It would be easy to believe that Mother’s Day was created by a greeting card company. After all, the day is celebrated with special sales and brunches, lots of presents and massive advertising campaigns. But the day was actually conceived more than a century ago by Anna Jarvis of West Virginia as a way of honoring the sacrifices mothers made for their children.
Jarvis’s mother, Ann Reeves Jarvis, helped start “Mothers’ Day Work Clubs,” teaching women how to care for their children. During the Civil War, she organized “Mothers’ Friendship Day,” where mothers of Union and Confederate soldiers met to try to promote harmony. The younger Jarvis Was inspired by all the things her mother had accomplished with her social work.
When Jarvis was young, she overheard her mother praying, “I hope and pray that someone, sometime, will find a memorial mother’s day honoring her for the matchless service she offers to humanity in every field of life.” When her mom died in 1905, Jarvis looked through all the sympathy cards she received. She underlined all the kind words that praised her mother, reading them over and over. The outpouring of kindness for her mother inspired her to create a day to honor all mothers.
The white carnation was her mother’s favorite flower, so it became the symbol for the day. She said it symbolized the truth, purity and charity of a mother’s love. Her idea of celebrating Mother’s Day was wearing a carnation while visiting your mother or maybe going to church together. Children were also encouraged to write letters to their mothers, sharing the depths of their appreciation.
The first official Mother’s Day events were held on May 10. 1908, at the church where her mother taught Sunday School in Grafton, West Virginia, and at the Wanamaker’s department store auditorium(礼堂)in Philadelphia. Jarvis didn’t attend the event in Grafton, but she sent 500 white carnations.
1. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “conceived” in paragraph 1?A.Thought up | B.Figured out. |
C.Found out. | D.Believed in. |
A.She created Mother’s Day. | B.She was active in social work. |
C.She joined in the American Civil War. | D.She taught Jarvis how to care for children. |
A.Pray for their mother’s happiness. | B.Send some flowers to their mothers. |
C.Write a letter to thank their mothers. | D.Accompany their mothers to the celebration. |
A.A Memorable Mother | B.Carnation and Mother’s Day |
C.The Greatness of a Mother | D.The Founding of Mother’s Day |
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【推荐1】World Elephant Day is the perfect time to find out more about these amazing animals and what we can do to preserve them so they do not go the way of the mammoth(猛犸象).
World Elephant Day was created in 2011 by two Canadian filmmakers Patricia Sims and Thailand’s Elephant Reintroduction Foundation and was first celebrated on August 12, 2012. They made the documentary Return to the Forest, a fascinating 30 minute film about the reintroduction of caught Asian elephants to the wild.
Currently, the demand for ivory(象牙)is becoming bigger and bigger, whose price is higher than that of gold, making elephants bigger targets than ever. Habitation loss is also a danger to the world’s elephant population as it robs elephants of the hundreds of pounds of food they need every day, making it more difficult for them to breed and making it easier for hunters to track them down. Circuses and tourism are also serious threats to the animals’ well-being.
The best way to celebrate this day is to take the opportunity to educate yourself about these magnificent(巨大的)mammals and share your knowledge with others. As ever, simply spreading the word about the dangers these magnificent mammals face via social media can actually make a real change. Expose that “training” elephants often involves tying and beating them daily for months on end. If you want to get a bit more involved, you could choose to make a donation to a foundation dedicated to protecting elephants from hunters or relocating them to locations better suited to their needs.
Whichever way suits you best, make sure that you spend this day in a way that helps elephants all over the world, so we, in turn, can continue to wonder at them and their uniquely fascinating way of life.
1. What is the main purpose of World Elephant Day?A.To collect donations for elephants. |
B.To do researchers on elephants’ life. |
C.To protect the elephants from extinction. |
D.To make films about all kinds of elephants. |
A.Human being. |
B.Severe climate. |
C.Natural environment. |
D.Limited food resource. |
A.Watching the elephant shows. |
B.Making your own films about elephants. |
C.Appealing to focus on elephant protection. |
D.Traveling to Thailand to ride trained elephants. |
A.Supplying enough food for elephants. |
B.Catching and raising elephants in the cages. |
C.Replacing elephants in suitable wild habitations. |
D.Attracting elephants to live together with human beings. |
【推荐2】Christmas Traditions
Since about 400 AD, Christmas day has been celebrated on 25th December. This date was the old mid-winter festival in pre-Christian times, around the time of the longest night and the shortest day. Christmas in the 21st century has many traditions.
