【推荐1】Emily Temple-Wood was 12 years old the first time she was bullied(欺凌) online. They left ugly comments on her Wikipedia and Facebook pages about her looks “that would make my mother’s hair curl.” says Temple-Wood, now 22 and in medical school. The reason? “I was a woman on the Internet,” she said.

Over the years, she considered how she might take revenge(复仇). Then, as a freshman in college, it hit her: “What do misogynists(men who hate women) hate most?” she asked herself. “Women who are productive!” Her solution: For every rude comment she received, Temple-Wood would post a biography(传记) of a woman scientist, and thus, in 2012, Wiki Project Women Scientists was born. She wrote about her heroes, like Barbara McClintock, who received the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and Caroline Still Anderson, one of the first African American women to become a doctor in the United States, in the late 1800s. With help from other women, many of them scientists who have also been bullied online, Temple-Wood has published hundreds of these biographies and women of all ages have taken notice.

“When I was a kid, I could count the number of women scientists I knew about on one hand,” wrote Siko Bouterse, who used to work for the Wikimedia Foundation. “But our daughters have the chance to get much more knowledge about scientists who look like them because of Emily.

The ugly comments still come, says Temple-Wood. Being a strong woman online is not easy. “We all have days when we break down and need to have a glass of wine,” she says. “I tell people who are being bullied that it’s OK to be sad. But now you need to find a productive way to take revenge.”

1. The underlined part in Paragraph 1 shows a feeling of ______.

A．shock	B．disappointment
C．excitement	D．confidence

2. How did Emily react to the ugly comments about her?

A．She paid no attention to them.	B．She posted about great women.
C．She became a talkative woman.	D．She learned from women scientists.

3. What does Siko Bouterse think of Emily’s efforts?

A．They are helpful.	B．They are fruitless.
C．They are creative.	D．They are surprising.

4. What does Emily Temple-Wood advise people to do?

A．Sit down and have a glass of wine.	B．Try hard to be a productive person.
C．Never feel sad about ugly comments.	D．Fight ugly comments in a positive way.

【推荐2】If you have to attend a party or other social events where a lot of people will be presents do you feel confident that you will make a good impression on others? Or do you feel shy? In any case, you should increase your confidence at social events.

Whenever you are meeting new people at any social event, you should wear proper clothes. Before you attend the events try to find out how other people will be dressing. If everyone else is wearing business clothes, you should, too. If the event is informal(不拘礼节的), you should wear informal clothes so that you can fit in.

If you are going to meet people from a certain business or profession, try looking through a few professional magazines or checking on the Internet ahead of time to get some conversation ideas that are related to their fields of interest. This can prevent you getting tongue-tied at the event.

When you are at the event, don’t worry about whether or not other people you are talking with like you. Instead, try your best to find reasons to like them. When you are making conversation with people, be sure to keep good eye contact, and make your facial expression soft. Nod to show you’re listening. Let your face and body relax so that you can make natural gestures.

After the event is over, take a bit of time to think of your social performance and the conversation you had with people. Tell yourself exactly what you did very well at the event. For example, perhaps you made a big effort to really listen to the people you were talking with, or you may have asked several people some good questions that really got them talking.

By doing so, your conversation confidence will gradually improve.

1. What does the underlined word “profession” mean in the third paragraph?

A．Record.	B．History.
C．Career.	D．Society.

2. What should you avoid at a social event according to paragraph 4?

A．Keeping eye contact with others.

B．Wearing informal clothes and shoes.

C．Caring too much about others’ opinions.

D．Nodding now and then to show your interest.

3. What’s the right thing to do after you come back from a social party?

A．Keep in touch with the people you met.

B．Consider the good job in your performance.

C．Prepare some good questions for next event.

D．Think about how to improve conversation skills.

4. What’s the best title of the text?

A．How to Take Part in Social Events

B．How to Be More Confident at Social Events

C．How to Use Body Languages at Social Events

D．How to Avoid Making Mistakes at Social Events

【推荐3】You are standing in a hall packed with friends, family, colleagues and peers. You are about to walk onto the stage and address theme. You’re expected to say something meaningful and profound and everyone is hanging on your every word. You need to be clearly spoken, confident and calm, maybe even funny. How do you feel?

