For thousands of years, humans have built cities. Some of our oldest cities have managed to maintain pieces of their original characteristics while others have disappeared completely.
One of these lost cities belonged to the Anasazi people who lived in Chaco Canyon in New Mexico. They built houses along the river that ran through the valley. For nearly 300 years, the Chaco Canyon was the population center of many desert cities. Now nothing is left of this busy city but ruins. Scientists think that drought may have made the Anasazi’s food hard to get or that some kind of disease killed off many of the people. However, no one knows for sure what happened to the people of the Chaco Canyon. Another lost city sits high atop the Andes Mountains in Peru: the city of Machu Picchu. It was once among the most powerful cities in South America. It was home to the Incan emperor. In 1527, its citizens packed up their belongings and moved for unknown reasons. Scientists guess that smallpox, a disease brought by European explorers, was the cause of Machu Picchu’s downfall. Today, tourists from all over the world climb thousands of steep stone steps to view the ruins of this once great city. Yet another city that is no more was called Pompeii. This was one of the wealthiest cities of ancient Italy. This beautiful seaside city was a lively center of trade. However, a storm of lava, smoke, and ash from Mt. Vesuvius buried the city of Pompeii, putting an end to its prosperity. Scientists have studied the ruins of Pompeii, which led to new discoveries about ancient civilizations of Europe.
Humans have always built cities as centers for trade, business, and family life. Cities that have been lost provide information about the past, helping to inform our future. By studying lost cities, we can learn how to preserve our current cities.
1. Machu Picchu was once among the most powerful cities in South America because _______.| A．it was the center of the Inca Empire |
| B．it was located high atop the Andes Mountains |
| C．it was founded by powerful European explorers |
| D．it is visited by numerous visitors throughout the world |
| A．making a comparison | B．stating causes and effects |
| C．expressing his own opinions | D．listing numbers and examples |
| A．We should set up powerful cities for a competitive world. |
| B．We should pass on certain customs of ancient civilizations. |
| C．We should figure out how to protect our cities from disease and starvation. |
| D．We should learn from the past to ensure that we do not lose cities in the future. |
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【推荐1】The country’s first national park, Yellowstone, is renaming one of its largest mountains to honor indigenous people after research revealed the man it had been named after helped lead a massacre (屠杀) against local tribes. As part of the park’s 150th anniversary, officials announced the 10,551-foot high peak formerly called Mount Doane is now First Peoples Mountain.
“It is a victory, yes. Is history being rewritten and retold truthfully? I hope so,” William Snell, executive director of the Rocky Mountain Tribal Leaders Council, told NPR. His group helped advise federal officials on the name change. In an email, Snell said the change to First Peoples Mountain couldn't have come at a better time as Yellowstone officials prepare for the park’s anniversary in August.
The peak—along a range on the eastern side of Yellowstone Lake—had been named after Gustavus Doane, who helped lead the Washburn-Langford-Doane exploration in 1870 that eventually led to the park getting federal protection.
But recently, historians uncovered Doane’s role in an attack that left at least 173 Native Americans dead. Known as the Marias Massacre, Doane carried out the attack over the killing of a white fur trader. In writings, Doane cast a favorable light on the attack and even showed off about it for the rest of his life, the National Park Service said last week.
The renaming to First Peoples Mountain is part of a trend to better recognize the roles and contributions of Native Americans. It has also become a priority of the nation’s first indigenous cabinet secretary—the Interior Department’s Deb Haaland, who oversees the National Park Service—and Charles SamsⅢ, the first Native American to serve as that agency’s director.
Across the American West, many iconic representative mountains and other environmental places were named after early white settlers, mostly men and some with terrible pasts.
In Yellowstone, park officials say they may consider further changes to derogatory (贬损的) or inappropriate geographical names in the months ahead.
1. Why does Yellowstone decide to rename one of its largest mountains?| A．To gain more profits. | B．To uncover the history of 1870s. |
| C．To be in honour of Native Americans. | D．To change people's attitude towards the park. |
| A．The terrible pasts of Doane. | B．The effort historians made. |
| C．The contributions Doane made. | D．The conclusion National Park Service drew. |
| A．Improve the service qualities. | B．Learn from history events and characters. |
| C．Protect the environment of Yellowstone Park. | D．Consider renaming improper geographical names. |
| A．Doane regarded his deeds as a shame. | B．Doane was once mistaken for a hero. |
| C．Americans reacted to the renaming negatively. | D．The government thought little of the renaming work. |
【推荐2】Even though these monuments are extremely well known, they hold secrets that not many people are aware of.
