitions and exchanges are held regularly and books of this kind are published. Paper cutting has changed from decoration to a kind of art. At the same time, paper cutting also appears in cartoons, on stage, in magazines or in TV series.
1. What may be the origin of paper-cut according to the text?| A．Special visual art. | B．Ancient story. | C．Traditional customs. | D．Religious activities. |
| A．Becoming a paper cutting artist is very easy. |
| B．Making a perfect paper cutting needs great patience and skill. |
| C．Paper cutting is limited to some topics. |
| D．Paper cutting in different parts of China has similar styles. |
| A．More and more people regard paper cutting as a profession. |
| B．Paper cutting is in danger of disappearing in the future. |
| C．Paper cutting is a way to judge a woman's skill. |
| D．Paper cutting as an art form is still very popular today. |
| A．A special kind of art form in China. | B．Some ancient religious ceremonies. |
| C．Various things are made of paper. | D．Decoration of festivals in ancient China. |
【推荐2】Cecilia Chiang, whose San Francisco restaurant, the Mandarin, introduced American diners in the 1960s to the richness and variety of authentic Chinese cuisine, died on Wednesday at her home in San Francisco.
Ms. Chiang was not a chef, nor was she a likely candidate to run a restaurant. She was born near Shanghai in 1920 as the seventh daughter in a wealthy family. After her parents died, Cecilia managed the businesses' finances while still in her teens.
Ms. Chiang came to the United States from China to flee the Japanese during World War Ⅱ, traveling nearly 700 miles on foot. Once in San Francisco, she met two Chinese acquaintances who wanted to open a restaurant. Ms. Chiang agreed to put up a huge deposit. But when the two women quit, Ms. Chiang found to her honor that the deposit was not refundable（可退还的）. She took a deep breath and decided to open the restaurant herself. "I began to think that if I could create a restaurant with Western-style service and the dishes that I was most familiar with -the delicious food of northern China — maybe my little restaurant would succeed," she wrote in her book.
The Mandarin , which was opened in 1962 as a 65 -seat restaurant, introduced customers to mainly Sichuan9 Shanghai and Canton dishes. The early days were difficult. But little by little, Chinese diners, and a few Americans, came regularly. Overnight the tables filled and became a huge success.
Ms. Chiang continued to work as a restaurant consultant into her 90s. " I think I changed what average people know about Chinese food," Mrs. Chiang wrote. "They didn't know China was such a big country. "
1. When did Ms. Chiang start to manage the businesses' finances?| A．In the 1920s. | B．In the 1930s. | C．In the 1950s. | D．In the 1960s. |
| A．When Ms. Chiang came to the US. | B．How Ms. Chiang earned her deposit. |
| C．What Ms. Chiang wrote in her book. | D．Why Ms. Chiang opened her restaurant. |
| A．It survived the early hardships. | B．It provided all kinds of Chinese dishes. |
| C．It could seat less than 60 people at first. | D．It attracted many Americans once opened. |
| A．Smart but stubborn. | B．Devoted and brave. |
| C．Adventurous but careless. | D．Enthusiastic and ambitious. |
【推荐3】We've all spent time in a hospital, whether through medical issues of our own or those of a loved one. And while we're used to seeing the doctors hurry in and out of the room, displaying varying degrees of attention, it's the constant and reliable presence of the nursing staff and their professionalism that gives the most confidence and relief to those in the room.
So, while doctors and surgeons tend to get most spotlight, nurses are really at the forefront of patient care. They are often called upon to make important, life-saving decisions multiple times a day and work closely with doctors to analyze records and test results to advise on treatment. It's the nurses that are frequently responsible for identifying a condition and matching the right specialist doctor to a patient, and it's the nurses that are often the first on the scene to treat people in an emergency.
A career in Nursing brings job security, a good wage, career mobility, and chance to decide your own career path. You can work part or full time according to your preference. You can be flexible on work location and specialism. If a particular area interests you, you can explore that as there will always be the need for quality nurses across the medical spectrum(医学光谱)with a passion for their work. Jobs in the field are in high demand, with significant opportunities to learn, grow and reach senior leadership positions. However, if you want to undertake a career in Nursing, a good education is compulsory.
The University of Texas at El Paso School of Nursing offers high quality and affordable undergraduate and graduate programs reinforced by talented faculty(全体教师), strong clinical partnerships and advanced simulation(模拟)technology. Students do gain much real experience before working in a hospital. Adelphi's College of Nursing and Public Health provides students with a top-rated, comprehensive education grounded in practice, theory and creativity. They are devoted to transforming students' lives through small classes with world-class faculty, hands-on learning and creative ways to support academic and career success. The Wayne State University College of Nursing, attaching special importance to first-hand experience, is dedicated to providing the highest quality education to a diverse population of graduate students. Graduates from the college are prepared to be nurse leaders in research, education and practice.
1. What can comfort patients most in the hospital?| A．Spending less time there. |
| B．Receiving concrete care from nurses. |
| C．Drawing little attention there. |
| D．Getting timely information from doctors. |
| A．The content of different positions. |
| B．The process of patient care. |
| C．The importance of nursing work. |
| D．The contribution of doctors. |
| A．Low-paid and secure. |
| B．Promising and significant. |
| C．Flexible and tiresome. |
| D．Demanding and dangerous. |
| A．They charge high learning fees. |
| B．They offer small-class teaching. |
| C．They require basic nursing education. |
| D．They provide hands-on learning. |
