One dilemma that the super famous face is balancing the needs of privacy and recognition.
For some stars privacy is an overvalued thing. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford went on their European honeymoon. The two international idols had divorced their previous spouses （配偶）and were concerned about how they would be greeted. They needn’t have worried. In London their car was surrounded by admiring women who pulled Mary out of the car to shake her hand, still grateful after two years for her efforts selling war bonds. In Paris they couldn’t get any sleep with crowds gathering below their hotel room to sing and play for them. In Amsterdam they attended a party and were mobbed （包围）by other guests who wanted to get close to them. The athletic Fairbanks placed his wife on his shoulder and escaped through the window. Finally, they found privacy in Hamburg, where their movies were not shown because of World War I. For an hour the famous newly-married couple walked the streets unnoticed until the bored Mary turned to her husband and said, “Doug, I’m sick of this. Let’s go back to one of those countries where they mob us.”
Joan Crawford had similar feelings. Once in the 1930s she was staying in New York getting over her breakup with Clark Gable. Tired of staying around her hotel feeling so down she told her entourage （随从） they should go out and get some fresh air. The entourage, who had trouble keeping up with the star’s quick pace, were shocked when she walked away from their planned road. "Oh my God. She’s going into Grand Central Station!" Someone shouted, “Look, it’s Joan Crawford! And she was mobbed. It took them thirty minutes to escape the crowd and get back to their hotel suite. Her hair disheveled （凌乱），her dress tom and her face scratched, Crawford leaned against the door out of breath. "Oh.,. oh my. That was wonderful. Let’s do it again!”
1. What did Douglas and Mary worry about before going to Europe?| A．Nobody would greet them. |
| B．They wouldn’t be welcomed. |
| C．Their war bonds wouldn’t sell well. |
| D．Their schedule would be made public. |
| A．Hamburg was too quiet a place for her. |
| B．Her movies weren’t shown in Hamburg. |
| C．She fell ill after arriving in a new place. |
| D．She didn’t really enjoy privacy so much. |
| A．Amusing. | B．Enjoyable. | C．Dangerous. | D．Embarrassing. |
| A．they may feel down from time to time |
| B．they deserve people’s love and respect |
| C．they need both privacy and public attention |
| D．they are not always popular around the world |
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【推荐1】Alison Malmon was trapping up (完成) the end of her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania, US when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University, was suffering from mental illness.
Inspired by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to empower (使能够) students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today's young people face.
“What you hear often is just a need to be perfect,”said Malmon, “and a need to present oneself as perfect.”
And a new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today’s society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called“socially prescribed(社会定向型的) perfectionism” increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.
Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today's young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn’t the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modern society, meaning young people can't avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new norms(准则) like greater numbers of college students, standardized testing and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.
For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their “achievement anxieties" onto their kids through “excessive(过多的) involvement in their child’s routines, activities or emotions”
Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they’re concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. “Mental health has truly become this generation's social justice issue,”she said.“It's our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it's not their fault.”
1. What is the article mainly about?| A．The effects of the culture of perfectionism. |
| B．Research into the trend of perfectionism. |
| C．A group dedicated to helping people stay mentally healthy. |
| D．Various pressures that today's young people are facing. |
| A．Her brother’s mental illness. |
| B．Her project during the freshman year. |
| C．The pressure she had experienced. |
| D．Her strong interest in mental health. |
| A．Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure. |
| B．Lowering their expectations of themselves. |
| C．Reducing parents involvement in their children’s life. |
| D．Making them aware of what true social justice is. |
【推荐2】Nearly three in ten Brits (28%) will eschew the opinions of experts and instead seek advice from family and friends when making important life decisions.
A social experiment, with more than 1,000 participants, showed that adults are one-and-a-half times more likely to seek advice from those closest to them, than professional sources, in all areas.
