In 2018 biologist Jann Vendetti published a paper that described the discovery of five species of non-native snails and slugs（蜗牛和鼻涕虫）in Southern California. The research would not have been possible without some 1,200 volunteers who uploaded nearly 10,000 photos to the SLIME project (Snails and Slugs Living in Metropolitan Environments) on an app called iNaturalist.
“So the entire existence of that paper is dependent upon these citizen scientists. How do you credit those people?” said Greg Pauly from the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles. “There are some very specific requirements that a lot of journals and a lot of academic societies use. And those requirements largely would exclude nonprofessional scientists. And to me, that’s absurd.” That’s why Pauly, together with Vendetti, and several Australian biologists are arguing that criteria must change to recognize citizen scientists as authors on scientific journal articles.
They propose what they’re calling “group co-authorship.” The author list on Vendetti’s snail-and-slug paper includes the phrase “citizen science participants in SLIME.” But the phrase is absent when you look up the paper on Google Scholar. The publication software simply isn’t equipped to handle that kind of authorship, and so it erases the group’s vital contribution.
In another case, several years ago in Australia, a team of researchers tried to condition native lizards not to eat the poisonous cane toads. The only reason it was successful was because they partnered with the traditional landowners in northwestern Australia, and this group was called the Balanggarra Rangers.
Several journals flat-out refused to allow for the inclusion of the Rangers as group co-authors. Eventually, the researchers did convince the editors of some journals to allow it, but the group’s title was shortened, as if it was a first and last name, in online indexing software: “B. Rangers.”
The researchers argue that these errors and omissions don’t only make the critical contributions of a native community as invisible, they could also be seen as showing prejudice.
“If the person who had made that contribution was a graduate student who was trying to pursue a career in the sciences, we would all say, ‘Oh, of course that person should be a co-author’. But we don’t necessarily extend that same line of reasoning to citizen scientists.”
Allowing for group co-authorship is not a new idea. In 2004 the journal Nature published a paper titled “Initial Sequencing and Analysis of the Human Genome.” It listed as the sole author the “International Human Genome Sequencing Association.” “So let’s just choose this group-authorship model and turn it into group co-authorships. This really shouldn’t be that hard.”
1. What can be learned about Vendetti’s snail-and-slug paper?| A．It is the first paper to credit citizen scientists on the title page. |
| B．It describes snails and slugs living in metropolitan environments. |
| C．It is available on the publication software Google Scholar. |
| D．It includes 10,000 photos of snails and slugs in Southern California. |
| A．They are familiar with native animals and plants. |
| B．They make a living by hunting native lizards. |
| C．They are good business people. |
| D．They are world famous as B. Rangers. |
| A．To point out the omissions in the line of reasoning. |
| B．To highlight the contribution of a native community. |
| C．To argue against showing favor for a particular group. |
| D．To prove that not crediting citizen scientists is unfair. |
| A．expose the unfair practice in the scientific community |
| B．call for the wide recognition of group co-authorship |
| C．call on more people to become citizen scientists |
| D．explain the origin of the term group co-authorship |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】In the early years of America, the average mother had eight to ten children. Living conditions were hard. Many children died at an early age. Families needed a lot of help on the farm. So it was good to have many children.
But over the years birth rate(比率) fell. Families began to have fewer and fewer children. By 1900, the average woman had only three or four children. In 1936, during the Great Depression, the average American mother gave birth to only two children.
Things changed after World War Two. Suddenly, it seemed like every family started having babies. Parents were hopeful about the future. People felt the need for a family and security after the long, difficult years of the war. From 1950 to 1960, the number of children between the ages of five and 14 increased by more than ten million.
Many of the new parents moved to homes in the new suburbs. Usually a developer would buy land, then clear it, level it and build houses on it. Young families would buy the houses with money that they borrowed from local banks.
Life there was different. Families moving in found that their new friends were happy to help them get started. When little Bobby outgrew his clothes, his mother gave them to little Billy across the street. People felt safe enough to leave their doors unlocked.
Parents did everything they could to make life good for their children. Between 1950 and 1960, the number of boys playing on baseball teams increased from less than one million to almost six million. The number of Girl Scouts(童子军) increased by two million.
Bicycle sales doubled. And it wasn’t just two-wheeled transportation that experienced an increase after the war.
