The world climbs in population every year, meaning new parents enter the workforce daily. A wide variety of ideas change and adapt over time as people try to figure out what the “best” take on parenting is. Sadly, some parenting techniques have disastrous effects.
A common technique that leads to a difficult adult life by lowering confidence in children is negative parenting. Negative parenting tactics, such as lecturing, complaining, and yes, insulting can have a serious effect on your child’s behavior and activities later on in life. Clearly, being insulted and lectured multiple times a day by an authority figure can greatly affect a child’s confidence going into adulthood. It’s not surprising he’s hardly apt to actively seek out the companionship of others. Instead, his negative feelings toward himself cultivate a feeling of unworthiness around other children.
While negative parenting can affect a child’s mental state, helicopter parenting results in ill-prepared children in an ever growing competitive world. A helicopter parent is overly involved in the life of his or her child. Children who cannot regulate their emotions and behavior effectively are more likely to have a harder time making friends and to struggle in school. Another problem children with helicopter parents may have in the future is managing their health. Taking all of this information into account, helicopter parenting doesn’t allow the child to be independent, so once the child has grown up he or she will not be able to make a decision by himself or herself.
On the other side of the spectrum, permissive parenting leaves a child undisciplined for life. This style of parenting has a very loose structure and few rules; the parents usually show a lot of affection and love for their children. Therefore, permissive parenting is a type of parenting style characterized by low demands with high responsiveness. Because parents have low expectations of their children, and want to be friends rather than parents, kids suffer because of a lack of achievement and motivation to do well in what they do. Therefore, children have worse self-control and cannot follow rules. These are fundamental concepts that should be taught at a young age to prepare for adulthood. If done a certain way, the effects left from parenting can hurt an adolescent into adult years.
Overall, parenting really does affect how children grow and adapt to their world. Some parenting techniques lead to major problems that show in adulthood. The new parents of the world ought to be careful with how they raise their children.
1. What might be the influence on a child by negative parenting?A.Affecting child’s mental state. |
B.Improving a child’s confidence. |
C.Cultivating a child’s worthiness. |
D.Looking for the companionship of others actively. |
A.Expect too much of their child. | B.Teach their child to manage health. |
C.Make too many decisions for their child. | D.Allow their child to do whatever he wants. |
A.Punishing. | B.Suffering. | C.Permissive. | D.Essential. |
A.To make comparison of parenting styles on children. |
B.To highlight the importance of parenting styles on children. |
C.To share the latest definitions of parenting styles on children. |
D.To inform the readers of the new parenting styles on children. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】In the world of online shopping, many online purchases are based on careful consideration of star ratings and product reviews left by complete strangers. But should you trust customer reviews when deciding what to purchase? And do these mysterious reviewers have your best interests in mind? Here’s what you need to know.
Consumers today are skeptical, says Zach Pardes at review platform Trustpilot. “We live in a time when trust is completely under attack,” Pardes says. “So people are reading reviews and consuming them more than ever before, but I think there is a healthy skepticism at times of what they’re reading. Fake reviews do exist. Fake reviews include, but aren’t limited to, robot-generated reviews and reviews that are influenced by the seller.”
Of course, not all user reviews you read online are fake. High-quality reviews are a valuable too when making a variety or purchases. Pardes says Trustpilot features a team in place to detect and remove fake reviews. Perhaps one of the best-known review websites is Yelp. Yelp takes measures to ensure “high quality content,” says Katheen Liu, a company spokes person. That includes allowing Yelp’s community of business owners and users to fag content that may go against the site’s terms of service.
Since user reviews do provide helpful information, reviews as a whole shouldn’t be repudiated. But how can you tell the difference between what’s real and what’s not? It’s close to impossible for the everyday consumer. But if you conduct your investigations carefully, you can make an informed purchase.
Check more than one review source. Pardes advises consumers to read reviews on multiple platforms.“If you’re about to book a $10,000 vacation, you’d never rely only on the photos and the reviews posted by that hotel’s marketing team,” he says. “You’re going to want to use a third-party independent resource.” Read more than a handful of reviews. Pardes says there is “safety in numbers.” Question perfection. Pardes says consumers shouldn’t trust reviews that show only five stars.“Nobody’s perfect, so you can’t possibly have a perfect five-star review in every single category of your business,” he says.
1. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?A.Consumers have lost trust in sellers. |
B.Consumers are often influenced by sellers. |
C.Consumers often fail to recognize fake reviews. |
D.Consumers are cautious of product reviews now. |
A.Both hire professionals to rate companies. |
B.Both produce robot-generated reviews. |
C.Both serve mainly business owners. |
D.Both aim to offer real user reviews. |
A.A fake review. | B.A review website. |
C.The measure. | D.The high-quality content. |
A.Overestimated. | B.Dismissed. | C.Hidden. | D.Blamed. |
A.How to get the most out of online reviews. | B.The significance of informed purchases. |
C.Where to look for reliable reviews. | D.The truth behind five star ratings. |
【推荐2】Facebook's recent acknowledgment that social media may be making its users feel bad in some cases is a significant milestone. So far, the technology industry hardly has talked about the downsides of their products.
Academic research in a Facebook blog post in December documented that when people spend a lot of time passively consuming information, they feel worse. For example, clicking or liking too many links and posts can have a negative effect on mental health. Some researchers also believe that reading rosy stones about others leads to negative comparisons about one's life and that being online too much reduces in-person socializing. Social media may well be making many of us unhappy, jealous and anti-social. Although Facebook said that, as a result of the assessments, it would make some changes to its platform. It also highlighted some of the benefits of using the social network. It explained that “sharing messages, posts and comments with close friends and recalling about past interactions” can make people feel better. “The research and other academic literature suggest that it’s how you use social media that matters when it comes to your well-being,” Facebook said.
But that approach doesn’t seem to be an effective solution for those who can’t pull themselves away from such platforms. The Pew Research Center estimates that 24 percent of teens go online “almost constantly”. It is becoming a matter of addiction.
We need to be aware of what we are up against. Remember when we would just pick up the phone and call someone rather than email them and create greater misunderstandings. This may be an old-fashioned choice, but the right one. And maybe we should just turn away from our screens sometimes and meet our friends and family in person.
1. Why is Facebook’s acknowledgement considered as a milestone?A.The acknowledgement has drawn a wide public attention. |
B.Facebook has come to admit their products' negative effects. |
C.The technology industry has made progress in mass production. |
D.The technology industry have never brought bad feelings to users. |
A.Socializing in person. |
B.Reading others’ rosy stories. |
C.Liking your friends’ links and posts. |
D.Sharing messages with close friends. |
A.Subjective. |
B.Approval. |
C.Acceptable. |
D.Unsatisfied. |
A.How to Use Social Media |
B.Acknowledgement from Facebook |
C.Off Screens Whether Change Or Not |
D.Gap Between Real Life and Network. Life |
【推荐3】Training monkeys to pick coconuts(椰子)is a 400-year-old practice in Thailand. Monkeys are superpickers, naturally at home in the tall coconut trees. Males can harvest over 1,000 coconuts a day, females around 600. Humans, on the other hand, are super-slow in the treetops, with a mere 80 coconuts a day to their name. However, it could be argued that monkeys are being exploited(剥削)to meet growing consumer demand for coconut products.
Throughout history, humans have used animal labor to increase productivity or make tasks more manageable. From horses pulling ploughs in the English countryside, donkeys carrying luggage on South American treks, drugsniffer dogs in the US to guide dogs literally everywhere—all of those animals were specifically raised and trained to do their “jobs”.
Perhaps what upsets people about monkeys picking coconuts is that monkeys are so much like us. We share 93% of our DNA with macaques(猕猴). We share many of their behavioral traits. So when we read about them being “abused” or “exploited”, we perhaps feel more strongly about the issue than we do about, say, parrots riding bicycles to entertain tourists in Spain.
According to Operation Blankets of Love(OBOL), a leading animal welfare organization in California, macaques are snatched from the wild as babies and chained up or stuck in cages, which makes them extremely stressed. They’re forced to pick coconuts for human gain and denied (拒绝给予)companionship, mental stimulation and basic freedom.