When it comes to financial advice, half of those surveyed are more likely to ask family and friends about where to invest money — with 40% relying on their opinion even when it comes to high-risk investment choices over any other sources, including experts. And nearly one in five (19%) would be most likely to seek their better half’s advice on budgeting decisions, while 15% would rather take financial advice from a TV show than turn to an expert. In fact, the opinion of a banker ranked 8% lower than any other financial advice sources when it comes to budgeting matters.
The term “social proof”, coined by Dr Robert Cialdini in 1984, refers to the natural influence those around us have on our decision-making, with one aspect being the “wisdom of friends” which refers to the phenomenon where advice from peers carries much more weight than is wise in important choices. During the experiment, researchers found even when participants say they value expert knowledge, they often go back to the opinions of those closest to them when making a key judgement call.
Commenting on the experiment, Dr Briony Pulford, professor of psychology at the University of Leicester, said, “We prefer advice from friends and family because we trust them and believe that they have our best interests at heart, knowing our preferences and personal values, and taking those into account when advising us. Also, many want to fit in with their peers, so finding out that other people do something makes you more likely to do it, too.” Riaan de Bruyn, from investment app &me, said, “Of course the opinion of our friends and family matters, but when it comes to serious decisions, it is important to take on board expert opinion.”
1. What does the underlined word “eschew” in paragraph 1 mean?| A．Value. | B．Declare. | C．Reject. | D．Assess. |
| A．8%. | B．15%. | C．19%. | D．40%. |
| A．It enables friendships to last longer. | B．People are usually unaware of its effect. |
| C．People stick to it because of peer pressure. | D．It makes professional advice more accessible. |
| A．Significance of the experiment findings. | B．Disagreeing voices about the experiment. |
| C．Practical applications of the experiment in life. | D．Possible explanations of the experiment findings. |
【推荐3】While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked－remotely－to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honestly in the booming field of on line education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven’t searched the Internet to get the right answers.
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.
Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check student’s identities using personal information, such as the telephone numbers they once used.
Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
1. Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?| A．To correct her typing mistakes. | B．To find her secrets in the room. |
| C．To keep her from dishonest behaviors. | D．To prevent her from slowing down. |
| A．sharpening tool | B．advanced technique |
| C．effective rule | D．dividing line |
| A．scanning the Internet test questions |
| B．checking the question answering speed |
| C．producing a large number of questions |
| D．giving difficult test questions |
| A．The Advantages of Online Exams |
| B．The High-tech Methods in Online Courses |
| C．The War against the Booming of Online Education |
| D．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education |
【推荐1】A customer stands on the other side of the counter at my work, eyeing the menu. “The food here is so caloric,” she complains, and then looks at me. “You don’t eat here, do you? It certainly doesn’t look like it.” My face turned red.
I’m not quite used to how others see me. Since June 2018, I’ve lost almost 50 pounds. When I made the choice to change my body physically, everyone around me told me that I would be happier: Skinny meant pretty, and pretty meant happy and satisfied. After looking through dozens of before-and-after changes on Instagram and other social media, I was more eager to make myself smaller, to better fit into the world. But none of that happened. I didn’t feel more whole, or more peaceful. More than anything, I felt lied to.
Human health is unbelievably complex, and there’s so much more to our well-being than caloric balance. For several months, I often felt very tired and got angry easily, convinced that my body was a machine and I had to hard-wire it to look as physically perfect as possible. But at the end of the day, I realized that saying no to my body’s natural desire only left me feeling upset.
Our world is filled with losing weight. Nearly every time I listen to the radio, I hear some ads criticizing empty promises of giving you a better body, achieved only by this gym membership/ this prepackaged Keto shake/ this waist trainer. These all live by the same message: That food is dangerous, and the less we eat, the better off we are. In extreme cases, this message can lead to eating disorders, which will affect over 30 million people in their lifetimes, according to the Body Image Therapy Center.
These ideas could not be further from the truth. We eat food for a reason: It gives us energy, it keeps our body functioning, and it makes us human. I urge everybody to adopt a diet based on sustainability (可持续发展), to eat for energy, based on what makes us happy. We all deserve healthy relationships with food and mindful eating is the best place to start.