Empire State Building
On the 103rd floor of the Empire State Building in New York, there is a secret observation deck that not a lot of people know about. To access the balcony, you have to take a series of elevators and then a very steep, narrow staircase. The observation deck isn’t open to the public, but many celebrities have been photographed there.
Eiffel Tower
There is a secret apartment and office at the very top of the Eiffel Tower that has just recently become open to the public. In 1889, Gustave Eiffel, the engineer of this famous Paris landmark, built himself a private apartment and office. It has been restored and has wax models of Gustave, his daughter, and American inventor Thomas Edison on display.
Statue of Liberty
There is actually a room in the torch of the Statue of Liberty that showcases breathtaking views of the city. People used to be able to visit that room until 1916 when German agents blew up a nearby wharf (码头). The explosion sent broken pieces into the raised arm of Lady Liberty, making the staircase up to the hidden room unsafe.
Disneyland
Hardcore Disney fans might think they know all of the secrets of the park, a famous U.S. landmark, but many haven’t heard of Club 33. This exclusive restaurant is hidden behind an unmarked door in Disneyland’s New Orleans Square. If you want to dine here on your next trip to Disneyland, don’t get your hopes up. It costs $25,000 to join the club, plus an annual fee of $12,000.
1. What do the monuments have in common?| A．They are all in Europe. |
| B．They all have skyscrapers. |
| C．They are all the best-known. |
| D．They all hide little-known secrets. |
| A．Disneyland. | B．Eiffel Tower. |
| C．Statue of Liberty. | D．Empire State Building. |
| A．Attractive. | B．Expensive. |
| C．Wonderful. | D．Beautiful. |
【推荐3】Diggings on the storied Judean cliffside revealed a new Dead Sea Scrolls(死海经卷) cave, full of scroll storage jars and other antiques, the first such discovery in over 60 years. The discovery overturns a decadesold theory in the archaeological community that Dead Sea Scrolls were only found in certain caves at the Qumran cliffs, which are managed by Israel in the West Bank. Until now, it was accepted that Dead Sea Scrolls were found only in 11 caves at Qumran, but the teams believed there was no doubt this was the 12th cave.
Pottery fragments, broken scroll storage jars and their lids—even neolithic flint(新石器时代燧石) tools and arrowheads—littered the cave’s entrance and farther in, there appeared to be a cavein(塌陷). After a bit of work of digging, the team made a monumental find: an unbroken storage jar with a scroll. It was rushed to Hebrew University's conservation lab, where it was unfolded in a protected environment. It had no writing; it was placed in the jar to prepare it for writing.
But the effort was not in vain. Scientists soon discovered the cavein was intentional and it hid a tunnel about 1620 feet in length. At some point hidden in the tunnel, the team found a few broken storage jars with the lid. They also found the cloth coverings and the leather strap that bound the scrolls the jars once held. The team thought robbers came into the tunnel, took the scrolls, or even opened the scrolls and left everything around, the textiles, the pottery.
Over the last few years, researchers have believed Dead Sea Scroll fragments made their way onto the antique black market, leading authorities and researchers to start the task of surveying all the caves at Qumran in the Judean desert.
This was likely just the first in a series of Dead Sea Scroll discoveries and therefore the team have hundreds of caves and many years to go, making a big project, a huge operation but they are very upbeat because after 60 years people still find new caves with materials that cast new light on the scrolls.
According to a news release from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the diggings are part of “Operation Scroll” a joint effort by the university, the Israel Antiquities Authority, the Israel Nature and Parks Authority and the Civil Administration of Judea and Samaria.
1. From the passage, this new Dead Sea Scrolls cave is so significant because ________.| A．it can possibly be the evidence of the first discovery in over 60 years |
| B．its discovery turns upside down a decadesold archaeological theory |
| C．it was the twelfth Dead Sea Scrolls cave found at the Qumran cliffs |
| D．it is extremely monumental to find the unbroken storage jar |
| A．impressive | B．optimistic |
| C．crucial | D．effective |
| A．the efforts to discover an intentional cavein |
| B．the reappearance of Dead Sea Scroll fragments |
| C．an operation on materials casting light on scrolls |
| D．the digging of a potential Dead Sea Scrolls cave |
【推荐1】Most people think that it’s fine to be “busy as a beaver.” Little do they know that beavers may work hard, but often they don’t get very much done.