If you’re shaking, sweating and looking for the exit, you’re normal. Most of us are scared of public speaking and yet, as a society, we’re becoming more obsessed with hearing what people have to say: we watch endless TED talks, download podcasts and screen hours of YouTube clips. Being able to address a crowd is no longer the domain of the brave—if you want to get ahead in your career, you need to master it. I’ve done enough public speaking to have picked up some tips and tricks, and these are the ones I rely on most.

The most important thing is to prepare. You don’t have to write out your speech word by word but get the headline, three key points and the concluding sentence on paper and put bullet points under each. Then run through it and note which of your bullet points made it in and what you added. Adapt your notes and try again. Keep going until you have a structure.

Now it’s time to watch yourself—yes, get out your camera and film yourself. This is how you will see the points that need work and where you can polish it up.

Most of the information the audience will take away will be from your energy and your tone, a little from your words. Once you have sorted out the words, focus on how to exude(散发) the right energy—do you need confidence or humor? I go for confidence so, five minutes before a talk, I try to recall a success I’ve had. I focus on the details and aim to bring that feelings of competence to life.

Finally, breathe. We cannot speak without breath, yet it is the first thing we let go of when we are nervous. Settle your breathing before you start. If you lose control of your breath in the middle, say “Let’s take a moment to think about that last point.” That gives you a pause to collect your breath. The only way to get over a fear of public speaking is to do it, again and again. You will have good and bad experiences but, if you do it enough, you’ll realize that, occasionally, it’s fun.

1. According to the author, why is public speech important to the average?

A．Friendships can be established through it.

B．Public speeches can display our courage.

C．There are more occasions for pubic speeches.

D．It is beneficial to our way up the career ladder.

2. Which of the following tips is recommended by the author?

A．Preparing and writing down every detail.

B．Displaying right energy during the speech.

C．Watching famous films of public speeches.

D．Telling key points and bullet points apart.

3. What view does the author hold about public speaking?

A．It creates more and more fun if we stick to practice.

B．It is easier to practise at home than to perform outside.

C．Experiences of public speaking can delight us sometimes.

D．Attempts to give public speaking tend to fail in the end.

【推荐3】It was decades ago now, but it’s still one of the most memorable conversations of my life. On a long, slow train heading north, with nothing to do but watch the rain, the man sitting opposite began trying to talk to me. Like most young women who have learned the hard way to be careful of strangers, I was unfriendly. But curiosity took over when he said that he was just bored, and liked talking. We chatted with each other for the rest of the journey and when the train finally pulled in, we didn’t change numbers.

However, I still think about it sometimes on long, boring journeys, before getting a phone out and scrolling silently like everyone else. It’s a rare person who can cheerfully break the social rule about not talking to strangers without any ill intention, but life would be more interesting if more of us knew how to do it.

And that’s why I can’t be as cynical as I probably should be about “Tube Chat” campaign launched to encourage Britons to talk to each other. All anyone is being asked to do is to start a conversation they wouldn’t otherwise have had- maybe with a friend from whom they’ve been apart or a neighbor they don’t know.

Obviously, it takes more than a bit of small talk over garden fences to unite strangers together. More people live alone than did so a generation ago. We socialize increasingly through screens, sending texts instead of bothering to call.

It’s true that the “Tube Chat” campaign of a few years back failed in its attempts to make Londoners talk to each other on public transport. But even city people who would normally die rather than make eye contact with strangers still happily gather in large numbers by the Thames for the New Year’s Eve fireworks. They would get a far better view at home on television-it’s not really about the fireworks, but about being part of something communal (公共的).

There’s no guarantee that this latest campaign to reconnect will succeed wherever others have failed. But if there is ever a moment to stop social disbelief, it may start a fire to warm a world that sometimes feels cold. Wherever my train friend is now, I hope he is still talking.

1. What can we infer from the author’s experience on the train?

A．Young women were frightened to talk with strangers.

B．People become indifferent and unfriendly to strangers

C．Small talks with strangers can add more interest to life.

D．The author regretted losing touch with her train friend.

2. What does the underlined word “cynical“ mean in paragraph 3?

A．Supportive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Confused.

D．Disappointed.

3. What does the example of Londoners gathering for the New Year’s Eve fireworks show?

A．“Tube Chat” failed in its attempts to unite strangers together.

B．It’s hard to break the social rule about not talking to strangers.

C．People have a wish to be socially connected by nature.

D．“Tube Chat” made a difference in reconnecting people.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Keep Our Desire to Connect.