1. How did the author feel when hearing the customer’s words?| A．Quite proud. |
| B．A bit angry. |
| C．Rather guilty. |
| D．A little embarrassed. |
| A．She was laughed at by others. |
| B．She got encouragement from her family. |
| C．She was attracted by pictures on the Internet. |
| D．She got tired easily when being overweight. |
| A．It made her disbelieve others. |
| B．It did harm to her well-being. |
| C．It helped lift her confidence a bit. |
| D．It taught her about determination. |
| A．They are far from creative. |
| B．They hurt human’s relationships with food. |
| C．They cause many people to do too much exercise. |
| D．They mislead some youths into having wrong ideas of beauty. |
【推荐2】The early lack of exposure to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) can be harmful to achieving gender balance in these fields. It begins when we are young and continues throughout our time in high school.
While at home, girls generally don’t get to experience the level of exposure or encouragement in STEM fields that boys do. It is often subtle, but it’s the first obstacle that faces and confuses so many women. Boys, on the other hand, get on their path, and are encouraged to do so, generally earlier than girls. For example, boys are more often given science sets as toys, which spark an interest in these subjects.
In school, boys are often pushed in school to take the more challenging math and science classes. So if we want to attract the best and brightest minds into the fields that will advance us as a people, a country, and a planet, we can no longer look to only half of the population. Young girls cannot possibly consider opportunities they do not know exist. If girls are not exposed to certain subject and career paths, they are highly unlikely to elect to follow them in college.
Our bias(偏见) toward girl, either from families or from schools is so rooted in our culture that we often don’t even recognize it. While the situation has changed greatly in the past 20 or 30 years, there is still a sense that girls aren’t as good at math, for instance, even though there is almost no evidence to support such a belief.
It is important that as a society we deal with gender stereotypes long before young people are faced with a decision to declare or choose a major in college. Without making efforts to break them, we are limiting the potentials of our youth, both male and female. Providing the necessary resources, exposure, and encouragement would help young women understand that their gender shouldn’t determine the career path they choose, and that pursuing a STEM career does not make them less feminine.
1. According to the passage, not many girls grow to enter STEM fields because ________.| A．girls are not as good at STEM as boys |
| B．girls do not like to take science classes |
| C．girls get fewer chances to know about STEM |
| D．girls seldom survive the high pressure positions |
| A．this bias | B．our culture |
| C．the situation | D．a sense |
| A．show girls’ potentials in STEM fields |
| B．praise women’s contributions to STEM fields |
| C．describe the present gender bias in STEM fields |
| D．call for more involvement of women in STEM fields |
CP：Central Point P：Point Sp：Sub-point C： Conclusion
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of question. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory. The argument is often conveniently referred to as nature vs. nurture.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined(注定)to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts(本能).
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. Behaviorists see humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. Their view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli (something that helps sb./ sth. to develop better and more quickly)as the basis of their behavior.
The social and political connections of these two theories are significant. In the United States, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligent test. This leads some “nature” proponents to conclude that blacks are genetically worse than whites. Behaviorists, in contrast, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result ,they do not develop the same responses that whites do.
Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the argument will continue for a long time is certain.
1. The author is mainly concerned about solving the problem .
| A．why our personalities and behaviors differ |
| B．what makes different stages of intelligence |
| C．how social scientists form different theories |
| D．what causes the “nature/ nurture” argument |
| A．approaches | B．advocates |
| C．principles | D．characters |
| A．We are born with certain personalities and behaviors. |
| B．Environment has nothing to do with our personalities. |
| C．Abilities and characteristics are showed by behaviors. |
| D．Only extreme behaviors are determined by instincts. |
| A．They believe human beings are mechanical. |
| B．They compare our behaviors to the machines. |
| C．They suggest that we react to the environment as the machines do. |
| D．They agree that the mechanistic theory can be applied on us as well. |
【推荐1】One half of the brain remains on high alert (警惕) during the first night of sleep in a new space.
