Cross-cultural misunderstandings occur when people from one culture do not understand the actions and behavior of people from another culture. Everyone has experienced that feeling of being socially or culturally “off balance” at some stage. It happens when we enter unfamiliar cultural environments and find that things are strange or different. For example, it can occur when a person begins a new job. Until an employee can operate comfortably and successfully within the social and cultural environment of a new workplace, he cannot be fully effective.
Knowing about the diversity of traditional and cultural backgrounds of our customers and colleagues will not automatically rule out misunderstandings. However, if we do know something about it, we can often take steps to prevent misunderstandings from occurring. It is a matter of being aware of when, where and why a misunderstanding may occur.
There may be a language barrier that can make clear communication difficult. The way we communicate is a common cause of misunderstanding. For example, jokes often rely on a creative use of language and sometimes these can be interpreted in many ways, which may be confusing or even offensive.
Non-verbal behavior and body language can be a source of misunderstanding. For example, eye contact can be considered by some people as overly long and therefore rude.
Addressing customers by their first names may not always be inappropriate. Check with your customers how they like to be addressed.
People from different religious or cultural backgrounds or with personal preferences may have specific dietary requirements. Check their requirements when determining any food menus. Offering alcohol to guests whose religion doesn’t allow them to enjoy can create a tense situation at the beginning of a meal.
1. If a new employee doesn’t perform highly effective, which can be a reason?A.He can’t understand the working rules well. |
B.He is not satisfied with his new occupation. |
C.He is not familiar with the new working environment. |
D.He usually fails to operate the equipment successfully. |
A.Clear up misunderstandings. |
B.Help prevent misunderstandings. |
C.Tell us how to predict misunderstandings. |
D.Remind us of the existence of misunderstandings. |
A.Rude words used. | B.Poor translation. |
C.Different understanding. | D.Creative thought in them. |
A.Use as little body language as possible. |
B.Avoid making eye contact when talking. |
C.Address customers always by their first names. |
D.Offer your guests food according to their requirements. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】It can be very easy to stick with what you know, instead of trying to meet people who are different from you.
Become self-aware.
Talk to someone from a different cultural background. Try and get to know someone from a different cultural background better.
Be more accepting. Sometimes, for one reason or another, it's not all that easy to understand some cultural differences.
A.Do your own research. |
B.Think beyond stereotypes. |
C.Practice being sympathetic towards people. |
D.Work out your own beliefs, values and personal biases. |
E.Instead of asking them questions directly, treat them as friends. |
F.And the best approach is to acknowledge people are different and to accept that's okay. |
G.However, trying to understand people from other countries can help you experience more. |
【推荐2】The world where we live is a colorful landscape of different languages, skin colors, and different cultures.
There are several ways to become knowledgeable about different cultures.
Another way to learn about different cultures is to try to learn a foreign language. A variety of language-learning books, software, and audio programs are available at the public library or bookstores.
A.when a student wants to learn more about a different culture |
B.when a teacher wishes to expose her students to a different culture |
C.One way is to read books written by authors from a particular culture |
D.Learn about different cultures by tasting food from a specific cultural group |
E.Gaining an understanding of other cultures benefits both you and other people |
F.A person can choose a language to learn and locate learning programs to help her master the language |
G.It’s important to develop an appreciation for different cultures to become a well-rounded person |
【推荐3】It’s really true what people say about English politeness: it’s everywhere. When squeezing(挤) past someone or passing through a crowd in a narrow place, people say “sorry”. When getting off a bus, English passengers say “thank you” rather than the driver. In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things. After all, squeezing past others is sometimes unavoidable(不可避免的), and the bus driver is only doing his job. I used to think the same way, without questioning it, until I started traveling to the British Isles and came to appreciate(欣赏) some more polite ways of communicating with people, and here are some more polite ways of interacting with people in UK.
People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time. When people buy something in a shop, customer and shop assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more. In Germany, it would be surprising to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation. British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room. English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs, which is different from Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough.
Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize(批评) others. Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me, my employers repeated several times but none of their explanations were intended as scolding me. It has been my impression that by avoiding scolding, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable. This also is showed in other ways. British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat(请客) women to a meal than German men. However, I do need to point out here that this applies(适用于) to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men! Yes, the latter are a bit mean(吝啬的).
