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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:122 题号:12524987

Com has been a significant part in American food since before European arrival. After the Civil War, grits(粗玉米粉), which are made out of corn, became a diet mainstay(支柱) because water-powered mills turned up. They were relatively inexpensive and could be eaten with almost anything, making it possible for everyone to enjoy.

Grits are usually cooked with water, cream and butter over the course of many hours. There can be varied types of grits from smooth to grainy. There are even instant grits for those without the hours to cook. Worth noting is that sugar is not typically added.

Grits can be served for breakfast, lunch and dinner, but they’re commonly used as a base, usually topped with seafood and a delicious sauce. It’s a dish eaten by everyone from sitting presidents to blue-collar workers in a variety of ways, both in fine dining restaurants and oily spoons.

Shrimp and grits is the most well-known dish incorporating grits, especially in coastal areas like Charleston, South Carolina. It was originally a fisherman’s breakfast, a hearty meal before a long day of work, and today, it’s found on menus throughout the nation.

Chefs have also become creative with the dish, adding modern elements to the traditional. Mashama Bailey has a foie gras(鹅肝酱) and grits dish at The Grey in Savannah, Georgia. Edward Lee has prepared it like the porridge his Korean parents cooked during his growing up, but uses Kentucky’s Wiesenberger grits. Nathalie Dupree has made her career on the dish with her cookbook titled “Shrimp and Grits” , while Virginia Willis has appropriately titled “Grits”.

1. Why did grits become main food?
A.Com played a key role.B.Dried com was extremely cheap.
C.The Civil War broke out.D.Water-powered mills showed up.
2. What can we learn about grits from Paragraph 3?
A.They are popular among all walks of life.B.They are smooth to feel.
C.They are placed on top of other foods.D.They are expensive to purchase.
3. What breakfast did South Carolina fisherman like?
A.Grits with Shrimp.B.Grits with sugar.C.Grits with butter.D.Grits with cream.
4. Why does the author mention Lee’s parents?
A.To introduce Lee’s upbringing experiences.B.To promote Lee’s cooking techniques.
C.To explain a modern flavor of grits.D.To advertise a newly-published cookbook.

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文章大意:本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了研究人员通过机器学习的方法,利用计算机在大量数据中比较研究了数百个可能影响心力衰竭风险的因素,发现喝咖啡比其他饮食因素更能降低心力衰竭的长期风险,但还需要进行更多的研究来确定最合适的咖啡量及饮用方法。

【推荐1】A large analysis looked at hundreds of factors that might influence the risk of heart failure and found one dietary factor in particular that was associated with a lower risk: drinking coffee.

The analysis included extensive, decades-long data from three large health studies with 21,361 participants, and used a method called machine learning that uses computers to find meaningful patterns in large amounts of data.

“Usually, researchers pick things that they suspect would be risk factors for heart failure—smoking, for example- and then look at smokers vs nonsmokers,” said the senior author, Dr. David P. Kao at the University of Colorado. “But machine learning identifies variables (变量) that are predictive of either increased or decreased risk, but that you haven’t necessarily thought of.”

Using this technique, Dr. Kao and his colleagues found 204 variables that were associated with the risk of heart failure. Then they looked at the 41 strongest factors, which included smoking, blood pressure and the consumption of various foods. In all studies, coffee drinking was associated more strongly than any other dietary factor with a decreased long term risk of heart failure.

Drinking a cup a day or less had zero effect but two cups a day contributed to a 31 percent reduced risk, and three cups reduced the risk by 29 percent There were not enough subjects who drank more than three cups daily to know if more coffee would decrease the risk further.

The study was not able to account for different types of coffee or brewing (冲泡) methods, or the use of additives like sugar or cream. Then should you start drinking coffee or increase the amount you already drink to reduce your risk of heart failure? “We don’t know enough from the results of this study to recommend this,” said Dr. Kao, adding that additional research would be needed.

