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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:125 题号:10490107

With their long histories, the United Kingdom’s universities have earned reputation and become favored destinations for many international students. However, while many people dream of attending these institutions, a growing number of the schools have fallen victim to cheating scandals (丑闻) in recent years.

The Telegraph reported that investigations for cheating have risen at Leeds University, from 127 in 2014/15 to 516 last year. Over the same period, cases at Queen Mary University of London increased from 104 to 248, and Nottingham University tripled to 514.

The increase has been linked to the rise of essay mills (论文作坊). These are companies that, for a fee, provide original essays, written by real people, for specific university assignments. Widely advertised on social media, these essay mills target those who struggle with their university workloads.

Even though many students have the ability to complete work on their own, it is believed that the pressure of too many deadlines and a lack of discipline encourage them to use essay mills.

In response, many universities have introduced new measures, such as oral exams to test students’ knowledge of assignments and subject areas. New software is also helping catch cheaters. Currently, most UK universities use Turnitin to check assignments for plagiarism (剽窃). Now it is being used to analyze students’ natural writing styles. This way, it may detect abnormal changes in their written assignments.

Despite the risks, essay mills seem like an easy ticket to a degree. However, a majority do not deliver the A+ essays they promise, and students are vulnerable to being cheated and blackmail (敲诈). According to the BBC, multiple Coventry University students were blackmailed up to $5,000 (35,190 yuan) after using an essay-writing service last year.

A Nottingham University spokesman told the Guardian, “The best way to deal with essay mills is for the government to legislate (立法) against them and block their webpages at a national level.”

Currently, these sites are legal in the UK, but other countries, including New Zealand and Australia, have banned them altogether. Students in Australia could even face two years in jail and a $210,000 fine if found guilty of cheating.

1. Why do many students turn to essay mills, according to the writer?
A.Because they want to pay for top marks.
B.Because essay mills are popular on social media.
C.Because they find college work is too difficult.
D.Because they have heavy workloads and they are undisciplined.
2. The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “_______”.
A.knowing little about something
B.paying close attention to something
C.well prepared for something
D.likely to suffer from something
3. What is the best way to deal with essay mills, according to the Nottingham University spokesman?
A.The government should make laws to ban them.
B.Students found guilty of cheating should be put into jail.
C.Teachers should change the way of testing their students.
D.Universities should better manage their campus websites.
4. What is the main idea of the article?
A.The increase of cheating at UK universities.
B.The rise of essay mills in the UK.
C.Pressures faced by students in the UK.
D.Attitudes toward plagiarism in different countries.

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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了垃圾电话推销的危害以及如何远离电信诈骗。

【推荐1】How to Stop Spam Calls for Good

If you made a list of the little things that bothered you the most, phone call scams would no doubt be at the top. Telemarketers, or more often, automated robot-callers, have tricks for interrupting you at the worst possible moment.     1    

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Sign up for the National Do Not Call Registry

Your first move: Join the Federal Trade Commission’s National Do Not Call Registry. You can get on the list by calling 1-888-382-1222 from the phone number you want to register.     3     To date, the agency has taken 51 legal actions against companies and telemarketers, recovering $112 million.

Use spam-filtering apps and tech

    4     A spam-filtering app can give you a second layer of protection and is a good add-on to your overall smartphone security. The app’s makers maintain a large database of user-reported robocalls. When one of those numbers dials you, the app blocks the phone from ringing and informs you the call is spam. Genius!

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You probably know that a caller who insists you owe money to the IRS or says you’ll be arrested if you don’t settle a debt is a scammer. But your 10-year-old kid and your older parents and grandparents may be tricked. And remember: Knowing how to stop spam calls is just one step toward avoiding scams; don’t forget to explain how to stop spam texts to your loved ones, too.

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F.They’re annoying, but that’s not the only reason you should know how to stop spam calls.
G.The National Do Not Call Registry will prevent a lot of unwanted calls, but it won’t stop all of them.
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【推荐2】Earth is home to around 7,000 languages, around half of which are expected to disappear by 2100. Languages disappear for many reasons. Sometimes younger generations stop learning a language because parents want children to fit in.     1     Native American children of the late-19th century were required to attend boarding schools where educators forbade them from speaking their native languages.

The United Nations ranks endangered languages according to their risk level. For example, a “critically endangered” language is one that even grandparents don’t speak often. New York’s Onondaga language is an example with only 50 speakers left. An “extinct” language has no speakers. It is gone forever. Alaska’s Eyak language is one example.     2    

Various animals and plants benefit our environment. In the same way, different languages contribute to cultural diversity.     3     Languages can show how a society looks at the world and what it values. A language may describe something in a way that is funny, too. In Welsh, it rains not cats and dogs , but old wives and walking sticks.

The Endangered Language Alliance wants to save languages from disappearing.     4     However, its efforts are limited. If an endangered language is going to make a real comeback, it’ll probably get its start in schools. For nearly 100 years, public schools in Hawaii did not teach the Hawaiian language. Now students can keep learning in Hawaiian from elementary schools to college and beyond.

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【推荐3】Are you right-handed or left-handed? Have you ever wondered why?

With 10% of all humans being left-handed, lefties have been looked down upon as being unlucky. In the past, left-handers were thought to be strange, and left-handedness was thought to be caused by how anxious a pregnant (怀孕的) woman was during her pregnancy. However, we might now be closer to discovering the genetic reasons behind handedness.

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4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A.Right-handers are better than left-handers.
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C.Handedness is decided by the white matter of the brain.
D.There is a connection between handedness and genes.
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