1. What is the author’s feeling of English politeness?A.He thinks highly of it. | B.He thinks little of it. |
C.He thinks it is unnecessary. | D.He thinks it goes too far. |
A.British men never treat a woman to dinner. |
B.British men think it’s unnecessary to say “thank you” to the bus driver. |
C.In Germany, employers often say “thank you” to employees for their job. |
D.Germans think it is unnecessary to thank workers because payment is enough. |
A.like to fight with each other | B.treat women more politely than English men |
C.are as generous as English men | D.are unwilling to spend money for women |
A.telling stories | B.making comparisons (对比) |
C.giving reasons | D.doing scientific research (调查) |
【推荐1】How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments — mostly for entertainment purposes — is fair and respectful?
Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats. Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes.
Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range. The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusual and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis (动物精神病). A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.
Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered. Captive breeding of endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild. Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?
Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats.
1. How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos?A.Dangerous. | B.Unhappy. |
C.Natural. | D.Easy. |
A.remain in cages | B.behave strangely |
C.attack other animals | D.enjoy moving around |
A.Zoos are not worth the public support. |
B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. |
C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings. |
D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment. |
A.zoos have to keep animals in small cages |
B.most animals in zoos are endangered species |
C.some endangered animals are reproduced in zoos |
D.it’s acceptable to keep animals away from their habitats |
【推荐2】One out of three kids in our country are now considered obese (过度肥胖的) . Life is different now from when we grew up. The days of allowing our children to ride their bikes and play outside are nearly gone. With the average kid spending seven hours a day on all screen media combined (TV, videos, DVDs, computer time outside of schoolwork, and video games) , our children are not getting the minimum requirement of one hour of exercise per day that they need.
This needs to be changed, but where do we start?
We lead by example.
If you don’t work out, your children most likely won’t either. Children will mimic what you do more than they’ll ever listen to what you say. How many times have you thought, “My child is just like me?”
Many of us wait to have the perfect time to exercise, but we need to deliberately make the time. If necessary, exercising for 10 minutes three times a day is a great way to get started. After all, some activity is always better than none.
A great way to ensure that your whole family benefits from fitness activities is to do activities that your whole family can do together. You can take walks after dinner, play in the backyard, put on a Zumba video and dance with your kids, sign your children and yourself up for classes at the local gym, and hike, bike, and swim on the weekends.
I know you’re busy. But we all get the same 24 hours in a day, and we need to make them count. The excuse of “I don’t have enough time” is a very real one, but with awareness (意识) of our time management and planning, we can all do better. Organize your life, live by a schedule, and model the behavior you want to see in your children.
1. What contributes to childhood obesity in the author’s opinion?A.Children’s hobbies. | B.Parents’ habits. |
C.The living environment. | D.The school requirements. |
A.Copy | B.Wonder. | C.Approve. | D.Suspect. |
A.limiting screen time | B.scheduling it in advance |
C.consulting our gym coach | D.talking with our family members |
A.To fight against ageing. | B.To control their weight. |
C.To improve their fitness. | D.To set an example to their kids. |
【推荐3】Improved mental health is on the agenda for many people in 2024 and being organized is the preferred method of realizing it.
Disorganization is often considered to have a negative impact on the way we see ourselves and the lives we lead. The studied downsides of living in a disorganized environment include memory problems, poor eating habits, and decreased self-control. “There’s an obvious link between increased stress and anxiety disorders and living in a messy space,” says Daniel Levitin, a behavioral neuroscientist (行为神经科学家) at McGill University.
“Disorganization brings a loss of productivity that is difficult to quantify,” says Levitin. He points to the amount of time people lose looking for lost items, missing appointments, or falling behind at work or school because of disordered living. “The average person likely loses 5 percent of their time due to disorganization,” he says. “Take your annual salary, multiply that by 5 percent, and you can measure what disorganization may be costing you.”
Joseph Ferrari, one of the most recognized scholars on disorganization research, says that nearly every mental health downside that comes from disorganization can be improved by getting organized. “You’ll feel more energetic, enhance your productivity in the office, and greatly improve the quality of your life,” he says.
Tidy homes have been found to be a predictor of physical health. “Those whose houses are cleaner are more active and physically healthy,” says Libby Sander, an assistant professor of organizational behavior. Part of this is due to organized people being better at managing their time, but it's also because research demonstrates that less clutter (杂乱) can help improve one's diet. “Studies show an association between clutter and overweight,” says Libby.
