In developed cities, public transport will be less popular than it used to be. To those who have to push themselves onto the number 25 bus in London, or the A train in New York, the change might not be noticeable. But public transport is becoming less busy in those places, and passenger numbers are flat or falling in almost every American city regardless of healthy growth in urban populations and employment.
Although transport agencies blame their unpopularity on things like roadworks and broken signals, it seems more likely that they ate being outcompeted. App-based taxi services like Uber and Lyft are more comfortable and convenient than trains or buses. Cycling is nicer than it was, and rental bikes are more widely available. Cars ate cheap to buy, and ever cheaper to run Online shopping, home working and office-sharing mean more people can avoid travelling altogether.
The competition is only likely to grow. More than one laboratory is developing new transport technologies and applications Silicon Valley invented Uber and, more recently, apps that let people rent electric scooters and then abandon them on the sidewalk. China created sharing-bicycles and battery-powered "e-bikes", both of which are spreading.
Transport agencies should accept the upstarts, and copy them. Cities tend either to ignore app-based services or to try to push them off the streets. That is understandable, considering the rules-are-for-losers attitude of firms like Uber. But it is an error.
It is doubtful that most people can tell the differences between public and private transport. They just want to get somewhere, and there is a cost in time, money and comfort. An ideal system would let them move across a city for a single payment, transferring from trains to taxis to bicycles as needed. Building a platform to allow that is hard, and requires much sweet-talking of traditional networks as well as technology firms. It is probably the secret to keeping cities moving.
1. In the author's opinion, the reason for the decline of public transport is that .| A．cars and bikes are everywhere | B．there are roadworks and broken signals |
| C．people are becoming healthier and employed | D．public transport is not competitive enough |
| A．By giving examples. | B．By providing data. |
| C．By stating arguments. | D．By making contrasts. |
| A．the No. 25 bus in London is becoming less popular |
| B．transport agencies support the rules-are-for-losers attitude |
| C．public transport is still the cheapest way to get around |
| D．traditional networks and technology firms need cooperate |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Every driver loves sailing through a series of green lights without having to stop and wait at a traffic light. Now, thanks to artificial intelligence, German researchers have found a way to reduce time spent at intersections (十字路口).
Called the KI4LSA project and funded by the Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, the innovation is being tested. Scientists first studied algorithms (算法) taken from a busy intersection to learn about traffic patterns and where improvements were most needed. There is a great necessity to speed up waiting times at intersections as conventional methods are inflexible, according to the Fraunhofer Institute.
The new AI method uses radar sensors and high-resolution cameras to interpret traffic patterns in real-time. They can determine the speed of traffic as well as waiting times and combine this with self-learning algorithms. Scientists are currently trying this out at a busy intersection in Lemgo, Germany, with encouraging results.
The intelligent lights are said to improve traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent, which results in money saved; the EU estimates that traffic jams create economic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year. Aside from reducing commuting time, these traffic lights will reduce noise and CO₂ emissions from cars idling at intersections.
Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project, which studies pedestrians crossing intersections. Using AI, researchers can identify how many people are waiting at a pedestrian crossing and whether some of these people will need extra time to cross the street. Using a 3D points cloud, they can tell if someone has disabilities or is elderly without identifying the individual. Since pedestrian buttons that are presently at intersections cannot determine if some people have special needs or are elderly, this is a real win. Such a needs-based system could reduce pedestrian waiting time by 30 percent, which could then decrease jaywalking (乱穿马路) by 25 percent.
Testing will be done until the summer of 2022 in the German towns of Lemgo and Bielefeld, with researchers optimistic that it will be adopted by many countries. This technology is exciting news for pedestrians and drivers alike. It encourages safety, protects the environment, and may even give you more time to enjoy your morning coffee before heading off to work!