Beavers are supposed to be great tree cutters. It is true that a beaver can cut through a tree very quickly: A six-inch tree takes about 10 minutes. But then what? Often the beaver does not make use of the tree. One expert says that beavers waste one out of every five trees they cut.
For one thing, they do not choose their trees wisely. One bunch of beavers cut down a cottonwood tree more than 100 feet tall. Then they found that they could not move it.
In thick woods, a tree sometimes won’t fall down. It gets stuck in the other trees. Of course, the beaver won’t cut down the trees that are in the way. Hence, a good tree goes to waste.
Some people think that beavers can make a tree fall the way they want it to. Not true. When beavers cut a tree near a stream, it usually falls into the water, but they do not plan it that way. The fact is that most trees lean toward the water to start with.
Now what about dam building? Most beaver dams are wonders of engineering. The best ones are strongly built of trees, stones, and mud. They are wide at the bottom and narrow at the top.
Beavers think nothing of building a dam more than 200 feet long. One dam in Montana was more than 2,000 feet long. The largest one ever seen was in New Hampshire: it stretched 4,000 feet, and made a lake large enough to hold 40 beaver homes.
Beavers do build fabulous dams. But they don’t always build them in the right places. They just don’t plan. They will build a dam across the widest part of the stream. They don’t try to find a place where the stream is narrow. Hence, a lot of their hard work is wasted. Beavers should learn that it’s not enough to be busy. You have to know what you’re doing, too.
1. Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?| A．Beavers can cut through a tree very quickly. |
| B．Beavers can make full use of every tree. |
| C．Beavers do not choose their trees wisely. |
| D．Beavers can cut down a cottonwood tree more than 100 feet tall. |
| A．They are no more than 200 feet long. | B．They are also the beavers’ home. |
| C．They are nothing in beavers’ eyes. | D．They are always built in right places. |
| A．extraordinary | B．severe | C．patriotic | D．optimistic |
| A．Early birds catch the worm. | B．Work hard, and you will succeed. |
| C．You should look before you leap. | D．Don’t put the cart before the horse. |
【推荐2】Climate change demands a food revolution. Faced with heat, drought, pests and diseases, the crops we eat every day might disappear in a generation or less, at least where they are currently grown. From beef and fish to chocolate and wine, one beloved food after another is joining the at-risk list.
Take coffee. Right now, Arabica and Canephora, the most popular two species in the industry, are under urgent threat worldwide—as are the 125 million people who depend on coffee crops for their income. Coffee Arabica plants, which produce 70% of all commercial coffee, can be negatively affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather conditions. This sensitivity to temperature puts the plant at increased risk of the effects of climate change.
In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethiopia the average temperature has increased by 1. 3 degrees. This increase is enough to have significant effects on the plants. In Tanzania the productivity per hectare of coffee has fallen by 45% since the 1960s due to changes in temperature.
Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area of the world suitable for growing coffee will be cut by 60%. Coffee production is likely to then be pushed to higher elevations(海拔) to take advantage of lower temperatures, but this will not be enough to make up for lost lowland areas.
Coffee is the second most traded goods by developing nations, and the inability of producer nations to export it could cause dramatic chain reactions in their economies. Millions of people make a living in the production, processing, transport, and sale of coffee; their livelihoods would stand to take a blow as growing areas decrease and prices rise.
As the temperature keeps rising, your cup of coffee will become much more expensive, and it may also carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, for all those workers in the coffee belt left without the means to make a living as conditions worsen. Not only that, but the economic effects will cost the West millions in increased foreign aid.
1. Which is NOT one of the contributors to the disappearing food species?| A．Drought. | B．Poverty. | C．Climate change. | D．Pests. |
| A．By listing examples of foods. | B．By making a comparison. |
| C．By making a prediction. | D．By presenting figures. |
| A．To adapt to the change of temperature. | B．To increase the quality of the produce. |
| C．To reduce the cost of coffee production. | D．To get access to water supply more easily. |
| A．The rich will get richer and the poor poorer. |
| B．It will cost you less to have a cup of coffee. |
| C．Developed countries ought to aid poor countries. |
| D．Coffee trade will eventually disappear in the world. |
【推荐3】Clothes were once used until they fell apart. Not today. In high-income countries in particular, clothing and footwear are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon thrown away and replaced.
The so-called “fast fashion” is having a surprising environmental impact. Take water. The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. Then there are microplastics. Plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester (聚酯纤维) and other polymer-based textiles (纺织品), and make up between 20% and 35% of the microplastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals, such as those used to make fabrics stain resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing processes, especially recycling. There’s a big role for research—both academic and industrial—in achieving these and other ambitions.