Shops can make about 60 per cent of their year's income in the three months before Christmas. So most shops get ready for it in October. The shopping centres are beautifully decorated and stay open late at night. The first time this happened was in 1867 when Macys', a famous shop in New York, stayed open until midnight on Christmas Eve (24th December).
By mid-December, almost every house, shop and street has a Christmas tree. This tradition was started by the Germans as early as 700 AD. In the northern countries of the world, winter is cold and dark and most trees lose their leaves. The beautiful green trees decorated with lights and coloured glass balls give people hope that spring will come again.
Father Christmas is known across the world with his white hair, red coat and big bag of toys. Young children are told that he lives it in the north of Finland and makes toys for them. By tradition, he brings the toys to children at midnight, on the night before Christmas.
On Christmas day a traditional meal is eaten, usually turkey and a rich, spicy cake. Some people hate Christmas. Others feel it is a magical and exciting time. They love seeing family and friends; they also love the traditions. Love it or hate it, Christmas is a time to look back over the old year and forward to the new one.
1. Christmas has been celebrated ________.A.for over 3,000 years | B.for over 1,600 years |
C.since the start of the 21st century | D.for 400 years |
A.they can stay open later | B.they are beautifully decorated |
C.much of the income is made | D.more people go shopping |
A.they make people think of Germany | B.they are easy and cheap to get |
C.they lose their leaves in winter | D.they make people think of spring |
A.a real person who lives in Finland | B.a magical story for kids |
C.a character in a film | D.a real person who makes toys |
A.On Christmas day people love to visit friends. |
B.Christmas time is loved by some people and hated by others |
C.Christmas is a magical and exciting time for all. |
D.On Christmas day turkey is a traditional meal. |
【推荐3】Kite Festivals around the World
Hamamatsu Giant Kite Festival, Japan
The large kites of Japan are rectangular (矩形的),and sometimes as large as 3.5 meters by 3.5 meters! The Hamamatsu Giant Kite Festival started in the 16th century when large kites were flown in celebration of the birth of a baby son to the Lord of Hamamatsu Castle. The audience watches excitedly as the kite fliers use friction (摩擦力) to cut the lines of their matches.
Portsmouth International Kite Festival, UK
This celebration is organized by Portsmouth Oily and the Kite Society of Great Britain. The International Kite Festival is regarded as one of the best, biggest and most popular kite festivals in the world. It has thousands of amazing and colorful kites in the sky and on the ground for visitors to enjoy and appreciate, showing the art of kite flying, kite making tradition around the world and exciting kite flying competitions.
Bali Kite Festival, Indonesia
Hundreds of competing kite teams gather from all over the island to fly their traditional kites. Traditional Balinese kites are as large as up to 4 meters by 10 meters. The kite festival in Bali started off as a seasonal agricultural (农业的) festival to thank God for harvests.
The Zilker Kite Festival, US
The Zilker Kite Festival is the oldest of its kind in the United States. Created in 1929, the Zilker Kite Festival was intended to inspire the creativity of children. The festival is a beloved, family-friendly tradition: activities for all ages, a traditional kite flying competition and show, a fun run and a children’s music concert. There are many competitions held such as Most Unusual Kite, Largest Kite, Smallest Kite, and Strongest Pulling Kite.
1. Where can visitors see all kinds of kites from around the world?A.In Bali. | B.In Zilker. |
C.In Portsmouth. | D.In Hamamatsu. |
A.Bali Kite Festival. | B.The Zilker Kite Festival. |
C.Hamamatsu Giant Kite Festival. | D.Portsmouth International Kite Festival. |
A.They include competitions. |
B.They are international. |
C.They started in ancient limes. |
D.They are intended for children. |
【推荐1】If you’re ever lost in the woods or wilderness, learning some expert skills could keep you alive until rescue comes. Here is what you need to know to start a fire.
