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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:180 题号:12475126

The Gatais used to frown when they received power bills that routinely topped $200. Last September the couple moved into a 1,500-square-foot home in Premier Gardens, a subdivision of 95 “zero-energy homes” (ZEH) just outside town. Now they’re actually eager to see their electricity bills. The grand total over the 10 months they’ve lived in the three-bedroom house: $75. For the past two months they haven’t paid a cent.

ZEH communities are the leading edge of technologies that might someday create houses that produce as much energy as they consume. Premier Gardens is one of a half-dozen subdivisions in California where every home cuts power consumption by 50%, mostly by using low-power appliances and solar panels.

Aside from the panels on the roof, Premier Gardens looks like a community of conventional homes. But inside, special windows cut power bills by blocking solar heat in summer and retaining indoor warmth in winter.

The rest of the energy savings comes from the solar units. They don’t just feed the home they serve. If they generate more power than the home is using, the excess flows into the utility’s power grid (电网). The residents are billed by “net metering”: they pay for the amount of power they tap off the grid, less the kilowatts (千瓦) they feed into it. If a home generates more power than it uses, the bill is zero.

That sounds like a bad deal for the power company, but it’s not. Solar homes produce the most power on the hot sunny afternoons when everyone rushes home to turn up the air conditioner. “It helps us lower usage at peak power times,” says solar expert Mike Keesee. “That lets us avoid building costly plants or buying expensive power at peak usage time.”

What’s not to like? Mostly the costs. The special features can add $25000 or more to the purchase price of a house. Tax breaks bring the cost down, especially in California, but in many states ZEHs can be prohibitively expensive. For the consumer, it’s a matter of paying now for the hardware to save later on the utilities.

1. Why are the Gatais eager to see their electricity bills now?
A.They want to see how much they have saved.
B.They want to cut down their utility expenses.
C.They want to know if they are able to pay.
D.They want to avoid being overcharged.
2. What is special about the ZEH communities?
A.They have created cutting-edge technologies.
B.They aim to produce enough power themselves. .
C.They are subdivided into half a dozen sections.
D.They are built in harmony with the environment.
3. How are the residents in the ZEH communities billed for electricity use?
A.They are only charged for the amount of power they consume on rainy days.
B.They needn’t pay a single cent for their power consumption on sunny days.
C.They only pay for the excess power that flows into the utility’s power grid.
D.They pay for the electricity from the grid less their home-generated power.
4. What does the “net metering” practice mean to the power company?
A.More pressure at peak time.
B.Less profits in the short term.
C.Increased electricity output.
D.Reduced operational costs.
5. The author believes that buying a house in a ZEH community ________.
A.is but a dream for average consumers
B.gives the owner substantial tax benefits
C.is a worthy investment in the long run
D.contributes to environmental protection

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【推荐1】Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, they’re a shelter from the stresses of day-to-day life.     1     If you’re considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.

Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like.     2     You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.

    3     Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card? There are lots of modern ones, as well as originals, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.

Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago.     4     Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device — pretty cool.

Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have notice boards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers.     5    

A.Libraries help people learn.
B.Libraries help educate the kids.
C.They create a great sense of community.
D.You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E.Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F.Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.
G.For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, a lifeline to the world.
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【推荐2】Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place?     1     And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why. They found that one-half of the brain “remains more awake” than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.

The researchers said this appears a case of the brain keeping people ready for trouble in a new place. Many people report they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home.     2    “In Japan, they say, ‘if you change your pillow, you can’t sleep in a new place.’”said Yuka Sasaki, one of the report’s authors. The researchers measured brain waves for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory.     3    

They found during the first night the left hemisphere(半球) of the brain was more active than the right hemisphere. Sasaki said a lot of questions remain.     4     So, they don’t know if the left hemisphere keeps “watch” all night. Or whether it “works in shifts” with the right hemisphere later in the night. They also do not know why the extra brain activity, at least during the first phase of deep sleep, is always on the left hemisphere.

    5     It is good to know that our brain is “looking out for us,” in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That extra brain activity, at least according to this new research, makes it harder to get the sleep people need to wake up well-rested in the morning.

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F.Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long.
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【推荐3】Huge numbers of migrating (迁徙) birds visit cities all around the world on their extraordinary journeys, which often cover thousands of kilometers. Some appear to be attracted by light. Others seem to enjoy the food on offer. But cities are not always friendly to outsiders. Some migrating birds, for example, are killed by cats while others collide (碰撞) with buildings.

What draws birds to big cities in the first place? It could largely be to do with light, says Barbara Frei at Environment and Climate Change Canada, a department of the Canadian government. No one knows exactly why birds are attracted to artificial light at night but there is enough evidence for this effect. One possibility, Frei says, is that birds which use starlight and other phenomena to navigate (导航) are naturally attracted by points of light.

More than 100 years ago, the Irish ornithologist (鸟类学家) Charles Patten was stationed at a lighthouse off the coast of Ireland where he observed this phenomenon first-hand. According to his reports, groups of migrating birds would fly towards the lighthouse and, unfortunately for them, crash into its windows. But back then, sources of very bright, artificial light were uncommon, whereas today electric light is visible practically everywhere at night.

It is important to ensure that cities are accommodating for wildlife, says Frei. Bird migration routes just happen to bring them close to many cities all around the world, and our bright light draws them in. Frei proposes that urban planning take this into account. The designers of every new park or housing estate could include some plants suitable for birds and other species, for instance. “We should plan it for all different things together——it’s good for people; it’s good for the planet; It’s good for the wildlife.” she asserts. “we need to think of cities as ecosystems. if we think about it, we are the masters of this ecosystem and we can decide how to manage this place.”

1. Which problem may be faced by migrating birds in the city?
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D.Man-made light sources were rich in the past.
4. What suggestion does Frei make for future urban planning?
A.Ecosystems should be better protected.
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