1. What is the function of AI in the KI4LSA project?| A．To provide real-time information about traffic. |
| B．To detect road conditions and noise pollution. |
| C．To control traffic lights and the speed of vehicles. |
| D．To remind people of traffic rules at intersections. |
| A．Ways of improving traffic flow. |
| B．Advantages of the intelligent lights. |
| C．The development of artificial intelligence. |
| D．The effect of traffic jams on the environment. |
| A．It has been applied to streets in many countries. |
| B．It can meet the demand of pedestrians with special needs. |
| C．It helps to avoid traffic accidents with a 3D points cloud. |
| D．It ensures pedestrians have enough time to cross the road. |
| A．The Bright Future of AI Technology |
| B．The New Traffic Service for Senior Citizens |
| C．Digital Traffic System: A Start to Smart Cites |
| D．The Intelligent Lights: A Blessing for Transportation |
【推荐2】First two hours, now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention making people angry.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are qualifies to use expedited (加速的) screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pays 85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.
The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
1. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to .| A．stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide |
| B．highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports |
| C．explain American's tolerance of current security checks |
| D．emphasize the importance of privacy protection |
| A．Frequent unexpected secret checks. |
| B．New restrictions on carry-on bags. |
| C．The declining efficiency of the TSA. |
| D．An increase in the number of travellers. |
| A．a dramatic reduction of its scale |
| B．its wrongly-directed implementation |
| C．govemment’s reluctance to back it |
| D．an unreasonable price for enrollment |
| A．Less Screening for More Safety |
| B．PreCheck-a Belated Solution |
| C．Getting Stuck in Security Line |
| D．Underused PreCheck Lanes |
【推荐3】In most places a traffic signal in the middle of the desert, especially one for camels, may well be a mirage, but in this case it is all too real. At the Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot in Gansu Province, northwest China, the world’s first traffic light for camels was set up to manage traffic in the popular tourist area.
According to a Chinese state-owned wire service, the problem was that the walking paths for human beings often crossed camel paths, creating traffic chaos (混乱). As a solution, workers cut a gap in the walkway and created a separate route for the camels. The traffic light now manages the flow of traffic at the new crossing.
Camel-riding tours are a big attraction for visitors to the area. But visitors to the Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot will now be safe from camel crashes, thanks to the new traffic signal, which turns green to let the animals cross and red to make them stop.
The Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot is already a tourist hot spot thanks to its breathtaking sand dunes (沙丘), an oasis (绿洲) and even the occasional snowstorm which create otherworldly scenery. The strange camel traffic signal could well become another attraction to enjoy on a visit to the scenic area.
The area is close to Dunhuang City on the edge of the Gobi Desert, and it used to be an essential resting point for travellers on the Silk Road. Dunhuang’s best-known tourist attraction is the Mogao Caves. The traffic signal is unlikely ever to reach the significance of the Mogao Caves, but at least it might help prevent a few camel traffic jams.
1. What does the underlined word “mirage” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?| A．Reality. | B．Fantasy. | C．Scenery. | D．Mistake. |
| A．To solve the traffic chaos. | B．To have camels go through. |
| C．To attract visitors to the area. | D．To protect the visitors’ safety. |
| A．It has become a tourist hot spot. |
| B．It has prevented camel traffic jams. |
| C．It could improve the tourism of the scenic area. |
| D．It could greatly increase the camels’ population. |
| A．To criticize the traffic jam. | B．To tell us a travel experience. |
| C．To introduce a camel traffic light. | D．To analyze a natural phenomenon. |
【推荐1】50 kilometers outside the capital of Malaysia, in the middle of a palm plantation (种植园), mountains of plastic waste lie abandoned. Much of it has come from wealthy countries in Europe and North America.
Local residents are suffering the consequences. “Tons of non-recyclable plastic is just dumped (倾倒) here every day, and then workers burn it in the backyard of this factory. So, those harmful smog actually already caused many health problems to the residents.” People living around the factory showed great anxiety.
In 2017, China banned the import of plastic waste, sending the global industry into turmoil. “Wealthy countries are exporting their own plastic waste overseas”, says Greenpeace. “They have a good collection of facilities to recycle their own plastic waste. However, they are still sending half of their collective waste to other countries.” Before the ban, they just ran to China for recycling. And now they just find other new places to send their recyclables to.
The Greenpeace report says more than half of that waste, three million tons a year, is being redirected (转向) toward Southeast Asia, including Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. The problem is that these countries have no ability to handle such a large amount of imported foreign waste, which can easily cause pollution to the local environment. In response, many Southeast Asian countries are putting more restrictions on plastic waste imports, forcing the rubbish into less controlled markets, such as Indonesia and India.