So much depends on a good fire, and not just for warmth. The flames keep dangerous animals away and make the meat safe to eat. The smoke from burning lots of green leaves and pine branches can also help you get rescued.
You often need fire most when conditions are the worst. If you haven’t tried rubbing sticks together in a non-survival situation—the friction fire method using a bow drill—chances are good that you’re going to burn precious calories to try but still end up cold.
If you have to pick one way to make fire, you need several critical stuff. “Ferro rods (铈铁棒)”are small metal rods that produce a shower of sparks as hot as 3,000 °F/1,650℃ when struck with a striker or the back of a knife. The rods are perdurable, which can stand thousands of strikes and can get wet and still work. You’ll also need “dry tinder (火绒)”, such as a bunch of dead grasses, or enough very fine wood shavings from branches. Place the tinder on a flat rock. Cotton balls mixed with petrol are ideal since they’ll catch quickly and burn for several minutes. Then gather up wood in a range of sizes for your fire.
To direct the sparks into your tinder, instead of holding the rod still and striking it with a striker or your knife, put the rod against the rock and into your tinder and hold the striker still as you pull the rod away. When you need a lot of sparks, hold the rod firmly against the rock in your tinder and rub the striker back and forth to generate sparks. Once you have a flame, add your larger tree branches in a tent shape, gradually adding bigger pieces of wood until you have an established fire.
1. What is true when it comes to being unable to try the friction fire method beforehand?A.You will miss the chance to get enough heat. |
B.You are sure to encounter the most deadly condition. |
C.You are pretty likely to fail to start a fire finally despite efforts. |
D.You will easily lose your physical strength due to the cold weather. |
A.Time-consuming. | B.Hard-wearing. | C.Eye-catching. | D.Easy-changing. |
A.Holding the rod still in the air and striking it. |
B.Rubbing against the rod again and again with tinder. |
C.Placing the rod on the tinder and striking the tinder nonstop. |
D.Pushing and pulling a striker repeatedly on the rod placed in the tinder. |
A.Build a Fire in the Wild |
B.Survive in Tough Conditions |
C.Defend Yourself Against Fire |
D.Strike the Iron While It is Hot |
【推荐2】It turns out that nodding off (睡觉) in class may not be a bad idea, as a new study has shown that going to sleep shortly after learning new materials is the best way to remember them.
According to US lead author Jessica Payne, a psychologist at the University of Notre Dame in Indiana, nodding off after learning something new is like “telling” the sleeping brain what to remember. Along with colleagues, she studied 207 students who slept for at least six hours per night. Students were randomly (随机地) assigned to study something declarative (陈述的) at 9 am or 9 pm, and returned for testing 30 minutes, 12 hours or 24 hours later.
Declarative memory refers to the ability to consciously (有意识地) remember facts and events, and can be divided into memory for events and memory for facts about the world. People use both types of memory every day — remembering where they parked today or learning how a colleague prefers to be called.
At the 12-hour retest, memory was better following a night of sleep compared to a day of wakefulness (不眠). At the 24-hour retest, with all students having received both a full night of sleep and a full day of wakefulness, students’ memories were greater when sleep happened shortly after learning rather than following a full day of wakefulness.“Our study confirms that sleeping directly after learning something new is beneficial for memory. What’s special for this study is that we have shown sleep’s influence on declarative memory,” Payne said. “Since we found that sleeping soon after learning benefited both types of memory, this means that it would be a good thing to go over any information you need to remember before going to bed. In some sense, you may be telling the sleeping brain what to consolidate (巩固).”