Getting organized has also been shown to decrease one's stress levels, increase personal efficiency, and even improve sleep. Another studied advantage of getting organized may be improving the quality of one's relationships. Libby explains that relationships can be negatively impacted when too much clutter affects communication or distracts one's brain from noticing important message from their partner. Research shows this can cause others to feel ignored, misunderstood, or unimportant.
1. What does Levitin say concerning living a disorganized life?A.It has been well realized. by people. |
B.It's many people’s New Year resolution. |
C.It has an obvious impact on mental state. |
D.It's closely related to the living environment. |
A.By giving examples. | B.By making comparisons. |
C.By citing other experts' words. | D.By referring to previous studies. |
A.High productivity. | B.Good management of time. |
C.Ignorance about others' feeling. | D.An organized home. |
A.The Neuroscience Behind Healthy Minds |
B.The Cost of Chaos—How Disorganization Affects Your Life |
C.Mental Health in 2024—Self-control as a Priority |
D.Organize for Success—Boosting Health and Productivity |
【推荐1】Those concerned that robots are taking over the world can rest easy-for now. Though the androids have proved useful at performing ordinary tasks, they are not ready for prime time. At least that appears to be the case at Japan’s cutting-edge Henn-na Hotel chain where over half of the robot staff is being replaced by humans.
The first Henn-na Hotel opened in July 2015, where guests were greeted and checked-in by either a family-friendly English-speaking dinosaur robot or a Japanese-speaking humanoid. Autonomous robots stood ready to help guests carry luggage to their rooms, while a cute doll-shaped android called Churi, placed inside each room, provided them with information about nearby attractions. Even the hotel’s garbage cans were robotic.
Not surprisingly, the lodging, recognized in 2016 as the world’s first robot-staffed hotel by Guinness World Records, drew in curious visitors from all around the world.
But as the years have passed, the hotel’s main draw — its employees — are becoming less of a novelty (新颖) and more of a bother. Also as the robots are “aging”, they are costing more to repair and maintain. Earlier this month, the hotel chain’s parent company H. I. S. announced that it had decided to “fire” over half of the robot employees and replace them with humans. Among them are the chain’s two robot receptionists. In addition to scaring young guests, they are also unable to photocopy guests’ passports-a requirement when checking into a Japanese hotel--forcing human employees to step in each time. Also, out are the cute Churi robots, which have proved unable to answer even the simplest questions and annoyed guests by interrupting their conversations.
While this is a setback, the company’s officials are not discouraged. They plan to continue with their ambitious expansion plans and believe the human-robot interaction is a learning process.“When you actually use robots, you realize there are places where they aren’t needed.” said one of the officials.
1. What could robots in the first Henn-na Hotel do?A.Offer guests traffic information. | B.Help guests pack their luggage. |
C.Greet guests in English or Japanese. | D.Direct guests to check in at the front desk. |
A.They cause trouble to customers. | B.They ignore instructions. |
C.They annoy human employees. | D.They are beyond repair. |
A.They think highly of their interaction with customers. |
B.They are against the use of state-of-art equipment. |
C.They plan to hire more cute Churi robots. |
D.They’ve realized the limitations of robots. |
A.Robot Employees-Ready for Prime Time |
B.Japanese Hotel Chain Expands Ambitiously |
C.Robot Employees-a New Novelty for Hotels |
D.Japanese Hotel Chain “Fires” Robot Employees |
【推荐2】A campaign (活动)is being launched to encourage children to give up 30 minutes of screen time a day to head for the great outdoors.
The newly formed Wild Network — a cooperation of nearly 400 organisations --- is trying to attract teenagers away from television and computer screen and into fields, woods and parks. Organisers say that it is the UK's biggest ever campaign to reconnect children with nature and outdoor play, and that it could help improve fitness, mental(精神的)health and general well being. A documentary film, Project Wild Thing, will announce the launch at more than 50 cinemas across the UK from Friday. It looks at the increasingly weak link between children and nature.
Andy Simpson, chairman of the Wild Network, said: "The sad truth is that kids have lost touch with nature. Time spent outdoors is down, activity areas and levels are falling strongly and the ability to identify common species (物种)has been lost."
