I. M. Pei, one of the best-known architects of the 20th century, has died. He was 102. Born in China, Ieoh Ming Pei moved to the United States in 1935 to study architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University.
Pei’s works around the world include museums, government buildings, hotels, schools and other structures built with stone, steel and glass. One of his best-known and most disputed works was built 30 years ago. Pei created a new entrance for the world-famous Louvre Museum in Paris. Pei first spent four months studying the museum and French history. He then drew plans for a 21-meter-tall steel and glass id, with three smaller pyramids nearby. It was a very futuristic style of work for the 12th-century building.
A French newspaper criticized Pei’s pyramids as “an annex to Disneyland”. An environmental group said they belonged in a desert. Others accused Pei of ruining one of the world’s greatest landmarks.
Pei said the Louvre was the most difficult job of his career. He argued that he had wanted to create a modern space that would not take away from the traditional part of the museum. He said the glass pyramids were based on the works of French landscape architect Le Notre. They honored French history.
The pyramids opened in the spring of 1989. Over the years that followed, the structure came to be loved by most, if not all, of its critics.
Other well-known Pei buildings include the John F. Kennedy Library in Dorchester, Massachusetts, the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, the East Wing of the National Gallery of Art in Washington and the Dallas City Hall in Texas. Pei officially retired in 1990. However, he continued to work on projects—including museums in Luxembourg, Qatar and his ancestral home of Suzhou.
1. What is true about the entrance created by Pei for the Louvre Museum?A.Pei spent four mouths drawing plans for it. | B.There are four pyramids in total. |
C.It’s in a style of the 12th century. | D.It took 30 years to complete the work. |
A.The glass pyramids were originally designed by Le Notre. |
B.The glass pyramids were based on the French landscape. |
C.The glass pyramids were in harmony with the Louvre. |
D.The glass pyramids reflected both French and Chinese style. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Puzzled. |
C.Critical. | D.Favorable. |
A.He was hardworking, optimistic and easygoing. |
B.He spread Chinese traditional architecture to the world. |
C.He created many great works both in China and other countries. |
D.He was the most outstanding architect of the 20th century. |
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【推荐1】To find out what’s involved in the process of reproducing human voices, I approached Speech Morphing, a natural language speech synthesis(合成) company, about creating a digital double of my own voice.
Given the complexities of speech synthesis, it’s quite a shock to find out just how easy it is to order one up. For a basic conversational model, all I have to do is record myself saying a few hundreds of phrases for roughly an hour. The phrases seem very random: “That’s what Carnegie did. ” “I’d like to be buried under Yankee Stadium with JFK.” And so on.
But they aren’t as random as they appear. “We choose spoken words that will produce a wide enough variety of sounds across a range of emotions, such as sadness and anger, to feed an AI training system. It then teaches itself the specific patterns of a person’s speech,” says Speech Morphing founder Fathy Yassa.
Yassa says there are around 20 tones to choose from, and some of these can be used interchangeably, or not at all. “Not every tone is needed for every client,” he says. “The choice depends on the target application and use cases. Banking is different from reporting and broadcasting.”
The possibilities for my digital double are almost limitless. At a training session with Speech Morphing, I get to hear my digital voice double. Her voice comes at me through a pair of speakers connected to a laptop. The laptop has software into which whatever text I want it to say is typed. The software includes tools to make adjustments to the tone, speed and other vocal features that might need to be adjusted if my digital double doesn’t come out sounding exactly right.
“We can already make you sound sad. We can also make you act like you’re reporting and broadcasting now,” Yassa says. “We can make you sound like acting in the theatre, eventually, though we’re not yet there. It is too advanced.”
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.The steps of data processing. | B.The goal of the experiment. |
C.The process of data collecting. | D.The complexities of speech. |
A.It must cover different kinds of strange topics. |
B.The sounds can express a wide range of feelings. |
C.Every person needs to produce around 20 tones. |
D.It has to be collected according to strict guidelines. |
A.A typing software. | B.A pair of louder speakers. |
C.A recording machine. | D.A speech reproducing system. |
A.Acting. | B.Reporting. | C.Broadcasting. | D.Banking. |
【推荐2】Jonathan the tortoise, the world’s oldest land animal, turned 190 over the weekend on the island of St. Helena, where he enjoyed a “cake” of leafy greens, seasonal fruits and vegetables, including carrots carved into the number “190”.
