But George Eastman is not how he died, and the Eastman Kodak Company is not how it is being killed. Though the ends be needless and premature, they must not be allowed to overshadow the greatness that came before. Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. It is impossible to understand the 20th Century without recognizing the role of the Eastman Kodak Company.
Kodak served mankind through entertainment, science, national defense and the stockpiling of family memories. Kodak took us to the top of Mount Suribachi and to the Sea of Tranquility. It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks. It showed us the shot that killed President Kennedy, and his brother bleeding out on a kitchen floor, and a fallen Martin Luther King Jr. on the hard balcony of a Memphis motel. When that sailor kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kodak was the eyes of a nation. From the deck of the Missouri to the grandeur of Monument Valley, Kodak took us there. Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to posterity(繁荣) from the Eastman Kodak Company.
In an era of easy digital photography, when we can take a picture of anything at any time, we cannot imagine what life was like before George Eastman brought photography to people. Yes, there were photographers, and for relatively large sums of money they would take stilted(不自然的) pictures in studios and formal settings. But most people couldn’t afford photographs, and so all they had to remember distant loved ones, or earlier times of their lives, was memory. Children could not know what their parents had looked like as young people, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren looked like. Eastman Kodak allowed memory to move from the uncertainty of recollection, to the permanence of a photograph. But it wasn’t just people whose features were savable; it was events, the sacred and precious times that families cherish. The Kodak moment, was humanity’s moment.
And it wasn’t just people whose features were savable; it was events, the precious times that families cherish. Kodak let the fleeting moments of birthdays and weddings, picnics and parties, be preserved and saved. It allowed for the creation of the most egalitarian art form. Lovers could take one another’s pictures, children were photographed walking out the door on the first day of school, the shutter decided what was worth recording, and hundreds of millions of such decisions were made. And for centuries to come, those long dead will smile and dance and communicate to their unborn progeny(子孙). Family history will be not only names on paper, but smiles on faces.
The cash flow not just provided thousands of people with job, but also allowed the company’s founder to engage in some of the most generous charity in America’s history. Not just in Kodak’s home city of Rochester, New York, but in Tuskegee and London, and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He bankrolled(资助) two historically black colleges, fixed the teeth of Europe’s poor, and quietly did good wherever he could. While doing good, Kodak did very well. Over all the years, all the Kodakers over all the years are essential parts of that monumental legacy. They prospered a great company, but they–with that company–blessed the world.
That is what we should remember about the Eastman Kodak Company. Like its founder, we should remember how it lived, not how it died. History will forget the small men who have scuttled this company. But history will never forget Kodak.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is to blame for the fall of Kodak?A.The invention of easy digital photography. |
B.The poor management of the company. |
C.The early death of George Eastman. |
D.The quick rise of its business competitors. |
A.died a natural death of old age |
B.happened to be on the spot when President Kennedy was shot dead |
C.set up his company in the capital of the US before setting up its branches all over the world |
D.was not only interested in commercial profits, but also in the improvement of other people’s lives |
A.no photos has ever been taken of people or events |
B.photos were very expensive and mostly taken indoors |
C.painting was the only way for people to keep a record of their ancestors |
D.grandparents never knew what their grandchildren looked like |
A.who took the photograph |
B.who wanted to have a photo taken |
C.whose decisions shaped the Eastman Kodak Company |
D.whose smiles could long be seen by their children |
A.Disapproving. | B.Respectful. |
C.Regretful. | D.Critical. |
A.Great Contributions of Kodak |
B.Unforgettable Moments of Kodak |
C.Kodak Is Dead |
D.History of Eastman Kodak Company |
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【推荐1】Humans really do have a sixth sense that lets us detect magnetic fields (磁场), but we’re not aware we have it. It has long been known as ESP, Spider Sense, or the ability to see things before they happen. But now scientists have proved that humans really do have a sixth sense-that lets them detect magnetic fields. Tests have shown that mankind may have the same inborn sense of Earth’s magnetic field that has long been proved to exist in animals.
By putting a protein from the human retina (视网膜) into fruit flies, researchers noticed that the insect adjusted its flight path just as if its eye had not been changed. This suggests that the “sixth sense” does exist in humans but we might not be aware of it. Animals use such sight to navigate long distances during migration or, in the case of birds, to “see” where they are going. The complex tests involved examining the process by which light goes through a bird’s eye, which has interested the scientific community for more than 30 years. In the late 1970s, the physicist Klaus Schulten concluded that birds fly by relying on geomagnetically (地磁) sensitive biochemical reactions in their eyes.
Tests have shown that the special cells in the eye carry out this function using the protein cryptochrome (蛋白隐色素). Professor Reppert’s team used wild fruit flies, replacing their version of cryptochrome with the human equivalent (等价物), and then put them in a maze (迷宫) with each wing wrapped in a metal coil (金属圈). They then sent electricity through it so that the coil was magnetised in a way which is just like Earth’s electromagnetic field (电磁场). The flies responded in exactly the same way as if they had their own cryptochrome, by either avoiding the magnetic fields or moving towards them if the researchers had placed sugar nearby.
The new study was published in the journal Nature Communications.