However, it’s important to note there is no concrete evidence of “baby-snatching” or mistreatment. It could even be argued that the process of training is mentally stimulating, which, being intelligent animals, the macaques would enjoy. Furthermore, coconut farmers insist the monkeys aren’t abused or exploited. They say the monkeys are treated like family pets: loved and cared for, fed and watered, bathed and decorated.
Ethical(伦理的)living can be a minefield in the modern age. But if we stick to the facts and live true to our individual values, we can’t go wrong.
1. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To explain a theory. | B.To reject an argument. |
C.To promote a product. | D.To appeal for animal rights. |
A.Their safety is at great risk. | B.They damage many coconuts. |
C.They are very similar to us humans. | D.Their productivity is relatively low. |
A.has to spend all its life in a cage | B.feels great stress in the treetops |
C.is separated from its family by force | D.suffers much from mental stimulation |
A.The ethics of animal labor. | B.The reasons for animal labor. |
C.The living conditions of macaques. | D.The protection of monkey species. |
【推荐1】As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove, kids need rules. Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a child’s social skills, psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion on a study investigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood.
Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys, including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies, such as threatening to withdraw affection. The kids rated, for example how typical it would be for Dad to suggest that “if I really cared for him, I would not do things that caused him to worry” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.”
The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21, asking the young adults to bring along a close friend. These pairs were asked to answer questions that were purposefully written to cause a difference of opinion. “We wanted to see whether they could handle a disagreement in a healthy way,” says study leader Barbara Oudekerk, now at the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Statistics.
In the October issue of Child Development, Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents floundered in friendly disagreements at age 18. They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comparison to the kids without controlling parents. And when they did speak up, they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.
The researchers suspect that controlling parents affect their child’s ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships. Although parents do need to set boundaries, dominating strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself. Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future disagreements.
The consequences of tense or dominating relationships appear to worsen with time. This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21. Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-llan University in Israel, who did not participate in the work, thinks these conclusions convincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships.
1. What did the researchers from the University of Virginia do in their research?A.They asked kids about how they got along with their parents. |
B.They surveyed some parents about what rules kids needed. |
C.They inquired into what the kids’ friends thought of them. |
D.They traced their subjects for nearly eight years. |
A.struggled with | B.dealt with | C.looked over | D.took over |
A.Shmuel Shulman thinks more evidence is needed for the new research. |
B.Controlling parents’ influence on their kids gets stronger as time goes by. |
C.21-year-olds are more eager to be free of parents’ control than 18-year-olds. |
D.Kids can handle disagreement better if their parents get along well with each other. |
A.Pushy parents could harm their kids’ social skills. |
B.Kids should learn what friendly disagreements are. |
C.Parents; affection matters in terms of kids; personality. |
D.Few parents explain the reasons why they set boundaries. |
The Yosufs' house is unlike any other house. In the sitting room, instead of a television there is a blackboard on the wall. For two hours every day Mr Yosuf writes complex mathematical problems on the board. His daughter, Zuleika, copies them into an exercise book and solves them.
Zuleika is special. She's five years old, but, instead of watching cartoons, or playing computer games, her favorite pastimes(消遣) are solving problems and reading books. She already spends hours every day in a university library. Next year, Zuleika will become Britain's youngest "A" level student.
Not surprisingly, the Yosufs are a very clever family. Zuleika's two sisters and brother, aged 16, 14 and 12 are also good at maths and are already at university. Her father, who specializes in maths research, has taught them all. "Zuleika is very competitive, " says her father, "She sees her brother and sisters working every day and she can't wait to catch up with them. I remember teaching the others maths when they were eight. Zuleika solves the same problems now, although she took up maths much earlier. We could see she was interested in numbers at a much younger age.
So what is the secret of their success? When their first child arrived, Mr Yosuf and his wife made up their minds to teach all of their children at home. They say that home teaching combined with love and understanding has helped their children to succeed. "We'll be patient and supportive, and they take pride in what they do, " says Mr Yosuf. "Maybe Zuleika has a natural talent for maths, but I believe given the right surroundings, any child could do well."
One thing all child prodigies(神童) have in common is a complete love of their subject. They spend many more hours working at it than the average child, and this extra effort is reflected in their achievements. It is not necessary to be extremely talented to be a child prodigy, but you do have to have a lot of motivation.