Jonathan was brought to St. Helena from the Seychelles in 1882 as a gift. According to Guinness World Records, Jonathan surpassed the previous record holder, Tu’i Malila, who lived in the 1770s until 1965 and could be even older. He arrived in St. Helena as a fully mature tortoise, meaning he was at least 50 in 1882.
“The vet is still feeding him by hand once a week to boost his calories, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, as he is blind and has no sense of smell. His hearing, however, is excellent and he enjoys the company of humans, and responds well to his vet Joe Hollins’ voice as he associates him with a feast.” Guinness World Records said.
“The tortoise enjoys the sun but on very hot days takes to the shade. On mild days, he will sunbathe his long neck and legs stretched fully out of his shell to absorb heat and transfer it to his core,” says Hollins. When it’s cold, Jonathan has been known to “dig himself into leaf mold or grass cuttings and remain there all day.”
In most cases, the lifespan of a tortoise or turtle depends on the species and level of care they receive. Generally, they live much longer in captivity (圈养) than in the wild, because in the wild, they must find their own food in addition to avoiding meeting predators while not getting medical treatment. Larger turtle and tortoise species also tend to live longer than smaller ones. Click here for more information about animal record holders.
1. In which year might Jonathan be born?A.In 1882. | B.In1832. |
C.In 1965. | D.In 1770. |
A.Jonathan had a birthday cake made of fruits, vegetables, and meat. |
B.Jonathan was born and raised on the island of St. Helena. |
C.Jonathan is a very old but healthy tortoise with full senses. |
D.Jonathan is the Guinness World holder of the oldest land animal. |
A.Species differences. | B.Food shortage. |
C.Lack of medical treatment. | D.Animal enemies. |
A.In a biology textbook. | B.On a news website. |
C.In a science fiction. | D.In a travel brochure. |
【推荐3】The term culture now is more used to describe everything from the fine arts to the outlook of a business group or a sports team. In its original sense, however, culture includes all identifying aspects of a racial group, nation, or empire: its physical environment, history, and traditions, its social rules and economic structure, and its religious beliefs and arts.
The central beliefs and customs of a group are handed down from one generation to another. It is for this reason that most people regard culture as learned rather than innate. People acquire a culture because they are not born with one. The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods, accented speech, or an outlook on the world over time, therefore, is known as enculturation (文化适应).
Cultures are often identified by their symbols — images that are familiar and coated with meaning. Totem poles (图腾柱) carved with animals and creative figures suggest aspects of the Native American peoples of the Pacific Northwest but more literally represent specific tribes (部落). In Asia and India, the color of yellow is connected with temples while in ancient China it was a color only the emperor’s family was allowed to wear. Thus, different cultures may respond to a symbol quite differently. For example, to some a flag may represent pride, historical accomplishments, or ideals; to others, however, it can mean danger or oppression.
To individuals unfamiliar with cultures outside their own, the beliefs, behaviors, and artistic expression of other groups can seem strange and even threatening. A society that ranks all other cultures against its own standards is considered to be ethnocentric (from the Greek ethnos, meaning “people,” and kentros, meaning “center”). A strongly ethnocentric society assumes also that what is different from its own culture is likely to be inferior and, possibly, wrong or evil.
All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and some aspects of ethnocentrism, such as national pride, contribute to a well-functioning society. An appreciation for one’s own culture, however, does not prevent acceptance and respect for another culture. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups in which people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. Extreme ethnocentrism, in contrast, can lead to racism — the belief that it is race and racial origin that account for variations in human character or ability and that one’s own race is superior to all others.