Suggestions of how to get more time in nature include camping or racing and observing autumn colour on trees and so on. From January, the network will aim to make suggestions to politicians on how government can do more to get children muddy (沾满泥污的)and bright¬-eyed.
This is not the first time the message of less screen, more play has been brought up. Children in the 1980s were asked to do the same by the BBC TV series Why Don't You, which somewhat confusingly called on its viewers to "switch off your TV set, and do something less boring instead".
1. The purpose of the campaign is to call on kids____________.A.to love animals | B.to play outdoors |
C.to give up screens | D.to protect nature |
A.Kids' disability to name some creatures. |
B.The falling duration of Rids' vacations. |
C.Strict rules on kids' outdoor activities. |
D.The disappearance of common species. |
A.Reconnect kids with nature. | B.Provide kids with more mud. |
C.Take measures to protect kids. | D.Pay attention to eye protection. |
A.To tell the development of BBC TV series. |
B.To prove the recognition of his suggestion. |
C.To show the TV series caused confusion. |
D.To compare present TV series with old ones. |
【推荐3】The Islands of Hawaii
☆Hawaii
The “Big Island” of Hawaii is a paradise (天堂)playground where visitors can enjoy a popular lifestyle and at the same time, witness the attraction of nature: Thousands of square miles form a wonderland, featuring breathtaking beaches, forests, snow-covered mountains and amazing active volcanoes. A visit to Volcanoes National Park, which has been described as a true wonder of the world, is a must. It is the state's biggest attraction.
Accommodations:
Seasons Resort Hualalai: from $ 205.00
Fairmont Orchid: from $108.00
Sightseeing and Experiences:
Circle Island Tour:from $48.00
☆Kauai
The beautiful landscape of Kauai has led to it being called the “Garden Isle” , but it is also referred to as the “Island of discovery”, and with good reason------a land of striking natural contrasts just waiting to be explored. Green mountains, a breathtaking coastline and white sand beaches combine to make it one of the world's most relaxing locations.
Accommodations:
Grand Hyatt Kauai: from $101.00
Sheraton Kauai Resort: from $ 79.00
☆Maui
Voted the “World's Best Island”, Maui is widely regarded as one of the most romantic destinations on earth.
It is known as the “Valley Isle” and was the ancient playground for Hawaiian royalty. The island is largely rural with a small and wonderful population and a host of attractions and nature wonders.
Accommodations:
Hyatt Regency Maui Resort & Spa: from $87.00
Sheraton Maui: from $99.00
☆Oahu
Oahu has a unique rhythm, filling the air with sweet fragrances (香气),music and language:from lovely beaches and amazing nightlife to beautiful rainforests and quiet valleys. Adventure, history, romance, discovery------Oahu waits for you.
Accommodations:
Halekulani: from $121.00
Hilton Hawaiian Village: from $73.00
Sightseeing and Experiences:
Royal Circle Island Tour: from $34.00
Paradise Cove Lu'au: $44.00
All prices are based on per person per night.
1. What is the biggest attraction in Hawaii?A.Garden Isle. |
B.Royal Circle Island Tour. |
C.Volcanoes National Park. |
D.Sheraton Kauai Resort. |
A.$73.00 | B.$146.00 | C.$136.00 | D.$292.00 |
A.tell differences among islands in Hawaii |
B.provide a better understanding of the geography of Hawaii |
C.offer accommodation services to the tourists |
D.attract people to make a visit to Hawaii |
【推荐1】Social media is one of the fastest growing industries in today’s world. A study conducted by the US Pew Research Center showed that 92 percent of teenagers go online daily. The wide spread of social media has changed nearly all parts of teenagers’ lives.
• Changing relationships
High school student Elly Cooper from Illinois said social media often reduces face- to-face communication. “It makes in-person relationships harder because of people’s attention given to their phones instead of their boyfriends or girlfriends,” Cooper said.
Yet, some people believe social media has made it easier to start relationships with anyone from anywhere. Beth Kaplan from Illinois met her long-distance friend through social media. He currently lives in Scotland, but they’re still able to frequently communicate with each other. “I can feel close to someone that I’m talking to via FaceTime,” Kaplan said.
