Who needs friends? According to most psychologists (心理学家) we all do, especially nowadays when so many other aspects (方面) of modern life are changing. It seems that having friends keeps us both healthy and happy.
The number of TV series about groups of friends shows just how important friendship is to us. Psychologist Dorothy Rowe says that many of us now turn to our friends, instead of our families, for advice, comfort and security. One woman named Rebecca she interviewed even told her that if she had got to choose between her husband and her friend, she would choose her friend.
Since our friends mean so much to us, it is not surprising that the happiest marriages are also friendships. “Once the romantic stage of a relationship has passed, it is friendship that holds people together,” says Rowe. If the couple do not make some change, they will either get tired of each other and break up or stay together and seek friendship with others.
But is friendship equally important to women and men? According to author Rhonda Pritchard, women are more likely than men to have close friends. “ You tell a friend things that you’d never tell a partner”，says one woman she interviewed. For men, friendship is usually based on doing things together rather than the private conversations that are typical of women friend. Men share time and activities like building a fence or a business, running, riding a bike, fishing or watching football, but they don’t often share their feelings.
Although many women find their relationships with a husband or boyfriend is not enough, many men say that their partner is their best friend. Even women who are very happily married are likely to become very unhappy without a close friend and can even find the breakup of a close friend as painful as the end of a marriage.
Lasting friendships can provide a lot of the same support that families provided in the past, but the perfect situation is to have your family there for as well. Friendships and family relationships can both change, but a friend will not consider you when making really important decisions in the same way that a family member will.
1. What did Rebecca think about friendship?| A．Families are reliable forever. | B．Her friend means more to her than her husband |
| C．One needn’t have too many friends. | D．Friends are as important as families. |
| A．they are encouraged by their partners. |
| B．they are not fairly treated by their partners |
| C．they don’t get what they need from their partners. |
| D．they think their friends are more romantic. |
| A．Women often do things together. |
| B．Women often talk about business with friends. |
| C．Men seldom talk about their feelings. |
| D．Men often talk to their friends about work and family. |
| A．feel as upset as when a marriage ends. | B．share feelings with their partners. |
| C．treat their partners as friends. | D．turn to their husband for comfort. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Accompanying and supporting a friend, especially when they are in trouble, can be the difference between them moving through a difficult challenge or sinking into a state of hopelessness, social withdrawal and depression.
Reach out.
Find a good time to talk.
Choose a time when you’re both feeling reasonably relaxed and don’t have to rush off to other commitments.
Be a good listener.
It might be tempting (诱人的) to offer your friend advice about how to deal with what they’re experiencing, but the most helpful thing you can do if they choose to open up to you is simply listen.
| A．Encourage your friend to seek help. |
| B．Let your friend guide the conversation. |
| C．You can clear your schedule if necessary. |
| D．However, it’s tough to know what to do at times. |
| E．Sometimes a friend in trouble may isolate themselves. |
| F．They may not respond at first, so it’s important to keep trying. |
| G．It’s important to give them some time to think about everything. |
【推荐2】Defining what an ideal friend is like is not an easy task.
The ideal friend knows how to show weakness. The ideal friends don’t try to prove how successful they are.
The proper friend helps build our self-understanding. There are so many things we don’t entirely comprehend about who we are. We find it hard to pin down our goals.
They help us to like ourselves. Normally we’re intently alive to our own shortcomings; it’s more obvious, from our point of view, what’s disappointing about us than what’s attractive. We need a friend because we’re likely to be so very unfriendly towards ourselves.
| A．A true friend helps us think. |
| B．We get defensive and we don’t really know why. |
| C．Loyalty is a common quality given to ideal friends. |
| D．The good friend likes us in ways we’re not easily able to. |
| E．Everyone has their own understanding of what the ideal friend is like. |
| F．On the contrary, they let us know embarrassing things about themselves. |
| G．They care for your well-being over any issues that may arise between you and them. |
【推荐3】Sometimes meeting friends can be confusing, especially when you suddenly find yourself in a new city or for whatever reason totally without friends.