1. What’s the main idea of the text?A.How to improve one’s memory is a difficult problem. |
B.Nodding off after learning something new helps remember it. |
C.Students should nod off in class after they learn new materials. |
D.The best way to remember new materials is to nod off in class. |
A.Jessica Payne and her colleagues were tested |
B.207 students were eager to take the test |
C.it tested students studying something declarative |
D.people’s memory can be divided into two types |
A.students’ memories are the best if they sleep for 12 hours each day |
B.sleeping for 24 hours contributes to improving students’ memories |
C.a full day of wakefulness can make students’ memories improved greatly |
D.students’ memories are better when sleep happens shortly after learning |
A.The more you sleep, the more you remember. |
B.Go over what you want to remember before going to bed. |
C.Teachers should allow their students to sleep in class. |
D.If you want to improve your memory, you should sleep. |
【推荐3】The major obstacle to any success is procrastination (拖延), which makes us say, “Not now. Wait for the right time.” What we never understand is that the only right time is now. Start this moment, and you’ll succeed. If you wait for the right moment in the foggy future, you may be left to wait for that future and this wait goes on.
Once you know what your enemy is, you should keep yourself ready to face it. Now let me discuss how to deal with it.
Waiting for the Right Time
If you’re doing an important task, you just feel that this is not the right moment. Sometimes you feel there are some prerequisites (先决条件) undone. Or sometimes you think someone else would stand behind to support you.
What to do: Learn there is no time better than now. If you want to start a new project, just begin — call your team, draft the process and work. If you want to start a new hobby, buy the tools required, get a teacher or a good book and start off. Don’t wait till the next weekend.
Indecision
When you’re ready and excited about doing something, you sit at the table, but suddenly you’re stuck and don’t know how to proceed. Worries suffer from writer’s block. Computer programmers get stuck when collecting ideas. This is natural and happens even to experts. Professionals get some solutions, but most people feel discouraged and start losing interest in the target.
What to do: First, you must have a mentor or a friend in the same field that can help you find an inspiration. Try to prepare a track for your course with a deadline. Plan well. If you are writing a novel, write in your planner that you’ll finish the character sketch for the hero on Saturday. On Sunday, you’ll write about how the hero meets the girl. In the same way, prepare tasks for every day.
These are the two causes of procrastination. Learn to fight these and keep such situations from happening. Try not to sit idly or do worthless chores. Keep some time separate for each kind of work you have to do every day and stick to it.
1. The first paragraph is written to ________.A.attract readers’ attention | B.explain what procrastination is |
C.introduce the topic to be discussed | D.warn readers against procrastination |
A.wait for nobody to lend you a hand | B.get something important done first |
C.believe help is never to come to you | D.expect nobody else to stand by you |
A.You might sit at the table with experts. | B.You might lose confidence and interest. |
C.You might borrow ideas from professionals. | D.You might solve your problem by yourself. |
A.Advisor. | B.Engineer. | C.Physician. | D.Governor. |
A.warn readers against indecision |
B.offer some useful advice to readers about procrastination |
C.analyze the cause of procrastination |
D.stress the benefits of being punctual (守时的) |
【推荐1】Today I’m glad to be here to share with you my idea of success. What’s your idea about success? Some people say that beginners have all the luck, while others believe that success comes only with practice. In fact, I feel both of these statements are not true all the time. Each is true in some ways but not in others.
For example, I went to a drawing competition many years ago and won first prize surprisingly. As a prize, I got a film ticket to see Titanic. I was really lucky because it was the first time I had taken part in a competition. Thinking that I might be lucky again, I tried joining in other art competitions. But the result was that I never won again. I accepted the fact that the other people had a greater artistic ability than I did. Art was not what I was especially interested in and I had never practiced the different art skills. So, the drawings I produced were not of a very high standard.
These experiences taught me a lot. Though I might have been lucky at first, I also need to put in hard work. As we know, practice makes perfect. So I believe success builds on less luck and chance.