1. How did the birth rate change in America according to the passage?| A．It first fell and then rose. | B．It first rose and then fell. |
| C．It rose slowly all the time. | D．It remained the same. |
| A．A person who works in the local banks. |
| B．A person who moves from cities to the suburbs. |
| C．A person who designs and creates new products. |
| D．A person who builds and sells houses to make money. |
| A．Stressful. | B．Simple. | C．Easy. | D．Harmonious. |
| A．The increase in car production and sales. |
| B．The improvement in children’s education. |
| C．The changes in American population. |
| D．The flow of the suburban population. |
【推荐2】Early one morning in February, a team of specialists pulled up next to a building in Nottingham. They worked quickly but carefully, removing a small section of the wall on which "Hula-hoop Girl" had been painted by Banksy, an outstanding street artist. John Brandler, a collector, said that he had purchased the artwork from the building's landlord. Local residents were horrified, as the mural (壁画) had spread cheer during the lockdowns in Britain.
It was not the first time Banksy's artwork had been carried off. So many of Banksy's pieces, in particular, have been taken and sold into private collections that they have been brought together to form an exhibition. "The Art of Banksy", the world's largest display of his work, opened in London in May as a paid-for, ticketed exhibition. The show invites art lovers to take cash out to view privately held works intended to be publicly accessible and free. Banksy has criticised the practice, saying that he will not authenticate artworks removed from their original site.
Street art is an unusually risky art form. Painters rarely seek permission to turn a building into a canvas, and so while the artwork belongs to them, the backdrop does not. If they want to protect their pieces from unwanted buyers, artists should ask for permission from the building owner and sign a contract. Another different problem is posed by many street artists' decision to remain anonymous. Artists shield themselves from accusations of deliberately damaging public property by using secret identities, but potentially lose out on the chance to protect their works from copyright theft.
But the legal protections are improving as more people come to appreciate street art's value. Ina case last year, a judge found that famous graffiti (涂鸦) in New York was protected from removal because it had "significant artistic value and cultural importance". Copyright lawsuits are also increasingly common.
1. What is the main idea of the first paragraph?| A．Local residents are criticizing the removal. |
| B．Banksy's artwork was taken off by a collector. |
| C．Hula-hoop Girl has been saved by John Brandler. |
| D．Banksy is an outstanding street artist around the world. |
| A．Neutral. | B．Positive. |
| C．Indifferent. | D．Disapproving. |
| A．famous | B．modest | C．unidentified | D．autonomous |
| A．What is street art? | B．Who owns street art? |
| C．The art of Banksy | D．Value of street art |
Screen Time: How Much Is Too Much?
Many children spend a lot of time watching or playing with electronic media—from televisions to video games, computers and other devices.
Until last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) suggested that children and teenagers have no more than two hours of screen time a day. It also suggests that parents balance a child’s screen time with other activities.
Ferguson seems interested in one idea: the link between video games and violent or risky behavior. When he saw results from a recent British survey on screen time, he wanted to know more. The British study found a small negative effect—about a one percent increase—in aggression and depression among children who had six or more hours of screen time a day.
Data from this survey found that American children are also fairly resistant to the negative effects of electronic media. Among those who used screens up to six hours a day, the survey found: a 0.5 percent increase in criminal behavior; a 1.7 percent increase in signs of depression; and a 1.2 percent negative effect on school grades.
| A．Some negative experiences on social media can and do affect some children. |
| B．However, some experts question claims that too much screen time is harmful. |
| C．He wanted to see if there was a similar effect among young people in the United States. |
| D．So, it is natural that parents should wonder about all the time children spend looking at a screen. |
| E．The researchers found no increase in risky sex or driving behaviors, use of illegal substances or eating disorders. |
| F．The researchers suggested that for those children, technology use might get in the way of taking part in other important activities. |
This idea may sound like something from a science fiction (科幻小说), but it is actually being taken seriously by many researchers. This suggests the future for the "red planet" will be the main topic for discussion at an international conference hosted by NASA (美国宇航局) this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction writers will attend the event.
Turning Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction,” said Dr Michael Meyer, NASA's senior scientist for astrobiology (太空生物学)．“Now, with scientists exploring the reality, we can ask what are the real possibilities of changing Mars.”
Most scientists agree that Mars could be turned into a little earth, although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal.