Over the course of three experiments on 35 young， healthy volunteers， researchers measured brain activity during two nights of sleep. They found that part of the left side of the brain remained more active than the right side only on the first night， specifically during a deep sleep stage.
"When you sleep in a new place for the first time，a part of one side of the brain seems to stay awake，so you could wake up faster if necessary，" said senior study author Yuka Sasaki of Brown University.
While this may be bad news for business travelers who regularly make brief overnight trips， it may not be as troublesome for people who go away for longer periods of time， Sasaki added by email.
To see how being in a strange place affects sleep， Sasaki and colleagues performed a series of lab tests on their subjects.
When they stimulated ( 刺 激 ) the left side of the brain with sounds in the right ear during deep sleep on the first night， that led to greater possibility of waking and faster action upon waking， than if sounds were played in the left ear to affect the right side of the brain. On the second night， there wasn't any difference in reactions to tests between the left and right sides of the brain， even during deep sleep. This suggests that there is a first﹣night﹣only effect specifically in one side of the brain during deep sleep， the authors conclude. One limitation of the new study is its focus on healthy volunteers， which means the results may not apply to people with sleep disorders， the authors note.
While it's possible that the findings may explain poor sleep among frequent travelers， the study wasn't designed to test whether these "first night effects" continue to happen to people every time they hit the road， said Patrick Finan， a researcher at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore.
1. What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 4 refer to？| A．The finding of the new study. |
| B．The advice of the researchers. |
| C．The process of measuring brain activity. |
| D．The suffering of the volunteers. |
| A．they can wake faster on the second night than on the first night. |
| B．there won't be any difference to them on the second night. |
| C．they suffer from sleep disorders. |
| D．the first night effects may not last. |
| A．Some volunteers suffer from sleep disorders. |
| B．It does not find out the different reactions of the ears. |
| C．The result may not apply to all people. |
| D．There are not enough volunteers. |
【推荐2】“Have a nice day!”may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.
“Have a nice day. Next!”This version of expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone(腔调)with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase the business.
The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression serves us when we don’t know what to say.“Oh, you just had a tooth out? I’m terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”
The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tried to be nice to you.
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it’s nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
1. How does the author understand Maxie’s words?| A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author. |
| B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day. |
| C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy. |
| D．Maxie really worries about the author’s security. |
| A．The salesgirl is polite. | B．The salesgirl is bored. |
| C．The salesgirl cares about me. | D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine. |
| A．try to be polite to you | B．express respect to you |
| C．give his blessing to you | D．share his pleasure with you |
| A．Have a Nice Day—a Social Custom |
| B．Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant Gesture |
| C．Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming Greeting |
| D．Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation |
【推荐3】When it comes to thrilling places to travel to, the nation of Thailand has got to be at or near the top of the list. The beaches of Thailand are simply amazing. Here is a look at the four best beaches in all of Thailand.
Maya Bay
This small beach attracts some huge crowds, but it is still worth a visit thanks to what is widely regarded as some of the best sights in the whole country. The Maya Bay Beach is located on a small island and is only accessible(可进入的) via boat or passenger ferry.
Lamai Beach
For the traveler looking for a quite unforgettable beach experience during their visit to Thailand, a trip out to Lamai Beach in Samui is a must. The sandy areas are long and wide with plenty of room for everyone. The water is inviting and easy to access.
Patong Beach
Patong Beach is not only one of the most beautiful and popular beaches in Thailand, but it is the largest beach on the popular island of Phuket. The soft white sand is a great place to relax. Some of the many great activities that travelers can join in during a visit to Patong Beach include jet skiing, kayaking, surfing, diving, snorkeling(浮潜) , swimming, and more.
Haad Rin
Haad Rin is one of the most popular party spots in the country, for both locals and travelers. All month long, during most parts of the year, there are some special entertainment(娱乐), eating, and socializing opportunities.