At a United Nations conference, 180 countries are discussing a suggestion that plastic waste exporters should ask for permission in advance from the countries that will receive the waste. But ecologists from the University of Texas stated, “Changes can’t come soon enough.” They added, “‘We are killing ourselves by using too much plastic.’ ‘We are too dependent on plastic…’ ‘Please manage and handle your own rubbish.’ Such voices would not stop in the near future…” Greenpeace also concludes that the best solution does not lie in improving, recycling, but in greatly reducing plastic production and consumption worldwide.
1. What made the local residents anxious? ______| A．Health problems caused by plastic waste. |
| B．The abandoned palm plantation. |
| C．The burning backyard of the factory. |
| D．Tons of non-recyclable plastic. |
| A．Boom. |
| B．Disorder. |
| C．Development. |
| D．Promotion. |
| A．Developing countries lack enough facilities. |
| B．Developed countries will take action soon. |
| C．The situation of plastic waste is very terrible. |
| D．There are practical ways to handle plastic waste. |
| A．Plastic waste caused serious results. |
| B．People are too dependent on plastic. |
| C．China banned importing plastic waste. |
| D．Plastic waste is a concern of the world. |
After her father caught the coronavirus (新冠病毒), Sumoma Khnom managed to find a bed for him at Dhaka Medial College Hospital. The hospital was already crowded with too many patients. This was not her only problem. Her family did not have enough money to buy food. And she was extremely tired. But then, some comfort came.
Volunteers working for the Bidyanondo Foundation, social organization, brought her family a gift basket. It was filled with fruit —oranges, apples, and lemons —as well as other food. There was also a get-well card for her father. It read,"We are here to stand by you."
The Bidyanondo Foundation, established in 2013, is known for its food assistance (援助) programs for street children and the poor. Now it is also famed for building awareness (意识) of COVID-19 in the community. Its name, Bidyanondo, means"learn for fun".
Since June 1, the group has given out about 1.400 gift baskets In March. the Dhaka Tribune reported that the foundation was giving out protective things such as face masks (口罩) and hand cleaner. Yeasin said that the first responsibility of the foundation is to support patients and build awareness. However, it does not want doctors and other health workers to be forgotten "Many health workers are saying outside home, away from their families to provide health care,"he said"We wanted to thank them. They also need mental(精神上的) support.
So, the foundation has sent health care workers thank you cards. One reads, “We become brave to do more (for people) seeing your effort, we know you will continue [to] fight to save our lives if we become ill tomorrow. ” Many support Biyanondo’s efforts. Sumona Khanom said she was thankful that the foundation has come forward to help her father "I hope, "she said, "They would offer to help all other fathers."
1. Why did Sumona Khanom have difficulty in finding a bed for her father?(no more than 10 words)2. What did the Bidyanondo Foundation bring to Sumona Khanom's family?(no more than 10 words)
3. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 probably mean? (1 word)
4. Whom may Bidyanondo Foundation serve for? (no more than 10 words)
5. If there is a similar foundation in your school, will you take part in it as a volunteer? And why? ( no more than 25 words)
【推荐3】Seasonality is a big part of business. For some industries, seasonal patterns are a defining feature. Agriculture is one obvious example; tourism another. Western toymakers notch up a huge proportion of their annual sales during Christmas. Construction is harder during cold weather, when that industry employs fewer people.
Firms less obviously tied to the seasons can still be deeply affected by them, as a recent review by Ian Hohm of the University of British Columbia makes clear. An analysis of social-media posts on the Internet found that dieting-related posts peak in the spring, as the season of body dysmorphia (变形) approaches.
Even when overall demand doesn’t vary greatly between the seasons, preterences change. Beef-eaters buy roasts in the slow-cooking winter season and plump for steaks during the summer months. Starbucks is among those firms that make seasonality a marketing event. The pumpkin-spiced latte is a reliable sign that autumn is on its way, along with falling leaves.
Seasonality also leaves a less obvious imprint (印记) inside organisations. This week, with so many bosses stuck on a mountain for the World Economic Forum’s annual meeting in Davos, productive employees can get on with some work and lazy ones can relax. School holidays offer an obvious form of seasonality, when employees without children are upset that they are covering for colleagues on holiday, and colleagues on holiday are upset that they have children.