Perhaps the best way to meet new friends is when you're getting outside your comfort zone and doing something new. Getting involved in a new hobby, taking a class that makes you stretch to your mind, or just making a point to do something different than the usual are all good ways to connect with someone new. First of all, you'll be meeting new people you probably would never have crossed paths with this way.
While Traveling.
If you're introverted like me, meeting new friends while traveling can seem like a really intimidating thing.
Book Club
I'll bet you thought that we had less opportunities to meet friends than those who are outgoing. Not so! If you're into books and authors, there are several great ways to connect with new people. One of them is by joining a book group. Of course, you don't need to be introverted to enjoy a conversation about literature.
| A．Doing New Things. |
| B．Meet a new friend in a work environment. |
| C．Second, you'll be in the mood to experience something out of the ordinary. |
| D．But there are actually several websites that will help you connect with others. |
| E．Rather than keep my nose in my book, I took a break and chatted with some people. |
| F．Making new friends can come easy to some people, but to others it might take more work. |
| G．The great part about joining one of these groups is that you'll meet a surprising variety of people. |
【推荐1】Scientists have reported that the sea ice in Antarctica (南极) is at a record low level. Antarctica is a great, icy land, surrounded (围绕) by the huge Southern Ocean. The ice in Antarctica doesn’t just cover the land. There’s also a large area of sea ice on the ocean’s surface.
Every year, the sea ice at the South Pole goes through a cycle. In the summer, the huge sea ice melts (融化) to its smallest point. Over the colder winter months, the sea ice grows and grows until it covers a wide area. Usually, the sea ice covers the greatest area around September 23, as winter ends at the South Pole.
Scientists have been measuring the area of the sea ice in Antarctica since 1979. For most of this time, Antarctica has seemed to be almost unaffected by the changing weather conditions experienced in other parts of the globe. That began to change around 2016. Now, for several years, the area of Antartica’s sea ice has been shrinking.
This year, the US National Snow and Ice Data Centre (NSIDC) reported that Antartica’s sea ice covered its greatest area on September 10 — almost two weeks earlier than normal. And the sea ice was at a new record low-not just by a little bit, but by a lot.
The last time Antartica’s low sea ice set a record at the end of winter was in 1986. And this year, there’s about 398, 000 square miles less sea ice than in 1986.
Scientists are still trying to understand what is driving the change in Antarctica. One likely direct cause for the change is the rising temperatures of the world’s oceans. Ted Scambos, a research scientist at the University of Colorado, says Antarctica’s ice levels have always changed some, but the sharp loss this year is “pointing towards warmer ocean conditions around the continent.”
The new low record has concerned the scientists. Scientists are working hard to better understand Antarctica. They don’t know yet if this is just a short-term problem, or part of a long-term shift (转变) towards less sea ice in Antarctica.
1. What does the underlined word “shrinking” mean in Paragraph 3?| A．Getting smaller. | B．Being flat. | C．Observed. | D．Measured. |
| A．To give an example. | B．To make a comparison. |
| C．To make a summary. | D．To offer an argument. |
| A．The changing weather conditions. | B．Human activities in Antarctica. |
| C．Increased volcanic activities in the area. | D．The increasing temperatures of the global oceans. |
| A．Worried. | B．Annoyed. | C．Excited. | D．Satisfied. |
【推荐2】Since the beginning of the summer in 2022, China has been very hot under the worst heatwave in decades. A number of people in Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangsu and Sichuan provinces were diagnosed with thermoplegia (热射病), the most severe form of heatstroke (中暑), and some even died of this disease.
In a warming world, the hazards of heatwaves are increasing. According to a study, the number of deaths caused by heatwaves in China has increased rapidly since 1979, from 3,679 persons per year in the 1980s to15, 500 persons per year in the 2010s.