1. The underlined word “innate” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ________.A.avoidable | B.developed | C.instinctive | D.managed |
A.Culture consists of some positive features of a racial group, nation or empire |
B.Different interpretations of a symbol help to distinguish one culture from another |
C.An ethnocentric country opens welcoming arms to cultures different from its own |
D.People from various cultural backgrounds often reach an agreement on some image |
A.All aspects of ethnocentrism can produce negative effects on a society. |
B.Respect and acceptance of different cultures are a proper cultural attitude. |
C.Racism is unlikely to bring about serious conflicts among different cultures. |
D.Countries with a strong sense of national pride play a superior role in the world. |
A.Culture, a Faithful Mirror of History |
B.Culture, the Origin of Racial Superiority |
C.Culture, the Vigor of World Development |
D.Culture, a Distinctive Identity of a Nation |
【推荐1】M-U-R-R-A-Y-A is the word that pushed Zaila Avant garde, 15, to victory in the 2021 Scripps National Spelling Bee. The annual event took place in July, 2021, in Florida.
After correctly spelling Murraya, which is a type of flowering tree, Zaila became the first Black American contestant ever to win the national title. She is the second Black winner, after Jody-Anne Maxwell of Jamaica, who won the bee in 1998.
Since 1925, the Scripps spelling bee has promoted literacy. Competing in the event helps students improve their spelling, increase their vocabularies and develop self-confidence.
Zaila, who is from Harvey, Louisiana, put in a lot of work to become the top speller. She studied for two years. ”I worked with a tutor and studied some days up to seven hours,“ she said.
In addition to being an award-winning speller, Zaila enjoys juggling, playing basketball and inspiring other students. ”Whether I’m studying for spelling bees or playing basketball,“ she said, ”the main motivation for me is to inspire others.“
In the months following her spelling bee win, Zaila made several television appearances. She was also named the 2021 SportsKid of the Year by Sports Illustrated.
The rising star is not finished. She has big goals for the future. “I’d like to play basketball at Harvard, play in the WNBA, become a head coach in the WNBA, and work for NASA,” she said.
Zaila’s parents introduced her to basketball when she was a young child. After receiving a copy of the Guinness Book of World Records on her eighth birthday, she set her sights on becoming a record holder. “When I looked in the book,” she said, “I decided that I wanted to be in it.” Now, at the age of 15, Zaila holds three world records.
1. What is the main purpose of the Scripps spelling bee?A.Getting good grades in school. | B.Raising reading efficiency. |
C.Improving spelling ability. | D.Grasping new learning ways. |
A.At the age of 8. | B.At the age of 13. |
C.At the age of 14. | D.At the age of 15. |
A.They are about spelling. | B.They are easy to achieve. |
C.Being a star is her favourite. | D.Being a head coach is one of them. |
A.A birthday gift. | B.Her parents’ hope. |
C.Her teacher’s guide. | D.Her wild imagination. |
【推荐2】In living memory, no world leader has been as widely identified with a particular animal as Queen Elizabeth with her dogs. They are seen with her on so many occasions that they have become a key part of her public image.
They are more than her public image, though. In a life that is full of rules, they provide an easy way for the Queen to break the ice with strangers. She also gets from them unlimited amounts of true love and affection, unaffected by the knowledge that she is a queen. Whenever possible, the Queen feeds the dogs herself and leads them on daily walks. Her husband, Prince Philip, has referred to these chores (杂活) as his wife’s private “dog moments”.
When the Queen was young, the dogs kept her company, too. During WWII, she and her sister Margaret were moved to Windsor Castle in secret while their parents stayed at Buckingham Palace to face the bombing with the public. Through the war’s long days and nights, they could be relied upon to comfort them. Jane, in particular, was Elizabeth and Margaret’s childhood strength.
On her 18th birthday, the Queen was given a two-month-old baby dog, Susan. They soon became inseparable. In 1947, hidden under blankets in the carriage, Susan rode with the Queen as she left with Prince Philip for their honeymoon in Scotland.
Susan became such a public figure that, when Elizabeth gave birth to her first baby—Charles, The Mirror asked readers to advise the Queen on how to keep Susan from growing jealous (妒忌的) of the infant. One of the answers read: “First, hug Susan all the time. Second, let Susan have a bowl of milk when you are nursing the baby.” A year later, Susan produced two babies—Sugar (who belonged to the infant Prince Charles) and Honey (who lived with the Queen Mum).