1. What does Mr. Yosuf use the blackboard for? (No more than 15 words)2. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (No more than 10 words)
3. What does the underlined word "surroundings" in paragraph 4 probably mean? (1 word)
4. What do all child prodigies have in common according to the text? (No more than 10 words)
5. What do you think of studying at home? Give your reasons. (No more than 20 words)
【推荐3】New research found that children with positive, early interactions with their care givers - characterized by warmth, responsiveness, and a stimulating home environment -were at reduced risk of childhood obesity.
“A lot of the discussion around childhood obesity and other health risks focuses on identifying and studying the exposure to risk,” said Professor Brandi Rollins. ”We took a strength-based approach in our analysis. We found that a supportive family and environment early in a child’s life may outweigh some of the cumulative (累计的)risk factors that children can face. ”
The study recently appeared in the journal Pediatrics. In the article, Rollins analyzed data from over 1,000 mother-child pairs and found that children’s early exposures to family psychosocial assets (有价值的 事物)- including a quality home environment, emotional warmth from the mother, and a child’s ability to self-regulate - reduced the risk of developing childhood obesity.
“Research on parenting has shown that these types of family assets influence children’s behavior, academic success, career, and-not surprisingly - health,” Rollins said. “It’s inspiring to know that, by providing a loving, safe environment, we can reduce the risk that children will develop obesity.”
This work is based on research in parenting and child development. Responsive parenting, one of the family assets measured in the study, involves responding to children in a timely, sensitive, and age-appropriate manner based on the child’s presenting needs. This study focused on childhood obesity, but the researchers said that parents may improve many outcomes for their children by learning responsive-parenting skills. Knowledge of responsive-parenting skills, however, may not lead directly to implementing those skills in the home.
“No one can read a pamphlet (小册子) about cars and suddenly expect to drive,” said Rollins. “Driving is a skill that requires education and practice. The same is true of responsive parenting. Public health professionals, clinicians, and researchers must collaborate to help families develop psychosocial assets, including responsive parenting and a structured home environment. This could improve childhood obesity rates and other important quality-of-life outcomes,” she continued.
1. What was the focus of the new research?A.The potential psychosocial causes of childhood obesity. |
B.Contributing factors to children’s reduced risk of obesity. |
C.The link between childhood obesity and other health risks. |
D.The harmful impacts of obesity on kids’ psychosocial health. |
A.living in a loving home environment | B.leading a high quality life |
C.good at expressing their emotions | D.having a balanced diet |
A.To show reading instructions isn’t a good way to learn driving. |
B.To indicate not everyone can acquire driving skills without training. |
C.To illustrate responsive-parenting skills require education and practice. |
D.To stress it’s necessary to learn knowledge of responsive-parenting skills. |
A.Kids’ early exposures to family psychosocial assets are hard to measure. |
B.Kids’ academic success largely depends on family psychosocial assets. |
C.Responsive parenting is the most important family psychosocial asset. |
D.Developing psychosocial assets is a joint effort of experts and families. |
【推荐1】It’s not easy being a teenager nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll calm up. Instead, let him try to solve things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him if he seeks advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy(隐私). Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.
Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for l5 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least all equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation(节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.
1. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents .A.how to get along with a teenager |
B.how to respect a teenager |
C.how to help a teenager grow up |
D.how to understand a teenager |
A.become excited | B.show respect |
C.refuse to talk | D.seek help |
A.to use the phone in a proper way |
B.to pay for his own telephone |
C.to share the phone with friends |
D.to answer the phone quickly |
A.Not allow him to learn driving or take drugs. |
B.Give him advice only when necessary. |
C.Let him have his own telephone. |
D.Not talk about personal things with him. |
【推荐2】Ask any parents of young children whether they’ve ever felt overwhelmed (不堪重负的), and the answer will probably be — yes. Even in the most relaxed households there can be days when things seem to be out of control, leaving parents exhausted and annoyed. Kids often don’t have an off button or a quiet voice.