Researchers could begin by helping to provide more accurate estimates of water use. There is also work to be done on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Undoubtedly, used textiles go to landfill in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale needed.
1. Why does the author mention “water”, “microplastics” and “chemicals” in Paragraph 2?| A．To list examples. | B．To prove a point. |
| C．To provide an idea. | D．To give a definition. |
| A．Efforts are made to lengthen the lifespan of textiles. |
| B．Worn-out clothes are used as dishcloths and oil rags. |
| C．High-quality fibres are created to be reused in clothing. |
| D．Fashion industry is encouraged to release new lines more often. |
| A．To make sure that all of the used textiles go to landfill. |
| B．To separate fibres, as well as buttons and zips manually. |
| C．To improve and expand textile recycling to a larger extent. |
| D．To encourage consumers to satisfy their desires for fashion. |
| A．Say No to the So-Called Fast Fashion |
| B．Address the Challenges for Researchers |
| C．Embrace More of the Circular Economy |
| D．Cut Fast Fashion’s Environmental Impact |
【推荐1】A man who dined regularly in his favorite restaurant complained about the bread. “It wasn’t fair,” he emphasized, “that other restaurants served lots of bread.” But here he got only one piece. So the next time he came in, they served him four pieces. He still complained it wasn’t enough.
On his next visit his server brought him a dozen piece. The man still complained, “The other restaurants give all the bread you can eat.”
The restaurant decided to be ready for him the next day. They had an enormous loaf of bread prepared. It was six feet long and two feet wide. Four people carried the loaf to his table. They put it down in front of him. It took up half the table and hung over both sides. The chef stood back to see how the customer would react.
He looked over the loaf and commented, “So, we’re back to one piece again, aren’t we?”
Like this man, we volunteer to be victims, but in more suitable ways. We believe life is unfair, people are untrustworthy and that we are getting a bad shake. We think everyone should know just how terrible things are and we feel responsible to tell them. The problem is that life sometimes is unfair and we can be victimized, but the greater truth is that people can decide whether they are victims or victors. They can feel helpless and miserable, or they can try to feel strong. Happy people have learned that they cannot always control their circumstances, but they can often control how they will respond.
Lewis Dunning said, “What life means to us is determined not so much by what life brings to us as by the attitude we bring to life; not so much by what happens to us as by our reaction to what happens.”
1. What did the man complain about the enormous bread?| A．It was still not enough to eat. | B．It returned to one piece again. |
| C．It was overbaked by the chef. | D．It was too large to eat at a time. |
| A．He wanted to play tricks. | B．He hoped to get more bread. |
| C．He might have a mental disorder. | D．He took a negative attitude to life. |
| A．To be a victim or a victor? | B．Little actions, big impact |
| C．Make your choice count | D．What is the meaning of life? |
【推荐2】“Can’t hold a candle to” is a popular expression. When there was no electricity, someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candle. The expression meant that the person who couldn’t hold a candle for you was not fit even to be your servant. Now, it means such a person cannot compete.
Another expression is“hold your tongue.”It means “to be still and not talk”. “Hold your tongue” is not something you would tell a friend. But a parent or teacher might use the expression to quiet a noisy child.
“Hold out” is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news. It means to refuse to play or work. Professional (专业的) football and baseball players “hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth．
The expression “hold up” has several different meanings. One is “to delay (耽误)”. A driver who is held up by heavy traffic might be late for work. Another meaning is “for a story to be thought true after surveys”. A story can hold up if it is proved true.
“Hold on” is another expression, which means “wait or stop”. As you leave for school, your brother may say, “Hold on, and you forgot your book.” It is used to ask a caller to wait und not to hang up his or her telephone.
Our final expression is “hold the line”. This means “to keep a problem or situation from getting worse — to hold steady”. For example, the president may say he will “hold the line on taxes”. He means there will be no increase in taxes.