Pay decisions are seasonal events, too. The time when employees find out their salary rises and bonuses sets off disappointment and happiness in all workplaces. In some, they are more like tsunamis. The actual date on which bonuses are paid matters too — once the money is safely put in the bank, people are more likely to move jobs.
There are other forms of corporate seasonality. While there isn’t much research on the impact of seasonality within firms, it’s certain that they have their own annual rhythms.
1. Why do people focus on dieting in spring posts according to the analysis?| A．They want to take time to get refreshed in spring. |
| B．They fear the summer heat will ruin their health. |
| C．They fear summer will reveal their body shapes. |
| D．They suffer a lack of proper food during winter. |
| A．Throw away. | B．Decide on. | C．Rule out. | D．Turn up. |
| A．Being unable to relax in the absence of the boss. |
| B．Staying in step with the change of the seasons. |
| C．Accompanying the children of their colleagues. |
| D．Sharing the work of the employees with children. |
| A．Companies Have Their Own Seasonal Rhythms |
| B．School Holidays Have an Effect on Companies |
| C．Corporate Seasonality Has Vast Social Effect |
| D．Employees Must Watch Beyond the Seasons |
【推荐1】All over the world people enjoy sports, Sports help to keep people healthy and happy, and to live longer.
Many people like to watch others play games. They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games. They often get very excited when "their" player or team wins.
Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for(参加) them. Football, for example, has spread(展开)around the world. Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake, whether in China, Egypt or Italy! And think of people in cold countries. Think how many love to skate or ski (滑雪) in Japan, Norway or Canada.
Some sports or games go back thousands of years, like running or jumping. Chinese wushu, for example, has a very long history. But basketball and volleyball are rather new. Neither one is a hundred years old yet. People are inventing new sports or games all the time. Water-skiing is one of the newest in the family of sports.
People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game together they often become good friends. Sports help to train(培养,训练) a person’s character(性格,品格). One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace(胜不骄，败不馁).
1. Why do people all over the world enjoy sports?| A．Because sports keep them healthy. |
| B．Because sports keep them happy. |
| C．Because they want to live longer. |
| D．All the above. |
| A．their favorite team wins | B．they win the game |
| C．they get the good news | D．they can’t help themselves |
| A．Water-skiing. | B．Basketball. | C．Volleyball. | D．Jumping. |
【推荐2】I started considering the power of dogs during one of my daily walks around my neighborhood. Almost invariably, I’ll run into at least one person walking his dog. It’s a joyous moment to approach the dog and pet it. I always walk away from these exchanges feeling just a bit more relaxed and happy. And that got me wondering: Could these short interactions with other people’s dogs actually be good for me?
“Absolutely. I think it is safe to say that animals are beneficial to our mental and physical health,” says Nancy Gee, a professor of psychology at Virginia Commonwealth University. Gee says there’s some evidence that the act of actually touching a dog might be an important part of the calming effect. For instance, one study done in Canada found college students reported less stress and reduced feelings of homesickness after brief interactions with dogs, and that the effect was much bigger in those who actually got to pet the animals.
Now, the therapy (治疗) dogs used in research are screened for things like friendliness, good behavior and responsiveness to their handler’s cues (提示). And of course, not everyone is a dog person. “Pets are not a panacea (灵丹妙药),” Gee says. “They’re not necessarily going to be great for every single person. But for people who really connect with the animals, they can make a big difference.”
Research on the health benefits of human interactions with animals, especially with dogs, has exploded in recent years, thanks to the support of the National Institutes of Health and the Waltham PetCare Science Institute. Though the field is still young, Gee says the quality of the evidence is improving all the time, including more randomized controlled trials looking at short interactions. “We’re seeing really nice effects,” she says. “We actually saw those effects one month later. And there’s some evidence that they may exist six months later.”