High temperatures would accelerate the loss in soil moisture (水分) and hurt the growth of corn, cotton, trees and fruits. What’s more, each additional degree of warming will increase crop losses to insects by 10-25 percent, threatening food security for billions of people. China has witnessed a range of extreme weather events, including heavy rainfall, flooding, tornadoes and record heatwaves this year. Meteorological officials said the country had an average temperature of 21.3 degrees Celsius in June, 0.9 degrees Celsius higher than the same period on average, and the highest record for the same period since 1961.
Experts say that while extreme summer heat is not entirely new, these sorts of occurrences could be something that becomes a standard part of life, requiring people to start learning how to cope with heatwaves that may continue for the rest of summer and well into the future.
Remember that even healthy, young athletes can be harmed by extreme heat, so every activity, indoors or outdoors, should be evaluated when extreme heat hits. There are some ways to stay safe during extreme heat events, such as drinking plenty of water, looking for shade or remaining in shade when outside, and avoiding cooking large meals that can add heat to your indoor environment.
1. Why does the writer mention the four provinces in China?| A．To introduce the topic. |
| B．To identify the impact of the worst heat wave. |
| C．To show the rising growth of population. |
| D．To offer the accurate data for the thermoplegia. |
| A．Benefits | B．Outcomes. |
| C．Dangers. | D．Expenses. |
| A．Rural areas suffer more from heat waves than cities. |
| B．China has witnessed the worst climate ever in 2022. |
| C．Climate change results in the decline in insect species. |
| D．High temperatures have negative effects on agriculture. |
| A．The tendency of heat waves in the future. |
| B．Ways to deal with extreme heat. |
| C．Effects of global warming on the environment. |
| D．The significance of keeping healthy in summer. |
【推荐3】Over the past five decades mosquito populations in parts of the U.S. have skyrocketed by a factor of 10-a situation with worrying implications for the spread of diseases. And some places are apparently more easily affected than others. A new study in the Journal of Medical Entomology found that in Baltimore, low-income neighborhoods bear the biggest burden: they have not only more mosquitoes but also larger ones, which often survive longer. The problem most likely is rooted in the fact that Baltimore has nearly 17,000 abandoned buildings, which are concentrated in economically disadvantaged areas and serve as convenient mosquito-breeding zones.
Compared with prosperous blocks, low-income blocks have more abandoned buildings and are more heavily littered with thrown-away containers that collect standing water. And water that pools in abandoned buildings is protected by shade-which helps mosquitoes grow larger. Some cities take efforts to plant trees in low-income blocks but may actually worsen the problem: trees and bushes not only shade outdoor breeding(繁殖) pools but also shed leaves into the water and feed the mosquito larvae(幼虫), helping them grow bigger. Worse still, climate change could worsen the disease landscape by broadening habitats and lengthening the time every summer that mosquitoes can breed and survive.
Cities may, then, need to focus more mosquito-control efforts on these areas. Urban health departments typically educate homeowners about the importance of emptying water out of outdoor containers. But nobody empties those in or around abandoned buildings. “It is something that is fairly difficult for a city to address because it’s really expensive to go into private belongings and clean them up,” says Dina Fonseca, a molecular ecologist at Rutgers University. Yet if these belongings become breeding grounds not only for annoying mosquitoes but also for dangerous diseases, officials’ concepts may need to change.
1. What does the phrase “a factor of 10” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．A major cause. | B．A high rate. |
| C．A big concern. | D．A special situation. |
| A．Because people there lack the awareness of waste sorting. |
| B．Because people there pay little attention to water protection. |
| C．Because more thrown-away containers are collected for reuse there. |
| D．Because more abandoned buildings serve as habitats for mosquitoes there. |
| A．Planting more trees. | B．Changing officials’ ideas. |
| C．Emptying water containers. | D．Cleaning abandoned buildings. |
| A．To complain about the poor housing. | B．To offer some treatments for diseases. |
| C．To appeal for mosquito-control efforts. | D．To introduce a new species of mosquitoes. |
【推荐1】Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. They also eat more fatty food. The groundbreaking（开创性的）study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract（使分心）dinners from how much food they are actually eating. "It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested（摄取）," said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.