But many experts are shocked by the idea. "We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet," said Paul Murdin from the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK.
Over the past months, scientists have become increasingly confident .They will find Martian life forms. Europe and America's robot explorers have found proof that water, mixed with soil, exists in large amounts on the planet.
1. The passage is about________.
| A．Mars supporting life |
| B．finding water in the Mars |
| C．a plan turning Mars into a little earth |
| D．the necessity of changing Mars |
| A．are short of confidence |
| B．will gain the support of NASA |
| C．are asking for advice on how to carry it out |
| D．realize that it’s not easy to achieve their goal |
| A．He is for the idea. |
| B．He is active in the idea. |
| C．He is against the idea. |
| D．He doesn’t care about it. |
| A．They have no idea about the plan. |
| B．They will find Martian lives very soon. |
| C．They may achieve their goals some day. |
| D．They have found much proof of Martian lives. |
【推荐2】As the world sees more and more extreme weather patterns, it’s becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of climate change. It is now a common topic of discussion and it has even found its way into the books we read. Because of this, a genre (类型) called climate fiction, or cli-fi, has found new life.
The term “cli-fi” was first used in 2007 by US climate activist and writer Dan Bloom. He wanted to make “climate fiction” more appealing. According to Bloom, the term really gained popularity when Canadian writer Margaret Atwood used it in Twitter, introducing it to her half-a-million followers.
As the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with a central theme of climate change or global warming. These kinds of books can help us imagine what the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events.
Adeline Johns-Putra is a professor of literature at Xi’ an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in Suzhou and has edited many books on climate fiction. “It’s part of a pattern,” Johns-Putra told Smithsonian Magazine. “It’s a feedback loop (环), as these books feed into our awareness and that feeds into our demand to read these books.”
The genre is also gaining popularity with high school and college students because it looks at topics that are relevant to what’s really happening today. Also, many cli-fi novels tend to have dystopian (反乌托邦的) themes, which are very popular in young adult novels.
In 2015, cli-fi author Sarah Holding wrote for The Guardian that cli-fi “reconnects young readers with their environment”, which helps them appreciate it more, “especially when today, a large amount of their time is spent in the virtual world”.
Cli-fi has also helped to inspire students to pursue science majors, with some universities even offering courses specifically focusing on climate fiction.
“These books aren’t going to save the world in any straight form or way,” Johns-Putra commented. “But they’re certainly going to help us think about how the world gets saved.”
As Atwood wrote in her dystopian cli-fi novel MaddAddam, “People need such stories, because however dark, a darkness with voices in it is better than silent space.
1. What is cli-fi?| A．Stories about country life. | B．Stories about the future. |
| C．Stories about climate change. | D．Stories with dystopian themes. |
| A．It encourages them to write their own cli-fi. |
| B．It raises their awareness of the real world. |
| C．It makes them more interested in the virtual world. |
| D．It teaches them to appreciate what they have. |
| A．They are too dark for people. |
| B．They tend to make people feel empty. |
| C．They should involve different voices. |
| D．They can get people thinking about their reality. |
| A．To introduce a new genre of writing. |
| B．To warm readers of future climate crises. |
| C．To introduce a famous US climate activist. |
| D．To inspire students to pursue science majors. |
【推荐3】Easter Island’s large and mysterious stone statues（雕像） have made it world famous. These statues, whose likenesses look like humans with huge stone cylinders(柱状物) balancing on their heads like hats, have tourists coming from all over the world. The tourists come to see these works of ancient art carved by the early inhabitants of the island. They come to see the mystery that has puzzled historians for decades.
Easter Island is located in a remote part of the South Pacific Ocean about 2,300 miles west of Chile. Easter Island covers just 45 square miles and its Polynesian name is Rapa Nui.
On Easter Sunday 1722, a Dutch explorer named Jacob Roggeveen was the first European to see Easter Island. The early Polynesians carved the statues within the holes of the volcano using only stone tools. Then they moved these huge statues to various destinations throughout the island. These 600 statues range in height from 10 to 40 feet. Some of them weigh as much as 50 tons. How could the early Polynesians lift hundreds of heavy statues out of the volcano? How did they move them across the island to their various locations? All of these questions, as well as many others, remain unanswered.