1. In which of the following sentences can the expression “can’t hold a candle to” be used?| A．Some footballers refuse to play a game. |
| B．Someone else is wanted on the phone. |
| C．Someone is not equal to a job. |
| D．Someone is delayed by heavy traffic. |
| A．interesting | B．polite |
| C．unfriendly | D．joking |
| A．change their attitude | B．refuse to work |
| C．make a promise | D．show their devotion |
| A．Hold is a difficult word for learners to master. |
| B．Expressions made of “hold” have different meanings. |
| C．English has so many words and expressions. |
| D．Hold is one of the most popular words in English. |
【推荐3】On August 29th，Elon Musk, the boss of Tesla, an electric-car maker, announced that some of his customers would find that their cars had suddenly developed the ability to drive farther on a single battery charge. Like many modern vehicles, Mr.Musk's products are best thought of as Internet-connected computers on wheels. The cheaper models in Tesla' line-up have parts of their batteries disabled by the car’s software in order to limit their range. At the tap of a keyboard in Palo Alto, the firm was able to remove those restrictions and give drivers temporary access to the full power of their batteries.
Mr. Musk's computerized cars are just one example of a much broader trend. As computers and connectivity become cheaper, it makes sense to bake them into more and more things that are not, in themselves, computers creating an “Internet of things”, or IoT. It is a slow revolution that has been gathering pace for years, as computers have found their way into cars, telephones and televisions. But the transformation is about to speed up. One forecast is that by 2035 the world will have a trillion connected computers, built into everything from food packaging to bridges and clothes.
Such a world will bring many benefits.Consumers will get convenience. Amazon's Ring smart doorbells, for instance, come equipped with motion sensors(运动传感器) and video cameras. Working together, they can also form what is, in effect, a private CCTV(closed circuit television) network, allowing the firm to offer its customers a“digital neighborhood-watch”scheme and pass any interesting video along to the police.
Business will get efficiency, as information about the physical world that used to be temporary and uncertain becomes concrete and analyzable. Connected cows can have their eating habits and vital signs tracked in real time, which means they produce more milk and require less medicine when they fall ill. Such gains are individually small but, mixed again and again across an economy, they are the raw material of growth potentially a great deal of it.
In the long term, though, the most noticeable effects of the IoT will be on how the world works. One way to think of it is to regard it as the second phase of the Internet. Ever, more companies will become tech companies; the Internet will become widespread. As a result, a series of unsolved arguments about ownership, data, competition and security will spill over from the virtual world into the real one.
1. Why does the author mention Elon Musk?| A．To tell a story about his car. |
| B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To inform readers of his Tesla. |
| D．To explain batteries on electric Cars. |
| A．It is under connection. |
| B．It is getting computerized. |
| C．It is getting widespread use. |
| D．It is connecting computers. |
| A．It will bring convenience and efficiency. |
| B．It can help upload videos onto the Internet. |
| C．It can save cows from being ill. |
| D．It will bring small gains. |
| A．The evolution of the IoT. |
| B．Applying the IoT to the virtual world. |
| C．Its main use in tech companies. |
| D．Its effects on the real world. |
【推荐1】When the food we order at a restaurant arrives, the first thing most of us want to do is enjoy it right away. But for every person who just wants to eat their meal, there's another who insists on taking at least five photos of their food to share on social media.
While this may seem like a recent phenomenon, "foodtography" has been around for longer than one would expect. Take US photographer Irving Penn(1917—2009) for example. In 1947, Vogue magazine published a series of food shots taken by Penn. Looking at the carefully placed salad or the series of cakes on stands, it would be easy to think Penn's 73-year-old photos were taken just last week.
Penn's efforts aside, it seems that social media is behind the recent rise of foodtography. Today, if a social media star with thousands of followers posts just one delicious-looking food picture and mentions where it was taken, it can lead to hundreds of new customers for the restaurant or cafe. One such star is Clerkenwell Boy, based in London, whose Instagram account is followed by over 100,000 people.
Yet with popularity, the social media star tries to use his influence for good by encouraging people not to waste food. Research carried out earlier this year by UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's, published in The Guardian found that 55 percent of the 18 to 34-year-olds it surveyed were more likely to "try unusual recipes to create Instagram-friendly dishes" than others, leading to increased food waste. "I hate it like a huge pile of seven burgers photographed just for likes. Are they going to just throw that away now?" Clerkenwell Boy told The Guardian.
So while it's fun to share photos of delicious dishes with your friends, just remember the most important thing: Don't forget to eat your meal afterwards.
1. The author introduces the topic by .| A．describing a funny scene | B．showing two different practices |
| C．comparing two opposite opinions | D．sharing an unforgettable experience |
| A．The efforts by Penn. | B．The intention to show off. |
| C．The influence of social media. | D．The attraction of delicious food. |
| A．Many people are used to ordering too much food in the restaurant. |
| B．Posting food photos on social media just for likes may cause food waste. |
| C．Popular stars should take responsibility for what they post on social media. |
| D．Trying special recipes to create attractive dishes is preferred by most teenagers. |
【推荐2】When you go for a run outside, chances are that you’ll find litter all around you. Do you just go past it, or do you stop and pick it up? If you choose the latter, you’re part of the latest fitness trend that’s sweeping the West: plogging.