1. Why does the author mention his interactions with dogs?| A．To praise his neighbor. | B．To erase people’s doubts. |
| C．To introduce the topic. | D．To voice his views on life. |
| A．They disliked raising pets. | B．They enjoyed much respect. |
| C．They were very academic. | D．They became less homesick. |
| A．It has seen sound development. | B．It cuts the cost of saving animals. |
| C．It ensures humans a bright future. | D．It makes some medicine affordable. |
| A．Walking Improves the Quality of Life | B．Petting Dogs Can Boost Your Health |
| C．Animals Might Lift Patients’ Spirits | D．Happiness Lies in Helping Others |
【推荐3】You get up in the morning and look into the mirror. Your face is firm and young-looking. In 2035, medical technology is better than ever. Many people could live to be 150, so at 40, you’re not old at all. And your parents just had an anti-aging medicine. Now, all three of you look the same age!
You say to your shirt, “Turn red.” It changes from blue to red. In 2035, “smart clothes” contain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in your body. The particles can be programmed to change your clothes’ color.
You walk into the kitchen. You pick up the milk, but a voice says, “You shouldn’t drink that!” Your fridge has read the chip that contains information about the milk, and it knows the milk is out of date. In 2035, every article of food in the store has such a chip.
It’s time to go to work. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell your “smart car” where to go. On the way, you can call a friend using your jacket sleeve. Such “smart technology” is all around you.
So will all these things come true? “For new technology to succeed” says scientist Andrew Zoll, “it has to be so much better than it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is one example—what will be the next?
1. In 2035, many people could live to be 150 because of ________.| A．the magical mirror |
| B．the magical food |
| C．the good scientists |
| D．the better medical technology |
| A．mirror | B．clothes |
| C．food | D．cars |
| A．everyone will look the same |
| B．people will never get old |
| C．clothes can change the color by themselves |
| D．people can get fresh milk anytime from the fridge |
| A．Food and Clothing in 2035 |
| B．Welcome to Your Future Life! |
| C．Medical Technology of the Future |
| D．What Will Be the Next? |
【推荐1】One of a doctors’ most valuable tools is his nose. Since ancient times, medics have relied on their sense of smell to help them work out what is wrong with their patients. Fruity odors (气味) on the breath, for example, let them monitor the condition of diabetics (糖尿病病人).
But doctors can, as it were, smell only what they can smell—and many compounds characteristic of disease are odorless. To deal with this limitation, Hossam Haick, a chemical engineer at the Technion Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, has developed a device which, he claims, can do work that the human nose cannot.
The idea behind Dr. Haick’s invention is not new. Many diagnostic “breathalysers” already exist, and sniffer dogs, too, can be trained to detect illnesses such as cancer. Most of these approaches, though, are disease-specific. Dr. Haick wanted to generalize the process.
As he describes in ACS Nano, he and his colleagues created a series of electrodes made of carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管). Each of these had one of 20 organic films laid over it. Each film was sensitive to one of a score of compounds known to be found on the breath of patients suffering from a range of 17 illnesses, including Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and bladder cancer. When a film reacted, its electrical resistance changed in a predictable manner. The combined changes produced an electrical fingerprint that would be diagnostic of the disease a patient was suffering from.
To test their invention, Dr. Haick and his colleagues collected 2,808 breath samples from 1,404 patients who were suffering from at least one of the diseases. Its success varied. It could distinguish between samples from patients suffering from gastric cancer and bladder cancer only 64% of the time. At distinguishing lung cancer from head and neck cancer it was, though, 100% successful. Overall, it got things right 86% of the time. Not perfect, but a useful aid to a doctor planning to conduct further investigations. And this is only the first model. Slightly adjusted, its success rate would be expected to improve.
1. How useful is nose to doctors?| A．They can smell what other people can’t. |
| B．They could tell which diseases are odorless. |
| C．They diagnose illness through their sense of smell. |
| D．They will apply new device to helping with diagnosing illness. |
| A．It can help detect more than one disease. |
| B．It is made of a series of electrodes. |
| C．It works through analyzing patients’ electrical fingerprints. |
| D．It can be used to help diagnose cancers. |
| A．It’s the first invention by using principle of sense of smell. |
| B．It will be a useful tool in diagnosing lung cancer. |
| C．Its success rate differs from patient to patient. |
| D．It can successfully tell Bladder cancer from other cancers. |
| A．High Tech in diagnosing illness | B．A new way in diagnosing illness |
| C．Diagnosing illness can be easy | D．Diagnosing illness by smell |
【推荐2】Have you ever lined up? How do you feel? Most of us line up a large number of times during our lives. Waiting lines are such a thorn in our sides at popular destinations — Disney World, the Empire State Building — that many of us are willing to pay to avoid lines.