1. If you want to have a very impressive beach experience, which is highly recommended?| A．Maya Bay | B．Lamai Beach |
| C．Patong Beach | D．Haad Rin |
| A．Maya Bay | B．Lamai Beach |
| C．Patong Beach | D．Haad Rin |
| A．Relax on the white soft sand. |
| B．Take part in adventurous activities. |
| C．Have a good time with the people living here. |
| D．Learn much culture and history about Thailand. |
【推荐1】In creating A.J. Fikry's ordinary-yet-extraordinary life, the author Gabielle Zevin has thrown every cliches（老生常谈）into the mix. The hero, A.J. Fikry, lost his beloved wife Nic in a road accident. The sales of his bookstore have been decreasing. The enthusiastic new sales representative Amelia won't stop annoying him with new books. His rare and very valuable first edition has gone missing. But the unexpected arrival of Maya left in his care brings about a series of events with love and hope to his life.
There are few real surprises in the plot and attentive readers will be able to tell where the story is headed. But the cliches and the predictable plot take nothing away from Zevin's work The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry because it's how she tells the story that first charms the readers, then holds their attention, making them read he whole book in a single siting and finally gives the book a long hug when they are finished. This book is a love letter to the joys of reading.
The characters are so realistic that it's hard not to fall in love with all of them: Maya, “the fantastic bookworm,” Amelia, “the giantess” with questionable taste in fashion, Lambiase, the adorable police chief, and A.J. Fikry, the reluctant hero who hates electronic reading devices that will “send centuries of a lively culture into what will surely be a rapid decline.”
The author chooses to focus on the important stuff. For example, it focuses on Lambiase who organizes a reading club for policemen at the book store. His original intention is to help promote business, but over the years he becomes a genuine book-love, one who tends to always have simple advice for his cynical（愤世嫉俗的）friend, A.J. Fikry. “Bad timing,” Lambiase claims, “I've been a police officer for twenty years now and I'll tell you pretty much every bad thing in life is a result of bad timing, and every good thing is the result of god timing.”
This novel is not only about the selling of them or the reading of them, but how books and stories become part of our lives, how we find ourselves within what we read and how we carry books with us. It is also about the power of unexpected happiness and always believing that something wonderful is just around the corner. The Late Bloomer is the book within a book which brings together A.J. Fikry and Amelia. It reminds them that life doesn't follow a set script, things happen when they are meant to happen, and there is no such thing as “too late” for anything. Life is the big picture. Always look at the big picture. Enjoy it. Don't get too concentrated on the details, because it will all be over before you know it.
A.J. Fikry's final words of wisdom to teen-aged Maya convey the same feelings in literary terms: “We are not quite long novels. We are not quite short stories. In the end, we are collected works. We have read enough to know there are no collections where each story is perfect. Some of us hit. Some misses.”
1. The author's attitude towards Zevin's book is _________.| A．supportive | B．critical | C．objective | D．indifferent |
| A．The novel underlines happiness will always be around. |
| B．The novel mainly talks about the marketing of the book. |
| C．It is The Late Bloomer that brings A.J and Amelia together. |
| D．It is important to do things on the basis of overall vision. |
| A．our life is full of ups and downs | B．we should collect works all our life |
| C．our life is closely connected with books | D．we should read books all our life |
| A．the extraordinary life of A.J. Fikry | B．the moral lesson of no “too late” in life |
| C．a review of The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry | D．a comment on The Later Bloomer |
【推荐2】What do you do with old stuff? That dress you bought for a party three years ago, for example. You wore it once and put it away somewhere. So, what to do?
In the UK, we might take it to a charity shop. The first charity shops appeared in Britain in the 19th century. The Salvation Army was one of the first to run a second-hand clothing shop to provide the needy with affordable clothes. This was followed by charities such as the British Red Cross, who also relieved hardship and raised money for the war effort during World War Two. In 1947, Oxfam opened a charity shop in High Street, Oxford, which is the modern form we know today. These days, charity shops are a common sight with around 11, 200 shops across the UK, according to the Charity Retail Association. During business hours the public can donate their unwanted items to a charity shop-clothes, books, electronics, furniture. These items are checked for wear and tear and if found still serviceable, priced up to be sold at a heavily discounted price.