The word “plogging” combines the Swedish phrase “plocka upp” (pick up) with the English word “jogging”.
Running – especially marathons – is often associated with good causes. And plogging, which combines environmentalism with fitness, has become the new poster boy for the environmentally-friendly runner. All a plogger needs is a trash bag, and ideally a pair of gloves to protect their hands.
The process of collecting garbage is simple, but it sheds light on serious environmental issues. “When I usually walk through the streets of New York, the sight of newspapers, lost hats, and shattered glass doesn’t bother me,” Matthew Sedacca of Men’s Health magazine wrote. “But when I was plogging and focused on trash collecting, the amount of garbage strewn (散布) across the sidewalks and along the pavement was kind of shocking.”
While collecting garbage, ploggers learn to classify and dispose of it correctly too. Laura Lindberg, a plogger who lives in New Jersey, US, always keeps a note of what she’s collected in her mind. This way, she knows what can stay in her trash bag and what can go in a nearby recycling bin.
It may be difficult to measure the sense of self-satisfaction that comes from making the world a cleaner, greener and more beautiful place, but the health benefits of plogging are easy to see. According to the Swedish fitness app Lifesum, a 30-minute plogging burns around 288 calories, compared to 235 calories burned from just jogging.
So the next time you go out jogging, why not carry a trash bag and collect some litter along the way? Your body and the environment will thank you.
1. What can we learn about “plogging” from paragraph 1 to 3?| A．Plogging is becoming a tendency throughout the world. |
| B．A plogger should take a pair of gloves for protection. |
| C．A plogger can contribute to environmental protection. |
| D．Plogging is often connected with running especially marathons. |
| A．To pick something up. |
| B．To make something clear. |
| C．To do good to something. |
| D．To take advantage of something. |
| A．setting down general rules | B．drawing a comparison | C．making assumptions | D．giving examples |
| A．We should assist ploggers to classify rubbish correctly. |
| B．Ploggers need keep a note of what they’ve collected. |
| C．Plogging helps burn more calories than jogging only. |
| D．The joy from plogging outweighs the health benefits. |
【推荐3】As the world’s climate changes, ocean warming is getting faster and sea levels are rising more quickly, warns a new report. The report also discusses a relatively new problem appearing in the oceans: heat waves.
The unusually hot water affected animals that live off the coast of Maine, which are important to the local fishing economy (经济). What’s more, it quickly became clear that the state wasn’t alone. “Heat wave events have popped up all over the ocean.” says Andrew Pershing, scientific officer at the Gulf of Maine Research Institute. “We’ve actually had three huge heat waves in the Gulf of Maine—2012, 2016 and 2018—and now we’re looking at repeat heat waves in the northern Pacific; Australia’s also had some repeat heat waves.”
That’s a big deal for coastal communities whose economies depend on fish and other seafood. Heat waves in recent years drove a lot of changes in life off the coast of the Pacific Northwest, which in turn led to disastrous seasons for fishermen. Unusually hot water supported the growth of algae that polluted the Dungeness crab (螃蟹) fishery on the West Coast, shutting it down for months. At the same time, the hot water off the coast led to continuous dry weather on land, which killed large numbers of salmon (鲑鱼) and raised the risk of wildfires.
The report suggests actions to slow ocean warming and rising and to adapt to its influences. Most importantly, the authors support what has been known for many years: Greenhouse gas emissions (排放物) are the main driver of changes in the world’s oceans, and the global economy must make a complete change to reduce those emissions.
“Even if we cut carbon emissions right now, we are still looking at 20 to 30 years of change.” Pershing explains. “That means, no matter what we do, we have to work out how we are going to adapt to these changes.”
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?| A．The results of global climate change. |
| B．The increasing frequency of heat waves. |
| C．The cause of heat waves in the oceans. |
| D．The problem ocean animals are facing. |
| A．By presenting research findings. | B．By following the order of time. |
| C．By providing examples. | D．By following the order of importance. |
| A．We should manage to reduce carbon emissions. |
| B．The measures to deal with climate change are useful. |
| C．We have a promising future of the world environment. |
| D．The influences of climate change on oceans are unavoidable. |
