Have you ever seen a teenager or an adult riding a small bike? Perhaps it had posts sticking out from both sides of the wheels.
BMX(自行车越野) bikes have a lightweight frame and smaller wheels than other bikes.
| A．where did the thrilling sport start? |
| B．BMX racing is the original form of BMX. |
| C．They are designed to be fast and user - friendly. |
| D．It is more than a sport with multiple disciplines. |
| E．Today BMX is known as a sport for the risk-takers. |
| F．What you saw was likely not a children's bike, but a BMX bike! |
| G．Riders of this style of BMX use posts sticking out of their bike wheels. |
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【推荐1】Lia Thomas, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, is an excellent swimmer. She often beats her rivals by tens of seconds, breaking records. Her success is based on three things. One is natural talent. Another is relentless training. And the third is biology. For although she identifies as a woman, Ms Thomas was born male. Since humans cannot change their sex, she remains that way.
On the eve of her biggest competition, Ms Thomas finds herself at the centre of the bad-tempered debate about whether trans-women -- males who identify as women -- should compete in women’s sports. That, in turn, is part of a broader argument: should brute biological facts sometimes override people’s deeply held feelings about their identities?
This newspaper believes it is almost always unfair to allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports. The advantages of male are so big that no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome them. Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metre world record has stood for three decades. A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final. In 2016, at an American event for high-schoolers, four of the eight boys in the 100-metre final ran faster.
Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean that trans-women would be barred from all sports. One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones. The first would be open to all comers. The second would be restricted on the basis of biology.
Sport is public, and results can be measured objectively. That means the argument that the material facts of biology should sometimes outrank a person’s subjective sense of identity is easier to make. Some of these arguments will be twisted by those who wish trans-people ill. Such prejudice exists, which should be resisted, too. Most of the time, it costs little or nothing to respect people’s choices about how they wish to present themselves. In the rare cases where rights clash, society must weigh the trade-offs sensitively and with open eyes.
1. Which of the following is NOT the reason for Lia’s success?| A．She is a genius in swimming. |
| B．She devotes herself to swimming around the clock. |
| C．She has undergone physical enhancement tailored to swimming. |
| D．Her physical features afford her advantages. |
| A．outweigh | B．complicate | C．dominate | D．eliminate |
| A．no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome their identities. |
| B．women’s records pale in comparison with those of male high-schoolers’. |
| C．in the case of trans-women, being inclusive shouldn’t matter more than fairness. |
| D．the gender physical gap which is next to impossible for females to conquer. |
| A．The Legal Rights of Trans-women |
| B．The Balance between Respect and Fairness |
| C．Transgender Athletes in the Olympics |
| D．How to Appropriately Categorize the Olympics |
【推荐2】Every racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners． Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys （赛马骑师） and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．
Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．But in medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．
Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．
Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，another mathematician， took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．
The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)， a medium one (1,900 meters)， and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction from the track surface．
The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can be devastating as well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．
1. What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?| A．Make a good start． | B．Plan for the race early． |
| C．Run slowly on the starting line． | D．Try running quickly all the time． |
| A．The experience and data from previous horse races． |
| B．The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities． |
| C．The success in studying runners' winning strategies． |
| D．The performance of horses on different race distances． |
| A．Boring． | B．Damaging． | C．Astonishing． | D．Puzling． |
| A．Runners have the same energy output of muscles． |
| B．Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race． |
| C．What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses． |
| D．World champion runners made a contribution to the study． |
【推荐3】The Olympic Games are well known and always receive the world’s attention, but there has been another little-known Olympic event in the UK for hundreds of years. And it’s an event which some say helped start the Olympic movement in this country. The Cotswold Olimpicks take place every year on a Friday in spring. They are held in a village in England known as the Cotswolds. It isn’t clear when the first event took place but some say it was as early as 1612.
The Cotswold Olimpicks were the idea of a lawyer called Robert Dover but no one knows exactly why he organized the games. Some people say he wanted to encourage people to support their king and country. Another explanation is that Dover was keen (渴望的) to bring people together, in particular the rich and poor from the local community. Whatever the reason was, the early games quickly became popular. People competed in familiar activities such as horse-racing running, jumping, and wrestling; famous people of the time attended them and poets wrote about the celebrations. It is even said that Shakespeare mentioned the Cotswold Olimpicks in The Merry Wives of Windsor, though the play may have been written some time before the first games.
As the Cotswold Olimpicks grew in popularity, a group of people known as the Puritans (清教徒) started to object to them for religious reasons, saying they encouraged bad behaviour. The games came to an end at the start of the English Civil War but in 1660 they were re-introduced. Over time they became more and more popular and there are records of 30,000 people attending in one year. However, the games also attracted people who were more interested in the celebrations than the sporting events. Finally, they came to an end once again in 1852. However, this was not the end of the Cotswold Olimpicks. They were re-introduced again in 1966 and have since been recognized by the British Olympic Committee. Out of respect to their history, the modern games are watched over by a man dressed as Sir Robert Dover, riding on horseback an accompanied by a representative of King James I, Unlike the real Olympic Games, the Cotswold Olimpicks have only about two hours and they are followed by celebrations in the village.
1. What can we learn about the Cotswold Olimpicks?| A．They last as long as the Olympic Games. |
| B．They are held in different seasons in different years |
| C．They are closely connected with celebrations |
| D．They are held at the same place as the Olympic Games. |
| A．celebrities of the time liked Shakespeare’s plays |
| B．the Cotswold Olimpicks were well received at the time |
| C．the Cotswold Olimpicks were as famous as Shakespeare’s plays |
| D．poets of the time liked to take part in the Cotswold Olimpicks games |
| A．Robert Dover |
| B．King James |
| C．the British Olympic Committee |
| D．the English Civil War |