In the minds of dog fans, Susan remains the most significant figure. This is not because she was the Queen’s dog. It is because her genes have been so long-lived—Susan is the common ancestor of all the Queen’s dogs.
1. Why does the Queen personally take care of the dogs?A.She has too much time to spend at home. |
B.She wants to have a normal life in private. |
C.She tries to show her unique skills to dog fans. |
D.She uses dog-caring to connect with the public. |
A.The long days and nights. | B.The Queen’s parents. |
C.Jane and the other dogs. | D.Elizabeth and Margaret. |
A.Susan. | B.Jane. | C.Honey. | D.Sugar. |
A.A True Love Story: Queen Elizabeth and Her Dogs |
B.Queen Elizabeth’s Beloved Dogs: Her Public Image |
C.Jane: Elizabeth and Margaret’s Childhood Strength |
D.Susan: the Common Ancestor of the Queen’s Dogs |
【推荐3】Oscar-winning actress Joan Fontaine, who rose to fame during Hollywood’s golden age as the star of several Alfred Hitchcock classics, died from natural causes at her home in Carmel, northern California on December 16, 2013 aged 96, US media reports said.
Born in Japan to British parents, Fontaine moved in 1919 to California, where she and her elder sister—screen idol Olivia de Havilland—were to shape successful movie careers. Fontaine and de Havilland remain the only sisters to have won lead actress honours at the Academy Awards. Yet the two sisters also had an uneasy relationship, with Fontaine recording a bitter competition in her own account “No Bed of Roses”.
Fontaine began her acting career in her late teens with Largely less important roles on the stage and later in mostly B-movies in the 1930s. It was not before famous British film director Hitchcock spotted her a decade later that her career took off.
Greatly surprised by her expressive looks, the suspense (悬念) master cast Fontaine in his first US film, a 1940 adaptation of the Daphne du Maurier novel “Rebecca”. She received an Academy Award nomination (提名) for her performance as a troubled wife. A year later, Fontaine finally won the long-sought golden figure, for her role as leading lady in “Suspicion” opposite Cary Grant becoming the first and only actress to earn the title for a Hitchcock film.
Although her sister, Olivia de Haviland, preceded her in gaining Hollywood fame, Fontaine was the first of the sisters to win an Oscar, beating Olivia’s nomination as best actress in Mitchell Leisen's “Hold Back the Dawn”.
The dislike, between the sisters was felt at the Oscars ceremony. “I froze. I stared across the table, where Olivia was sitting. ‘Get up there!’ she whispered commandingly,” Fontaine said. “All the dislike we’d felt toward each other as children all came rushing back in quickly changing pictures…I felt Olivia would spring across the table and seize me by the hair.”
Olivia did not win her first Oscar until 1946, for her role as the lover of a World War I pilot in Leisen’s “To Each His Own”. Fontaine later made it known that her sister had slighted her as she attempted to offer congratulations. “She took one look at me, ignored my hand, seized her Oscar and wheeled away,” she said.
The sisters were also reportedly competitors in love. Howard Hughes, a strange businessman who dated the elder de Havilland for a time, offered marriage to Fontaine several times. “I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did, and if I die first, she'll undoubtedly be extremely angry because I beat her to it!” Fontaine once joked.
As her film career fruited in the 1950s, Fontaine turned to television and dinner theatre, and also appeared in several Broadway productions, including the Lion in Winter. Anything but the ordinary lady, Fontaine was also a licensed pilot, a champion balloonist, an accomplished golfer, a licensed decoration designer and a first-class cook.
1. Fontaine did not become successful or popular until the__________.A.1930s | B.1940s | C.1950s | D.1960s |
A.Olivia got married before Fontaine. | B.Olivia gained Hollywood fame after Fontaine. |
C.Fontaine won an Oscar before her sister Olivia. | D.Fontaine wanted to meet her death before Olivia. |
A.competed for an Oscar | B.competed for a husband |
C.were small children | D.were successful actresses |
A.disliked by her family | B.always a troubled wife |
C.able to do few jobs | D.gifted in many ways |