For many, this is a win-win situation. To the charity, it means a valuable source of income. To the consumer, it provides the opportunity to buy, often extremely cheap items and clothes. To the donator, it may help to assuage consumer guilt. “You can make a pretty good case to yourself that you are doing good, because what you are doing is going towards a charitable cause and you are saving stuff from landfill(垃圾堆),” Clare Press, fashion journalist and sustainable style advocate, tells the Guardian.
There are sometimes hidden treasures for the buyers, too. Take a screen print for example. It was bought for 99p and later found to be by English artist Ben Nicholson. It was sold for￡4, 200. So next time you need to rid yourself of something, spare a thought for the charity shop-after all, charity begins at home!
1. The text is mainly written to________.| A．comment on the benefits of charity shops |
| B．analyze the popularity of the UK charities |
| C．list the names of the first UK charity shops |
| D．introduce something about UK charity shops |
| A．British Red Cross | B．The Salvation Army |
| C．Oxfam | D．Charity Retail Association |
| A．Ease. | B．Add. | C．Mix. | D．Increase. |
| A．Get rid of unwanted items. | B．Start charity from daily life. |
| C．Be environmentally friendly. | D．Make a difference for the future. |
【推荐3】Cooperation at work is generally considered a good thing.The latest survey by the Financial Times of what employers need from MBA graduates found that the ability to cope with a wide variety of people was what managers have wanted most.However,managers always find ways to balance the benefits of teamwork, which helps ensure that everyone is working towards the same goal.With the dangers of “groupthink”,critics are reluctant to point out a plan 's drawbacks for fear of being excluded by the group.The disastrous Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in 1961 was a classic case of groupthink.Skeptics were unwilling to challenge John F.Kennedy, the newly elected American president.
Modern communication methods prove that cooperation is more frequent.Workers are constantly in touch with each other via e-mail messaging groups or mobile calls .However, does that develop, or lower performance? A new study by three American academics, tried to answer this question They set a logical problem( designing the shortest route for a travelling salesman visiting various cities ) Three groups were involved: one where subjects acted independently; another where they saw the solutions posted by team members at every stage; and a third where they were kept informed of each other' s views only intermittently.
The survey found that members of the: individualist group.reached the: premier solution more often than the constant cooperators but had a poorer average result The intermittent cooperators found the right result.as often as the individualists, and got a better average, solution.When it comes: to: perfect generation, giving: people a, bit of space to, a solution seems to be a great idea.Occasional cooperation can.be quite beneficial: most people have benefited from a colleague’s brainwave or (just as often)wise advice to avoid a, particular course of action.
Further clues come from.a book, Superminds, by.Thomas, Malone of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He says that three factors determine the collective intelligence of cooperating groups: social intelligence (how good people were at rating the emotional states of others); the extent to which members took part equally in conversation (the more equal, the better). and the cooperation of women in the group( the higher, the better Groups ranked highly in these areas cooperated far better than others did.
In short, cooperation may be a helpful tool but it does not work in every situation .
1. The author uses the example of The Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba in Paragraph 1 to__________.| A．prove that team players are skilled at communication. |
| B．prove that critics are unwilling to challenge anybody. |
| C．show that teamwork cannot always improving a situation. |
| D．show the danger of groupthink is not very serious. |
| A．those who do not cooperate but obtain the best solution. |
| B．those who are never informed of others’ views. |
| C．those who cooperate with others occasionally. |
| D．the constant cooperators with a poor average result. |
| A．Group members cooperating all the time. |
| B．Group members in a good emotional state. |
| C．Equal distribution of men and women. |
| D．Equal participation in the communication. |
| A．The meaning of teamwork. |
| B．In what ways teamwork operates. |
| C．Cooperation is, a useful tool. |
| D．Situations where teamwork works. |