1. Which of the following is TRUE about the writer’s first competition?A.He won the second prize. | B.He got a ticket to a zoo. |
C.He didn’t win anything. | D.He got a good result. |
A.the writer was always lucky. | B.the writer often practiced art skills. |
C.the writer didn’t do well in art. | D.the writer had a great talent for art. |
A.success builds on hard work. | B.success builds on good chance. |
C.practice isn’t very useful or helpful. | D.luck is the most important for everyone. |
A.What is success. | B.Success is important. |
C.My idea of success. | D.Everyone can succeed. |
【推荐2】Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some kind of football, hockey, golf, or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have an interest in climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risk on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different thing that it would be dangerous to ignore, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and some other sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than men. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of efforts, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
1. What’s the meaning of “leisure” in Paragraph 2?A.enjoyment | B.rest |
C.entertainment | D.spare time |
A.it is an Olympic event | B.mountaineers depend on each other while climbing |
C.teams compete against each other | D.there are five climbers on each team |
A.Because they can learn to fight the forces of nature while climbing. |
B.Because they can improve their skill when they are on a rock face. |
C.Because they don’t have to be restricted (限制) by rules while climbing. |
D.Because they can enjoy a lot of fun while climbing. |
A.people show interest in mountaineering because it is a team game |
B.physical quality is more important than mental one for climbers |
C.a mountain climber would pass his best by the age of thirty |
D.it is possible for an old man of sixty to climb the Alps. |
A.Mountaineering |
B.Mountaineering Is More Attractive than Other Sports |
C.Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and Football. |
D.Mountain Climber |
【推荐3】Remittance (汇款) increase living standards in the country of origin. Remittances m a large share of the GDP of many developing countries. A study on remittances to Mexico found that remittances lead to a considerable increase in the availability of public services in Mexico, surpassing government spending in some localities.
Research finds that emigration and low migration barriers have net positive effects on human capital formation in the sending countries. This means that there is a “brain gain” instead of a" brain drain to emigration.
One study finds that sending Countries benefit indirectly in the long run from the emigration of skilled workers because those skilled workers are able to innovate more in developed countries, which the sending countries are able to benefit as a positive externality. Greater emigration of skilled workers consequently leads to greater economic growth and welfare improvements in the long run.
Research also suggests that emigration, remittances and return migration can have a positive impact on political institutions and democratization in the country of origin. Research also shows that remittances can lower the risk of civil war in the country of origin. Return migration from countries with liberal gender norms has been associated with the transfer of liberal gender norms to the home country.
Research suggests that emigration causes an increase in the wages of those who remain in the country of origin. A 2014 survey of the existing literature on migration finds that a 10 percent emigrant supply shock would increase wages in the sending country by 2 % - 5.5 %. A study of emigration from Poland shows that it led to a slight increase in wages for high-and medium-skilled workers for remaining Poles. A 2013 study finds that emigration from Eastern Europe after the 2004 EU enlargement increased the wages of remaining young workers in the country of origin by 6%, while it had no effect on the wages of old workers. The wages of Lithuanian men increased as a result of post-EU enlargement emigration. Return migration is associated with greater household firm revenues(收入).
Some research shows that the remittance effect is not strong enough to make the remaining natives in countries with high emigration flows better off.
It has been argued that high-skill emigration causes labor shortages in the country of origin. This remains unsupported in the academic literature though. According to economist Michael Clemens, it has not been shown that restrictions on high-skill emigration reduce shortages in the countries of origin.
1. This passage mainly tells us that ______A.people's living standards in the receiving countries have been greatly improved |
B.emigration has both advantages and disadvantages to the sending countries |
C.the reasons behind economic growth in the sending countries |
D.the effect of migration on the sending countries |
A.the emigration of skilled workers brings economic growth to developed countries |
B.emigration means a kind of “brain gain” rather than "brain drain" |
C.the government in Mexico should spend more on public services |
D.highly qualified workers are bound to return to their home country |
A.return migration makes the natives better off |
B.a wage increase is associated with economic growth |
C.enlargement brings welfare to all Europeans |
D.emigration leads to a salary increase for remaining natives |
A.The negative effects of high-skill emigration have shown up. |
B.Remittances have a good effect on maintaining social stability, |
C.High migration barriers can reduce shortages of skilled workers. |
D.High-skill emigration may cause economic fall within a short time. |
【推荐1】There is a popular saying (格言) in the English language: Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.
Well, that is not true. Unkind words, name calling or even the so-called “the silent treatment” can hurt children as much as being physically hit, sometimes even more so.
Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults aged 18 to 25. The researchers asked the young people to assess their childhood exposure to verbal abuse (辱骂) from both parents and other children. Then the researchers performed imaging (成像) tests on these young adults.