Culture has much to do with how we handle waiting lines. The British are the best people in the world at waiting in lines. I’ve never seen a people less concerned with lines than the British.
If you’ve been to Wimbledon you know what I mean. There are no online ticket sales for this fortnight of tennis. You queue up for hours, often a half day or more with 8,0000 others on a golf course near the stadium, suffering whatever rain, wind or sun.
It is an unwritten but ever present rule at Wimbledon that you never talk about or even admit that the queue exists. You’ll hear and participate in every conversation imaginable while waiting. It’s not really possible to jump or break-in a queue at Wimbledon because of the stewards and the time-dated stamps they hand out, and it’s considered bad behavior anywhere by the British.
Some places such as restaurants in Canada and in the States are getting wise. The host or hostess greets you, and says politely. “Sorry, but it will be about 45 minutes!” Almost always you’ll be seated in just 20 to 30 minutes. It’s called managing expectations. But, now you’re very happy as if you had something to do with getting a table earlier.
Finally, technology promises to save some queuing time. In the years ahead, stores will adopt Apple’s methods, with every salesperson capable of taking payments. Then the lines will disappear.
With age, perhaps, comes wisdom. I do whatever I can to avoid activities where queues are quite common. But you can’t always avoid lines, so I make the best of them. I usually start conversations with total strangers in a queue... at the very least you open yourself up to an opportunity for an engaging conversation. Queues, like life, have a lot to do with attitudes.
1. Why does the author say that waiting lines are a thorn in our sides?| A．Lining up makes us hurt. | B．We have to pay to avoid lines. |
| C．We spend most of our life queuing. | D．Waiting lines are unavoidable in our life. |
| A．you will be fined if you break in | B．everybody is used to waiting long |
| C．people prove the existence of queues | D．the waiting time depends on the weather |
| A．Reducing waiting times at queue lines. | B．Haring high expectation for customers. |
| C．Tying lo live up to customers’ expectations. | D．Letting customers wait shorter than they expected. |
| A．Positive. | B．Unclear. | C．Annoyed. | D．Indifferent. |
【推荐3】Cocktails enjoy a high reputation and popularity among urban youth. And of course there is no one preferred cocktail recipe. Know a bit about the various types and you will be able to pick out or even mix your finest cocktail next time.
Base
A base is the principal ingredient of a cocktail. A base is typically a single spirit (烈酒) such as rum, gin, or whiskey, and typically makes up 75 percent or more of the total volume of the cocktail before adding ice.
V odka-based cocktails
A Bloody Mary is a cocktail containing vodka, tomato juice, and other spices and flavorings. In the United States, Bloody Mary is usually consumed in the morning or early afternoon, and is popular as a hangover(宿醉) cure. A Long Island Ice Tea has a much higher alcohol concentration (approximately 22 percent) than most highball drinks. A Cosmo, short for Cosmopolitan, is a drink that combines vodka, cranberry juice, lime juice, and triple sec in a cocktail shaker.
Tequila-based cocktails
A Tequila Sunrise is a cocktail made of tequila, orange juice, and grenadine syrup. A Margarita is a cocktail consisting of tequila, orange liqueur, and lime juice often served with salt on the rim of the glass.
Rum-based cocktails
A Pina Colada is a sweet cocktail made with rum, coconut milk, and pineapple juice. A Mojito is a simple mixed drink that’s made of rum, mint, and lime.
Whiskey-based cocktails
A Whiskey Sour is a mixed drink containing whiskey, lemon juice, sugar, and optionally, a dash of egg white. Irish Coffee is a cocktail consisting of hot coffee, Irish whiskey, and sugar, stirred and topped with cream.
1. Which cocktail would be better for you if you are very drunk?| A．Whiskey Sour. | B．Long Island Ice Tea. |
| C．Bloody Mary. | D．Irish Coffee. |
| A．Five. | B．Seven. | C．Nine. | D．Eleven. |
| A．To show how to make cocktails. | B．To explain a cultural phenomenon. |
| C．To sell cocktails. | D．To introduce cocktails. |