Common as this feeling is, there’s a personality trait (特点) that can make everyday family life more overwhelming for some parents. Roughly 20%-30% of the population are classed as being a highly sensitive person, according to a 2018 research. People who have it may find it hard to cope with bright lights and loud noise, and feel very stressful. It can also involve a stronger understanding of other people’s feelings — empathy (同情).
According to the psychologists, being highly sensitive is not a disorder but a personality trait — a way of responding to one’s environment. “Generally, highly sensitive people tend to react particularly strongly to sensory stimulation. They have stronger consciousness. They come to realize more details,” says Michael Pluess, a psychologist specializing in the study. “They will pick up on the moods of other people, have higher empathy, process things more deeply and pick up more about the environment. Deeply affected by what they see and feel, highly sensitive people are also easily overstimulated.”
The challenges highly sensitive parents face — including stress and overstimulation in a messy environment — can affect “high quality parenting”. In the early stages of parenthood, such parents report greater stress and find parenting more difficult than other parents do.
Fortunately, though, the trait also comes with certain advantages. Recent evidence suggests that while highly sensitive parents initially experienced high levels of stress, they showed improved parenting styles by the time their babies were nine months old. In the short term, sensitive people are more easily overwhelmed with change, but when it comes to parenting, highly sensitive parents have the potential to be exceptional. They can understand their children and respond to their needs quickly and appropriately.
Since parental overwhelm can affect anyone, whether highly sensitive or not, some of the coping strategies for highly sensitive people could benefit all parents.
1. What does the author imply in the first paragraph?A.The life of young parents is colorful. |
B.The kids are unhappy for lack of love. |
C.Young kids are often tough to deal with. |
D.It is easy to get everything under control. |
A.They possess no good insight. |
B.It is hard to overstimulate them. |
C.They better understand the environment. |
D.It is common for them to overlook details. |
A.Deeply rooted. | B.Extremely harmful. |
C.Greatly unstable. | D.Potentially beneficial. |
A.Outcomes of coping strategies. |
B.Tips for highly sensitive parents. |
C.Responses to the concern about parenting. |
D.Evaluation of overwhelmed parents’ impact. |
【推荐3】Two and a half millennia ago, Socrates complained that writing would harm students. With a way to store ideas permanently and externally, they would no longer need to memorize. However, studies today have found that writing on paper can improve everything from recalling a random series of words to better understanding complex concepts.
For learning material by repetition, the benefits of using a pen or pencil lie in how the motor and sensory memory of putting words on paper reinforces that material. The scribbling (涂鸦) on a page feeds into visual memory: people might remember a word they wrote down in French class as being at the bottom-left on a page.
One of the best-demonstrated advantages of writing by hand seems to be in note-taking. Students typing on computers wrote down almost twice as many words directly from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. However, handwriting forces note-takers to process and organize ideas into their own words. This aids conceptual understanding at the moment of writing, resulting in better performance on tests.
Many studies have confirmed handwriting’s benefits, and policymakers have taken note. Though America’s curriculum from 2010 does not require handwriting instruction past first grade (roughly age six), about half the states since then have required more teaching of it. In Sweden there is a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. England’s national curriculum already includes the teaching of basic cursive writing (连写体) skills by age seven.
However, several school systems in America have gone so far as to ban most laptops. This is too extreme. Some students have disabilities that make handwriting especially hard. Nearly all will eventually need typing skills. Virginia Berninger, professor of psychology at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of handwriting. But she is not a purist; she says there are research tested benefits for “manuscript” print-style writing but also for typing.
Socrates may or may not have had a point about the downsides of writing. But no one would remember, much less care, if his student Plato had not noted it down for the benefit of future generations.
1. According to the text, why does writing on paper have benefits for learning?A.It provides visual enjoyment in class. |
B.It improves the effect of memorization. |
C.It promotes the motor and sensory ability. |
D.It helps to remember the information forever. |
A.By giving examples. | B.By providing statistics. |
C.By making comparisons. | D.By making classification. |
A.Difficulties faced by the disabled. |
B.Unreasonableness of forbidding typing. |
C.The research-tested benefits of typing. |
D.The longtime advocacy for handwriting. |
A.To thank Plato for his efforts. |
B.To defend Socrates’ point of view. |
C.To show people’s indifference to typing. |
D.To confirm the importance of handwriting. |