The early islanders probably worshiped(崇拜) these eyeless giants until sometime around 1670. In 1680, a war broke out between two groups of islanders. The victors of the war and ancestors of the present inhabitants, broke down many of the statues. In most cases, they broke the necks of the statues.
Now 15 of the statues on Easter Island have been repaired to their original positions on their stone platforms. Even today, using modern tools and machinery, putting up such large statues and balancing cylinders on top of their heads presents a challenging task.
1. What do we know about Easter Island?| A．It is a big island of Chile. |
| B．It is located in North Pacific Ocean |
| C．It was named after a Dutch explorer |
| D．Its early inhabitants were Polynesians |
| A．why people built the statues |
| B．where people made the statues |
| C．how people transported the statues |
| D．how many statues there are on the island |
| A．Many statues were damaged |
| B．Another 15 statues were put up |
| C．People began to worship the statues |
| D．The islanders started a war against outsiders |
| A．entertain | B．advertise |
| C．inform | D．persuade |
【推荐1】Something you may not know about End of Heat
The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. End of Heat is the 14th solar term of the year, which implies that most parts in China are getting rid of the hot summer and entering autumn. But in some areas, especially in South China, autumn is late in coming and people are still bothered by hot weather. End of Heat is also the busy harvest season for farmers.
The following are the things you should know about End of Heat.
Time for night-blooming cereus (昙花)
The night-blooming cereus is a flower full of mystery, which often blooms during the period of End of Heat. This is because the climate during End of Heat, characterized by warm days and cold nights, is similar to tropical deserts. Night-blooming cereus originates in the tropical deserts from Mexico to Brazil in South America. They blossom at night to avoid the blazing daytime sun.
Eating Duck
Duck has a sweet flavor and according to Chinese traditional medicine it has a “cool” nature. A folk tradition is to eat duck during the End of Heat period. There are many recipes for cooking duck such as roast duck, cooked duck with lemon, smoked duck with walnut dressing and sautéed duck with ginger shoots. The tradition of eating duck during the End of Heat period is still popular in China.
The Fishing Season Festival
For fishermen, the End of Heat is a season of harvest. During this period，the Fishing Season Festival is held in regions along the coastline of the East China Sea in Zhejiang province. The festival is held on the day when the fishing ban ends and fishermen can start fishing again. Due to high temperatures in the sea, stocks of fish remain and become mature. People can enjoy many kinds of seafood during this period.
1. About End of Heat, which of the following statements is true?| A．It means the whole China has entered autumn. |
| B．The areas beyond the Great Wall are still hot. |
| C．In south China, the temperature is still high. |
| D．It is the end of the harvest season for farmers. |
| A．Temperate areas. | B．Tropical areas. | C．Cold areas. | D．Polar areas. |
| A．Because there are no other animals to eat. |
| B．Because the duck has a “cool” nature. |
| C．Because it tastes especially delicious at that time. |
| D．Because there are many recipes for cooking duck. |
【推荐2】Princess Louisa Inlet, a fjord lying 60 miles from Vancouver, Canada, is a stretch of wilderness. Accessible only by boat or plane, the 6-kilometer-long area is popular with outdoor enthusiasts. Its dense forests are home to a variety of wildlife, including mountain goats, eagles, etc. Now, thanks to a crowdfunding campaign, the land will be preserved forever for future generations to enjoy.
The chain of events began in June 2019, when three neighboring privately-owned land parcels came up for sale. With several logging companies expressing interest, BC Parks Foundation knew it had to do something to save the land. Although it had “zero funds”, the nonprofit foundation agreed to acquire the land for CAN $ 3 million(US$ 2.3 million). Fortunately, the owners gave the nonprofit three months to collect the money.
After much consideration, the nonprofit decided to reach out to the general public through a crowdfunding campaign. To its surprise, money started rolling in from people worldwide. Among the donors was a class of fifth-grade students from Cambridge Elementary School in Surrey, British Columbia, who raised an impressive CAN $1,109 for the cause.
But in spite of the outpouring of support, on August 28, 2019——the day of the sale deadline, the nonprofit was still short of CAN $ 100,000. Just as the officials thought there was no chance of success, a businessman from Vancouver stepped in with the funds. He wrote, “These protected areas are our crown jewels, and I think it’s madness to consider letting them go for short-term economic gain when they always provide much more.”