• Wanting to be “liked”
The rise of social media has changed the way teenagers see themselves. The 19- year-old Essena O’Neill announced on the social networking service Instagram that she was quitting social media because it made her unable to stop thinking about appearing perfect online. Negative comments also can do great damage to a teenager’s self-esteem. Teenagers who get negative comments can’t help but feel hurt.
• Opening new doors
However, Armin Korsos, a student from Illinois, takes advantage of the comments he receives over social media to improve his videos on the social networking site YouTube. “Social media can help people show themselves and their talents to the world in a way that has never been possible before,” Korsos said.
1. Who met the long-distance friend through social media?A.Elly Cooper. | B.Beth Kaplan. |
C.Essena O’Neill. | D.Armin Korsos. |
A.It hurts her seriously. | B.It promotes friendship. |
C.It upsets her sometimes. | D.It develops confidence. |
A.Teenagers’ attitude toward social media. |
B.Social media’s influence on teenagers. |
C.A recent study conducted in the US. |
D.New ways of self-improvement. |
【推荐2】Dick lived in England. One day in January he said to his wife, “I’m going to fly to New York next week because I’ve got some work there.” “Where are you going to stay there?” his wife asked. “I don’t know yet.” Dick answered. “Please send me your address from there in a telegram (电报),” his wife said. “All right,” Dick answered.
He flew to New York on January 31st and found a nice hotel in the center of the city. He put his things in his room and then he sent his wife a telegram. He put the address of his hotel in it.
In the evening he didn’t have any work, so he went to a cinema. He came out at nine o'clock and said, “Now I’m going back to my hotel and have a nice dinner.”
He found a taxi (出租车) and the driver said, “Where do you want to go?” But Dick didn’t remember name and address of his hotel
“Which hotel are my things in?” he said, “And what am I going to do tonight?” But the driver of the taxi did not know. So Dick got out and went into a post office. There he sent his wife another telegram, and in it he wrote, “Please send me my address at this post office.”
1. Dick flew to New York because _________.A.he went there for a holiday | B.he had work there |
C.he went there for sightseeing (观光) | D.his home was there |
A.Because she didn’t know his address yet. |
B.Because she wanted to go to New York, too. |
C.Because she might send him another telegram. |
D.Because she couldn’t leave her husband by himself in New York. |
A.The manager (经理) of his hotel. | B.The police office. |
C.The taxi driver. | D.His wife. |
【推荐3】We never know when we will do something greater. But it usually happens when we least expect it. When John Kinney turned up at Gloria Scott's house in Woburn, Massachusetts, he thought he was there to repair the 72-year-old woman's lights.
After completing the job, John went home, but he kept thinking about Gloria and a lot of other repairs much needed-pipe damage, holes in the ceiling dangerous front steps, the leaking roof and so on. She told him that she lived alone and felt lonely.
John decided to take action. Even though he couldn't rebuild her whole house, he could make it safe and livable for her. He worked on Gloria's home by himself for free before getting some friends and volunteers involved. But there were so many repairs needed, so he looked for more help online, with a simple description of the situation: "Nice old lady needs help. "In just 24 hours, $3, 500 was already raised. And he also had loads of volunteers turning up to lend a helping hand.
While this all has been going on, Gloria has enjoyed watching the process and getting to know the volunteers. She's been here by herself for over 10 years, so it's a big change for her. She's so happy and has got all types of new friends. She's out here making lunch for these kind volunteers, laughing and joking. It's just a miracle to witness. Meanwhile, John's whole family have formed a special bond with the 72-year-old woman. Even all the repairs done, John continues visiting. “She reminds me of my grandmother,” he said. “It doesn't stop here. Gloria is a part of my life.”
1. Why did John Kinney go to Gloria Scot's house at first?A.To fix her lights. | B.To keep her company. |
C.To do regular inspection. | D.To do some voluntary work. |
A.The volunteers donated $3, 500. | B.John Kinney liked to make a miracle. |
C.Gloria Scott became social gradually. | D.Many people came to make friends with Gloria Scott. |
A.Patient and creative. | B.Humorous and devoted. |
C.Loyal and handsome. | D.Warm-hearted and generous. |
A.Nice Old Lady Needs Help | B.Total Strangers Become Part of a Family |
C.Kindness Rebuilds the House and Its Owner | D.Ordinary Men Lend a Helping Hand Selflessly |