B．A Memorable Train Talk.

C．Stop Social Disbelief.

D．Socialize with Our Friends.

【推荐1】The oceans are where life on Earth began and they continue to be the home to an incredibly various range of life. It has been estimated(估计)that there are around 230, 000 different marine (海洋)species, but some marine biologists think that there could well be ten times that number still waiting to be discovered.

Oceans have always played an important part in human life. They serve many functions Since the beginning of time oceans have provided the world with a transport network for goods and people. That's why most of the major cities of the world are close to the sea. Countless numbers of people from other countries have travelled the seas to find a new and better life, while others have been transported very much against their will, the evil Slave Trade being a case in point. World trade has always depended on ocean transport and the world's navies grew up in order to protect these sea trade routes.

The ocean has traditionally been a source of nutritious food, but sadly the general view has always been that what was there was for the taking. There has been little regard for sustainability (可持续性)and in the words of Greenpeace: "We are now damaging our oceans on a scale unimaginable to most people."

Large commercial fishing boats catch everything, but not everything is wanted or allowed due to some restrictions and vast amounts of dead fish are thrown back into the sea. Whole marine ecosystems can be wiped out as huge nets are dragged across the ocean floor, destroying entire home ground forever.

Overfishing in this way does not enable the fish to sustain their population. As a result, numbers fall until the point is reached when there are no longer any fish left to catch. Some species have been fished to extinction and some are almost on the edge. It is said that due to overfishing, large predatory (捕食性的)fish like cod and tuna are both down to the last 10% of their original number.

1. What do we know from Paragraph 1?

A．We have known enough about ocean life.

B．We need more exploration about ocean life.

C．2, 300, 000 marine species have been discovered.

D．230, 000 marine species are expected to be discovered.

2. Why are most of the large cities close to the sea?

A．To attract more and more visitors.	B．To appreciate the beautiful sights.
C．For the natural resources in the sea.	D．For the convenience of transportation.

3. What's people's general attitude to the ocean?

A．Making use of ocean life wisely.	B．Treating ocean life in a friendly way.
C．Paying much attention to its sustainability.	D．Getting whatever they like from the ocean.

4. What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?

A．The sustainability of oceans is important.	B．The extinction of some species is normal.
C．Ocean life offers much to us human beings.	D．Overfishing has led to no more fish species.

【推荐3】When you are a kid, gaining a best friend forever can happen in a single play date. But when you grow up to be an adult, making and maintaining friendships gets harder. So how much quality time (优质时光) do you need before that stranger becomes your friend? A new study recently found that, on average, it takes about 50 hours with someone before you consider them a casual (感情不深的) friend, about 90 hours before you become real friends, and about 200 hours to become close friends.

The study’s author Jeffrey Hall, a communications professor, invited adults who are eager to make friends to take part in two experiments — people who had just moved to a new city in the past six months and college freshmen. He asked them to rate and track the degree of closeness and time spent together with a new person. “Results suggest that the chance of changing from casual friend to real friend is greater than 50% after around 80-100 hours together,” said Hall.

The study found that the amount of time spent talking together, or the fact that you spent time at school or work with them, was unrelated to friendship closeness. “It is really easy to spend a lot of time with people as they are routinely in the same place at the same time as you,” Hall said. “However, my study shows you can have workmates you spend hundreds and hundreds of hours with and still not develop a friendship.”

You do not need to become best friends with your workmates to develop meaningful relationships with them. But for those of us hoping to change from “girl who I eat lunch at work with” to “friend I can depend on,” Hall suggests that you need to take the relationship out of the workplace for it to become a friendship. The participants who did activities outside of work with someone, such as being invited to have lunch in their home, were more likely to develop deeper relationships with them.

1. What is the new study mainly about?

A．Ways of making friends in a new environment.	B．Why people need to make different friends.
C．Different levels of friendship.	D．How long it takes to develop a friendship.

2. What do we know about the participants in the study?

A．They knew each other before.	B．They had difficulty in making new friends.
C．They were in great need of friends.	D．They started their new life in the same city.

3. What does the underlined word “routinely” probably mean in paragraph 3?

A．Usually.

B．Actively.

C．Seldom.

D．Confidently.

4. Which can help people build deeper relationships with workmates according to Hall?

A．Joining the same work team.	B．Having lunch at work with them.
C．Inviting them to your home after work.	D．Sharing work experience with each other.