The men and women, aged 18 to 28, were invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied. In three trials, the volunteers were recorded eating no distractions, using a smart phone or reading a magazine.
On average the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smart phone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When using their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more. They also eat more when reading a magazine.
"Smart phone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake," said Marcia Gilberto, a lead author of study carried out at the federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands. He added: "Tablets and smart phones have become the main "distracters" during meals, even early in childhood, so it is important to pay attention to how this may impact food choices."
1. Why people would eat more when looking at the phone while eating?| A．Looking at the phone makes people at ease. |
| B．Staring at the phone may distract diners from the amount of food ingested. |
| C．Food becomes more delicious when the diners look at the phone. |
| D．Staring at the phone improves the eaters' appetite（食欲）for food. |
| A．About 560. | B．About 591. | C．About 616. | D．About 535. |
| A．Staring at a phone screen may distract people's attention. |
| B．To call on people to put their smart phone down while eating. |
| C．Using a smart phone at mealtimes can lead to consumed more calories. |
| D．Reducing calories is very important for people's health. |
| A．what should people do to keep fit. |
| B．why do people get overweight when eating with smart phones. |
| C．how should people keep weight when eating. |
| D．how does smart phones during dinner influence food choices in childhood. |
【推荐2】A new student group in the Highline district, south of Seattle, wants youth to have a say in hiring educators.
Jordyn Famimiko, a 17-years-old, is president of her school’s Black Student Union(BSU). She says it’s critically important to get a more diverse teaching staff. Eighty percent of students in the Highline district are youth of color. But people of color make up only 25 percent of the teaching staff. Across Washington, youth of color are about 47 percent of the student population, and people of color consist of 13 percent of teaching staff.
“I feel like students on every level need to feel safe, they need to feel valuable,” she said. “It’s not to say that minority students can’t connect with their white teachers, however, just right off the bat there is some disconnect there culturally.”
Mary Belay, 17, is entering her senior year at Mount Rainier High School in Des Moines and is an officer in her school’s Black Student Union. She helped contact BSUs at other schools to form the student association and initiate(发起)a districtwide discussion about their experiences as students of color.
The new student group met recently with Superintendent Susan Enfield. Highline does have a policy that calls for “hiring teams to reflect the diversity of our schools and community.” Mary said, to put that into practice, the district needs to include youth representation.
Highline district spokesperson Catherine Carbone Rogers said in an email that the district has included students on hiring teams for principals. The district is now considering ways to give students a role in the teacher hiring process, though it may be difficult to include students in interviews of candidates because those decisions often happen quickly and teachers of color are in high demand.
1. What’s the function of the statistics in Paragraph 2?| A．To tell most students in Highline are of color. |
| B．To call on people of color to become teachers. |
| C．To show people of color can’t be teachers easily. |
| D．To indicate unbalanced rate of students and teachers of color. |
| A．To have a say in hiring educators. |
| B．To connect with the white teachers. |
| C．To initiate a districtwide discussion. |
| D．To ensure students’ sense of security. |
| A．Students decide which principals to employ. |
| B．Highline district employs youth on hiring teams. |
| C．The schools are in great need of teachers of color. |
| D．Students are given a role in interviewing candidates. |
【推荐3】Eating red meat is linked to cancer and heart disease, but are the risks big enough to justify giving up juicy burgers and delicious steaks? Probably not, according to researchers who reviewed data from 12 clinical trials involving about 54,000 people. In a series of controversial papers, the researchers argue that the increased health risks tied to red meat are small and uncertain, and that cutting back likely wouldn't be worth it for people who enjoy meat.