“It’s just an amazing thing people have done. They together have saved the fjord,” said BC Parks Foundation CEO Andrew Day. “Hopefully we do see more of this kind of thing, in the right places at the right time.”
1. What can we say about Princess Louisa Inlet according to paragraph 1?| A．It is a wild place and not approachable. | B．It is impressive but not easily accessible. |
| C．It is likely to be at risk of being in ruins. | D．It is especially loved by indoor enthusiasts. |
| A．People’s sincere pray for the Inlet. | B．The sacrifice of logging companies. |
| C．People’s support for the campaign. | D．The permission to purchase the land. |
| A．Hopeless. | B．Cautious. | C．Annoyed. | D．Serious. |
| A．To introduce the beauty of the wilderness. | B．To stress the significance of the campaign. |
| C．To show the benefits of exploring the fjord. | D．To evaluate the value of Princess Louisa Inlet. |
【推荐3】In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh (法老) treated the message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, “Oh, boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.” I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, but for his smile.
Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile. “Oh, that bus left five minutes ago.” Dreams of head-cutting!
It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn’t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should care the feeling of the receiver.
Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you are tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’t ready yet? When you have your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as a traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.
Had my neighbour told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, “Oh, that’s all right. I’ll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they hear bad news,deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.
1. In Paragraph 1, the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to _______.| A．make a comparison | B．describe a scene |
| C．introduce a topic | D．offer an argument |
| A．not helpful | B．not considerate |
| C．friendly | D．warm-hearted |
| A．was reminded of the cruel pharaoh |
| B．was mad at the sales agent |
| C．wished that the sales agent would have had dreams |
| D．dreamed of cutting the sales agent’s head that night |
| A．Delivering bad news with sympathy is important in communication. |
| B．Helping others sincerely is the key to business success. |
| C．Receiving bad news requires great courage. |
| D．Learning ancient traditions can be useful. |
【推荐1】Humans have always been curious about what Earth was like thousands of years ago. To learn more about the plants and animals that lived during that time, scientists examine their fossils or other remains. In recent years, genetics, and in particular the the study of DNA, has become an important tool for these scientists. Some people even dream of bringing ancient creatures such as dinosaurs back to life. Although no animals have been brought back yet, scientists have managed to grow a number of ancient plants from seeds. By far theoldest of these plants is a 32,000-year-old plant that has been grown again by Russian scientists.
The plant is a flower called Silenestenophylla, which used to grow in Siberia in eastern Russia. The scientists discovered seeds and fruits of the plant buried deep below the ground. They believe the seeds and fruits were put there by an ancient animal which stored them to eat during the winter. The seeds that scientists found failed to grow because they were damaged. However, the scientists were able to take genetic material from the fruit to grow a new plant. Then, this plant produced new seeds which the scientists were able to use to grow more plants.
A modern relative of the original flower still grows in Siberia, but when the ancient flower was grown, it had some important differences from the modern flower. The petals on the ancient flower were much longer and also spaced further apart. Studying the ancient flower will allow the scientists to learn more about how plants have evolved.
Before this, the oldest seed to have been grown was from a 2,000-year-year-old tree in Israel. The Russian scientists believe the reason why the Siberian seeds were preserved for so long is that they were buried in permanently frozen earth, which protected the genetic information in the seeds. The scientists believe that the permanently frozen soil in Siberia contains many other ancient seeds, so they may be able to bring back even older plants. This will help them better understand the history of plants and how they have changed over time.
1. Recently, scientist have ________.| A．been able to bring a number of ancient animals back to life |
| B．begun using genetics to learn more about ancient plants and animals |
| C．started to create a dinosaur that could live on Earth today |
| D．tried to create new types of fossils to study how animals used to live |
| A．They used genetic material from an ancient fruit they discovered. |
| B．They used ancient seeds that they had found deep below the ground. |
| C．They planted the seeds deep in the ground to protect them during the cold winter. |
| D．They planted fruit in a new kind of container that they had specially designed. |
| A．The plant used to produce fewer flowers than it produces now. |
| B．The plant has evolved to have shorter petals on its flowers. |
| C．The ancient plant was a different color from its modern relative. |
| D．The modern plant is found across a wider area of Russia than the ancient one. |
| A．it is unlikely that they can grow plants from seeds that are over 2,000 years old |
| B．ancient seeds that were kept in Israel will be easier to grow than Russian seeds |
| C．they will be able to grow plants in areas where the earth is permanently frozen |
| D．the frozen soil in Siberia is able to keep the DNA of plants safe for a long time |
| A．Russian scientists would like to use frozen earth to protect seeds. |
| B．Human DNA can be used to help scientists learn more about the genetic history of plants. |
| C．The fruit and seeds of Silenestenophylla may have been buried by an ancient animal. |
| D．The first plant that had flowers grew in Siberia over 32,000 years ago. |
【推荐2】It is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we’re thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should limit it to just a few weeks in the year? Gratitude（感恩）is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.