The images showed that the individuals who reported suffering verbal abuse from their peers (同龄人) in middle school had poorly developed connections between the left side and the right side of the brain. The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study. The tests showed that this same group of individuals had higher levels of fear, depression, anger and drug abuse than others in the study.
The middle school years are a time when the brain connections are developing. We cannot control what other people say to our children, but we can prepare them. A website called CreativeWithKids.com offers 60 things that all children need to hear.
Here are the top 5.
1. I am curious to know what you think.
2. You are creative. I believe in you.
3. You can ask for help. I’ll always be there.
4. You are a good friend.You make me smile.
5. You are imperfect. So am I.
Share one or more of these statements with a child in your life. Actually, maybe we all need to hear some of these statements.
1. Why is the saying mentioned in Paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic. | B.To support the argument. |
C.To summarize the main idea. | D.To share the author’s opinion. |
A.Bad words have less effect on kids. | B.Verbal abuse leads to bad habits later in life. |
C.The brain develops fast in high school years. | D.Verbal abuse in middle school years hurts more. |
A.Not blaming young adults. | B.Preventing kids from verbal abuse. |
C.Saying positive words to young children. | D.Helping kids get familiar with unkind words. |
A.Say no to verbal abuse. | B.Unkind words hurt the brain. |
C.Share your love with others. | D.Silence speaks louder than words. |
【推荐2】A month after Hurricane Katrina, I returned home in New Orleans. There lay my house, reduced to waist-high rains, smelly and dirty.
Before the trip, I'd had my car fixed. When the office employee of the garage was writing up the bill, she noticed my Louisiana license plate. "You from New Orleans?" she asked. I said I was, "No charge." She said, and firmly shook her head when I reached for my wallet. The next day I went for a haircut, and the same thing happened.
As my wife was studying in Florida, we decided to move there and tried to find a rental house that we could afford while also paying off a mortgage (抵押贷款) on our ruined house. We looked at many places, but none was satisfactory. We'd began to accept that we'd have to live in extremely reduced circumstances for a while, when I got a very curious e-mail from a James Kemmedy in California. He'd read some pieces I'd written about our sufferings for state, the online magazine and wanted to give us ("no conditions attached") a new house across the lake from New Orleans. It sounded a good to her return, but I replied, thinking him for his exceptional generosity, then we to go back. Then the University of Florida offered to let him house to me. While he want to England on his one year, paid leave. The rent was rather reasonable. I mentioned the poet's offer to James Kemdedy, and the next day he sent a check covering our entire rent for eight months.
Throughout this painful experience, the kindness of strangers has done much to bring back my faith in humanity. It's almost worth losing you wordy possessions to be reminded that people really when given had a channel.
1. What do we know about James Kemnedy?A.He was a writer of an online magazine. |
B.He offered the author a new house free of charge. |
C.He was a poet at the University of Florida. |
D.He learned about the author's sufferings. |
A.houses were difficult to find in the hurricane stricken area |
B.rents were comparatively reasonable despite the disaster |
C.the author's family was in financial difficulty |
D.the mortgage on the ruined house was paid off by the bank |
A.Terrible Hurricane Katrina but comfortable life on our own. |
B.The Importance of Helping Others in reward. |
C.Life and study free of rent in Florida, feeling grateful. |
D.Hurricane Is Heartless While Strangers Are Kind. |
【推荐3】Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof to the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.
Crede analyzed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, primarily college-level courses, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.
Crede discovered that when students are quizzed over class material at least once a week, they tend to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggle the most in a class seem to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of class material compared to multiple-choice questions.
Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.
1. What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy?A.He focused on what happened in classrooms. |
B.He researched as many students as he could. |
C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible. |
D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well. |
A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes. |
B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes. |
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students. |
D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes. |
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently. |
B.Having too many exam papers to mark. |
C.Being unable to get appropriate test materials. |
D.Finding it hard to choose the right type of quiz. |
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for Creation | B.Quizzes Improve Academic Performance |
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden | D.Quizzes Increase Boredom |