Those conclusions go against established medical advice. They were swiftly attacked by a group of famous U.S. scientists who took the unusual step of trying to stop the papers from being published until their criticisms were addressed.
The new work does not say red or processed meats like hot dogs and bacon are healthy, or that people should eat more of them. The team’s reviews of past studies generally support the ties to cancer, heart disease and other bad health outcomes. But the authors say the evidence is weak, and that there’s not much certainty meat is really the cause, since other diet and lifestyle factors could be at play.
If the latest example of how divisive nutrition research has become, with its uncertainties leaving the door open for conflicting advice. Critics say findings often aren't backed by strong evidence. Defenders counter that nutrition studies can rarely be conclusive because of the difficulty of measuring the effects of any single food, but that methods have improved.
Based on their analyses, the researchers said people do not have to cut back for health reasons. But they noted that their own advice is weak, and acknowledged that they didn't consider factors such as animal welfare and the environment. Indeed, the case that meat production is bad for animal welfare and the environment is stronger than the case that it's bad for human health, according to an editorial that accompanies the report.
Not all of the report authors agreed with its conclusions. Three of the 14 researchers said they support reducing red and processed meats. A coauthor of one of the reviews is also among those who called for a publication delay.
Those who pushed to postpone publication also questioned why certain studies were included in the reviews while others were left out.
As for his own diet, Dr. Gordon Guyatt, a member of the international research team that conducted the reviews, said he no longer thinks red or processed meats have significant health risks. But he said he still avoids them out of habit, and for animal welfare and environmental reasons.
1. What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?| A．To introduce a new relationship between health and eating red meat. |
| B．To urge more people to keep away from eating red meat regularly. |
| C．To present a new controversial view on impacts of eating red meat. |
| D．To criticize nutrition studies for lacking of conclusive evidence. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Positive. |
| C．Disapproving. | D．Objective. |
| A．health risks | B．diet habits |
| C．animal welfare | D．environmental protection |
| A．Red meats don’t have significant health risks. |
| B．Reducing meat consumption will be worth it. |
| C．The report authors have reached a consensus. |
| D．Consuming red meat will do good to health. |
【推荐1】At Zhangpan Primary School in the mountainous areas in Central China's Henan Province, there is a football team. The football has enriched the pupils' school lives and might help realize their dreams.
"I don't believe that rural children can' t play football well!" said Song Haibo, principal of the primary school. In 2016, Song decided to develop a campus football culture. A physical education teacher Liang Yaowu began to teach students and hold training sessions on a concrete floor.
In 2010, 400,000 yuan （US $60,499） was raised to build a new standard football field, 2,400 square meters in size, at the school. Then the school invited a local football club to offer professional training. Football has since become an indispensable （必不可少的）part of the children's lives. At present, each of all the 245 students has his or her own football. Classes in the third to sixth grades have class teams respectively（分别地）.
Speaking of changes that the ball game has brought to the pupils, Song said, "The children now love and enjoy the sport very much. As well as keeping fit, football has cultivated（培养）their sense of competition and teamwork, and also enhanced（提高）their sense of responsibility and collective honor.”
The schoolgirls' football team has also grown into a strong one among local campuses over the past four years, and these rural girls' football dream has been sparked. “When I run on the field, I feel indescribable happiness. I enjoy playing football.” said Wang Mengyan with a smile, adding that she will work harder in study and training so as to be admitted to a top university.
In the past few years, the school’s football team has won many championships, including the U12 Girls' Competition of the Belt and Road International Youth Tournament. Five players of the team joined the National Campus Football Summer Camp, and one of them was selected for the first squad （班、组）.
Liang, head coach of the football team, is full of hope for the future. In his view, this sport is an important medium for these rural schoolgirls to move towards a wonderful outside world. He expects that more attention and care will be paid and given to schoolgirls' football team, facilitating them realize their dreams.