Gratitude builds empathy. We often take for granted the simple things in life. Those who recognize the goodness in life, no matter how simple or automatic, are more likely to be sensitive to the needs of others and to help whenever they can. Being empathetic to others’ opinions, experiences and backgrounds will make you a better professional, no matter your career.
Through his research, Emmons, a leading researcher, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren’t. In the workplace, well-being（健康快乐）is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated are more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Offering fitness classes or carrying out flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.
Working in a developing, fast-paced industry, we are often surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving（奋斗）for more and better. Gratitude makes us more self-aware. It challenges us to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what’s going on in our life, and that true self-awareness is a key factor to being successful in our career.
Gratitude is a powerful tool for making relationships stronger, both at work and in our personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create relatively long-lasting connections.
During my month-long vacation, I made it a point to be reflective during the time I had without disturbances or deadlines. Part of that was making a mental list of the people, things and experiences I was grateful for in my life. I decided to reach out to my fifth-grade teacher and thank her for being positive instructor and a strong influence on my life.
The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. Taking the time to thank people for their work, kindness or empathy-whether it was today, last month or many years ago-makes you happier, healthier and more self-aware. And that’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.
1. What does the underlined word “empathy” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．The feeling of being sorry for others’ problems. |
| B．The desire to help people in difficult situations. |
| C．The ability to understand other people’s feelings. |
| D．The feeling of pleasure or satisfaction towards others. |
| A．People who have self-awareness can succeed without effort. |
| B．Grateful people will live a much longer life than ungrateful people. |
| C．Wise enterprises should raise the employees’ sense of well-being. |
| D．Gratitude can ensure the relationship between people is unbreakable. |
| A．To encourage people to contact with teachers. |
| B．To show it’s never too late to express gratitude. |
| C．To order people to keep long-lasting connection. |
| D．To present that his teacher greatly influenced him. |
| A．Being Grateful Year-Round. |
| B．The Season for Gratitude. |
| C．The Way to Show Thanks. |
| D．The Special Holiday of Gratitude. |
David Grant has become a familiar face to millions of fans of Animal Hospital. Here Dr Grant tells us the very best of his personal stories about the animals he has treated, including familiar patients such as the dogs Snowy and Duchess, the delightful cat Marigold Serendipity Diamond. He also takes the reader behind the scenes at Harmsworth Memorial Animal Hospital as he describes his day, from ordinary medical check-ups to surgery. Tales From Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the program and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet, whether it be cat, dog or snake!
£14.99 Hardback 272pp Simon Schuster
ISBN 0751304417
Isaac Newton: The Last Sorcerer Micheal White
From the author of Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science, comes this colorful description of the life of the world’s first modern scientist. Interesting yet based on fact, Michael White’s learned yet readable new book offers a true picture of Newton completely different from what people commonly know about him. Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.
£18.99 Hardback 320pp Fourth Estate
ISBN 1857024168
Fermat’s Last Theorem Simon Singh
In 1963 a schoolboy called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the world’s greatest mathematical problem: Fermat’s Last Theorem ( 定 理 ). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. Through unbelievable determination Andrew Wiles finally worked out the problem in 1995. An unusual story of human effort over three centuries, Fermat’s Last Theorem will delight specialists and general readers alike.
£12.99 Hardback 384pp Fourth Estate
ISBN 1857025210
1. What is Animal Hospital?| A．A news story. | B．A popular book. |
| C．A research report. | D．A TV program. |
| A．a person who did not look the same as in many pictures |
| B．a person who lived a colorful and meaningful life |
| C．a great but not perfect man |
| D．an old-time magician |
| A．Simon Singh | B．Andrew Wiles |
| C．Pierre de Fermat | D．a French woman scientist |