1. What does machine learning do in the study?
A.It offers a thorough analysis.B.It compares opposite factors.
C.It finds patterns in limited data.D.It helps choose the participants.
2. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A.One cup a day or less is healthy.B.The more coffee, the lower the risk.
C.Two cups a day leads to the lowest risk.D.The ideal daily intake of coffee is unclear.
3. What is Dr. Kao’s attitude to the results of the study?
A.UnbelievableB.Worried.C.Cautious.D.Satisfied
4. What does the author mainly talk about in the text?
A.A factor in lower risk of heart failure.B.A way to avoid heart failure.
C.Reasons for drinking coffee.D.Benefits of coffee.
2023-06-10更新 | 41次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中 (0.65)
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【推荐2】Does your mouth water when you think of cookies, burgers and French fries? Many people prefer junk food like this to healthy food because they develop a taste for it. Processed, baked, and fried foods often contain a high amount of trans fats.

Trans fats raise bad cholesterol (胆固醇) and lower the good cholesterol that your body needs. Fatty foods do more than cause people to gain too much weight. Trans fats build up in the body and block blood flow to the heart. People whose diet contains a high percentage of trans fats are at risk of developing heart disease or having a stroke.

Food companies and restaurants choose to use trans fat oils because they’re cheap and they make food like crackers and baked goods last longer. They also improve the taste of food. Trans fats became very popular in the second half of the 20th century. This is around the time butter got a bad name for its cholesterol levels. People were told to use margarine (人造黄油) containing trans fats instead because it was “healthier”, but we now know that butter is actually the healthier option.

We all need some fat in our diet. There are three different types of fats: saturated (饱和的) fats, unsaturated fats and trans fats. Doctors recommend that we get most of our fatty calories from unsaturated fats. Neither butter nor margarine fit this category, though other spreads like peanut butter do. Reading the list of ingredients on the label is a good way of avoiding dangerous ingredients like trans fats. Another way is to avoid eating out, especially in fast food restaurants. Also, when shopping try to buy the majority of your food in the fresh-food section and limit the amount of processed and packaged food you buy. You might not think this is important if you’re young, but the choices you make now will affect you for the rest of your life.

1. Food companies and restaurants use trans fat oils to________.
A.make food more freshB.make food more delicious
C.make food less expensiveD.make food of better quality
2. Which would doctors now say is the healthiest?
A.Margarine.B.Butter.C.Chocolate.D.Peanut butter.
3. Who will least likely suffer from heart disease?
A.People that prefer to eat out very often.
B.Those who always buy processed and packaged food.
C.Those whose diet contains large amounts of trans fats.
D.People who avoid buying food with dangerous ingredients.
4. What’s the writer’s attitude towards trans fats?
A.SupportiveB.Interested.C.Puzzled.D.Opposed.
2021-11-12更新 | 191次组卷
阅读理解-阅读单选(约270词) | 适中 (0.65)

【推荐3】Although many countries love their tea,UK citizens are particularly proud of being"tea people". The average UK citizen consumes nearly 2 kilograms of tea each year.

Tea only made its way to England in large quantities in the first years of the 17th century.Tea from China and a few other Asian countries was being sold more widely in England at that time. Then tea was getting more and more popular among different social classes.

There are many varieties of tea. Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in the UK. Black tea is dark in colour, because the leaves have been allowed to oxidize(氧化)before drying. This is why we usually serve it with milk, although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon. You may still find tea made with loose tea leaves, served up in a pot, and poured into the best china cups with saucers(茶托)for visitors.

Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today,but it seems to be on the decrease.The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10%in the five years leading up to 2002,and has been dropping ever since.Tea sales fell by 6%in 2014 alone,and most restaurants report selling more than twice as many cups of coffee as they do tea. More than £ 1 billion was spent on coffee in high street stores in 2013,more than twice what was spent on tea bags.

Still, what goes around comes around; it's sure to become fashionable again.

1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.UK citizens take pride in being “tea people”.
B.The UK seldom serves black tea with lemon.
C.Tea made its way to England in the early 16th century.
D.Tea from China is being sold more widely in England now.
2. What can we learn from paragraph 4?
A.Tea sales have fallen by 6%since 2014.
B.Most restaurant like selling tea than coffee.
C.In 2013, the money spent on tea was f 3 billion.
D.Since 2002, the sales of tea have been on the decrease.
3. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?
A.It can never succeed again.B.The tea will become popular again.
C.Coffee is more popular than tea.D.The tea is becoming less popular.
2020-08-08更新 | 42次组卷
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