1. What may be the most difficulty for rural schools to develop campus football culture?| A．Financial support. | B．Sense of teamwork. |
| C．No professional teachers. | D．No playground . |
| A．idol | B．example |
| C．exception | D．proof |
| A．The outside world is more wonderful. |
| B．Rural schoolgirls should be given more help. |
| C．All rural schools should have a football team. |
| D．All rural schoolgirls can succeed by playing football. |
| A．Principal Matters Most | B．Football Team Gets Much Glory |
| C．Football Lights up Dreams | D．Rural School Builds Football Team |
【推荐2】My family has a tradition of holding garage sales (旧货出售). On a Saturday afternoon back in 2002, just when my aunt Lorraine was starting to pack up, I discovered my very own treasure — a pair of black boots. Although they weren't anything fashionable, they caught my eye. Plus they were only two dollars. She noticed me eyeing them up and said I could have them for fifty cents.
Even better! I thought to myself as I pulled them on. They were the perfect fit.
When I handed over the money little did I know that these boots would accompany me on some of my greatest adventures. Each year I make a journey overseas and that year, I was making arrangements to visit Helsinki (the capital of Finland), so naturally, I packed the boots. It was winter, but the boots protected my feet from the cold weather. I wore them everywhere. The boots even accompanied me as I walked through the night to find live music. I felt right at home among old friends.
In 2009, I went to Aunt Lorraine's home to attend my cousin Jason's birthday party. While we were talking, Jason stared at my boots.
He asked, “Where did you get those boots?”
“I bought them at your family's garage sale,” I responded.
Jason flew into a rage. “Mum! You sold my boots? I bought them in Milan and I've worn them through New York, London, Berlin and Paris,” he shouted.
After a silence, however, he laughed and said, “Thanks a lot, Mum!” We spent the rest of the evening sharing memories of the journeys we'd both had wearing the same pair of boots.
The boots are no longer fit for wear, but I have held on to them as a memento (纪念物) of the last decade, the places we have walked and the memories we now share.
1. The author bought the boots .| A．from his cousin | B．at the price of $2 |
| C．without hesitation | D．for his adventurous trips |
| A．surprised | B．angry |
| C．worried | D．confused |
【推荐3】Ladies, if you find yourselves wandering an unknown city with a man who is questioning your directional abilities, don’t doubt yourselves.
A recent small study published in the journal Psychological Science found that the longstanding theory that women have a more difficult time reading maps wasn’t true.
Historically, men have performed better than women in studies that tested their spatial(空间的)ability. But the leading study author Margaret Tarampi and a researcher from the University of California, Santa Barbara theorized that social influences had an effect on this outcome: The cultural belief that women are worse at reading maps could be seen as a stereotype(固有模式) threat, meaning women believe they’re bad at something, so they perform poorly as a result. The researchers also theorized that women performed better at skills that involve a social element. In other words, if reading a map means helping someone else, they might perform better.
Tarampi and her team tested both theories on undergraduate students at UCSB across three separate experiments. And, indeed, the results showed that men scored better than women only when they were mentioned the stereotype of male superiority before the test.
When the researchers did not mention it and gave a social context for reading the map, women’s scores improved across the board. Women also performed better when the test maps simply included human figures, rather than just random objects and landmarks.
So ladies, next time you struggle to figure out whether you should make a left or right at the Louvre, take out your tourist map with a healthy dose of confidence.
1. What is the purpose of the first paragraph?| A．To warn women of one of their shortcomings. |
| B．To introduce the topic of the passage. |
| C．To encourage women to read maps. |
| D．To state a social phenomenon. |
| A．a poor sense of direction | B．a lack of experience |
| C．a social stereotype | D．threats from others |
| A．they were asked to help someone else by reading a map |
| B．they were informed of the stereotype before the test |
| C．the test maps simply included human figures |
| D．there were social elements in the map |
| A．Women can read maps as well as men. | B．Women are better drivers than men. |
| C．Women always have difficulty reading maps. | D．Women are better at spatial ability. |