1. What do we know about humans’ sixth sense?A.Humans have been aware of it since ancient times. |
B.It is quite different from the animals’. |
C.It is the ability to predict what will happen. |
D.It is also a sense developed after birth. |
A.To change fruit flies’ flight path. |
B.To test if humans have a sixth sense. |
C.To examine the process of birds’ flying. |
D.To allow researchers detect magnetic fields. |
A.the maze | B.each wing |
C.cryptochrome | D.the metal coil |
A.They responded normally as if there had been nothing changed. |
B.They couldn’t avoid the magnetic fields like before. |
C.They lost the sense of direction completely. |
D.They couldn’t find the sugar the researchers had placed nearby. |
【推荐2】You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源)of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic" Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1. Which is the main idea of the text?A.Artists’s opinions on plastic safety |
B.Media Interest in contemporary art |
C.Responsibility demanded of big companies |
D.Ocean plastics transformed into statues |
A.Drawing public attention to plastic waste. |
B.Beautifying the city he lives in. |
C.Introducing eco-friendly products. |
D.Reducing garbage on the beach. |
A.To explain why they are useful. |
B.To voice his views on modern art. |
C.To show the difficulty of their recycling. |
D.To find a substitute for them. |
A.Worrying | B.Calming |
C.Refreshing | D.Challenging |
【推荐3】Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger, or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of lively shades and hues (色调)of sweet treats? If so, you are in good company. Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting, we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value.
Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food recognize the impact of sensory cues (信号)on food consumption and enjoyment, and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes (方案)on taste and food enjoyment. They note that pink food on a white plate was considered sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate. Apparently, we consume with more of our senses than we realize. So given the rainbow of colors around us when faced with so many appealing food choices, is there any way to control our appetite? Thankfully, some research says yes.
Oliver Genschow demonstrated that when it comes to eating less colors impact consumption. They specifically researched the effect of the color red. They found that people ate fewer pretzels when using a red plate, as opposed to white or blue, and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup. They suggest that the color red reduces food and drink intake by functioning as a stop signal.
But when it comes to healthy eating, instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues, consider the value of discipline. Healthy eating involves intentional choices, not mindless responses to sensory cues. And before you invest in many red tableware to slim down, remember that what goes onto those plates is much more important.
1. What may be a major reason for us to refuse eye-catching food?A.The shortage of nutrition. | B.The rich color of fine foods. |
C.The doctor’s instructions. | D.Advertisements everywhere. |
A.Benefits of different color schemes. |
B.Interesting examples of food service. |
C.Potentials to promote food consumption. |
D.Effects of sensory cues on eating behavior. |
A.Follow the sensory response. | B.Make food choices sensibly. |
C.Wear sunglasses to block colors. | D.Avoid colorful food intentionally. |
A.How People can Control Their Appetite. |
B.How People are Tricked by Color Schemes. |
C.How Colors Impact Food Appeal and Appetite. |
D.How Bright Colors Make Food More Appealing. |
【推荐1】American real estate (房地产) tycoon Donald Trump, whose election as US president surprised many around the world, has been unsurprisingly named Time magazine’s “Peron of the Year” for 2016.
Trump said while responding to the news, “It means a lot, especially me growing up reading Time magazine. And it’s a very important magazine, and I’ve been lucky enough to be on the cover many times this year-and last year. But I consider this a very, very great honor.”
Trump has long been obsessed with having his face on the cover of magazines, something that happened more and more often as he won early polls, then Republican primaries, then the nomination (提名), then the presidency. Trump keeps piles of these magazines in his office and with this mindset, Time’s “Person of the Year” became Trumps long-cherished wish.
Although the magazine featured Trump several times on its cover, it passed on naming him “Person of the Year” for 2015. Instead, it selected German Chancellor Angela Merkel, whom the magazine credited with opening her nation’s border to hundreds of thousands of refugees (难民) and managing Europe’s debt crisis. Trump did not take that news well. “I told you @ TIME Magazine would never pick me as ‘Person of the Year’ in spite of being the big favorite. They picked the person who is ruining Germany,” he said on Twitter soon after the news was announced.
Time managing editor Nancy Gibbs said that the decision in 2016 was easy. This title goes to a newsmaker who has influenced events for better or for worse. “When have we ever seen a single individual who has so defied (违背) expectations...beaten not one but two political parties on the way to winning an election... I don’t think that we have ever seen one person, operating in such an unconventional way, have an impact on the events of the year quite like this,” Gibbs said.
1. What do Trump’s words suggest in Paragraph?A.Luck is on his side. | B.He deserves the award. |
C.He feels proud of the award | D.Time has a good effect on him. |
A.Trump is afraid to be famous. |
B.Trump is angry about Time magazine. |
C.Trump is addicted to having his face on the cover of magazines. |
D.Trump is addicted to having his face on the cover of magazines. |
A.Merkel ruined Germany. |
B.Merkel was “Person of the Year” for 2015. |
C.Trump thought well of Merkel. |
D.Trump won “Person of the Year” twice. |
A.He’s been on its cover many times. |
B.He is the newly elected president. |
C.He is the favorite of the magazine. |
D.He was highly influential in the year. |
【推荐2】Alibaba co-founder and chairman Jack Ma on Monday announced in an open letter that he would step down, with the company CEO Daniel Zhang taking over as the chairman of the board. Zhang, is known as a key architect of Alibaba’s “Singles Day”, the Nov. 11 event that has become the world’s largest online shopping event. In the letter entitled “Happy Teachers’ Day,” Ma said he would retire as the chairman of the board on Sept. 10, 2019. Ma said he would work closely with Zhang to ensure a smooth transition and stay on the Alibaba board of directors until the annual shareholders meeting in two years. After he steps down, he will continue to be part of the “Alibaba Partnership”, which has the ability to nominate the majority of directors on the company’s board. He also wants to return to education and charity, which gives him excitement and blessings.
“There’s only Bill Gates who has done the same. No other tech founder in the world has just resigned like that at the top,” said Rupert Hoogewerf, which publishes an annual influential list of China’s richest people. Hoogewerf added that in China, Ma was a figure like no other, with friends ranging from movie stars to billionaires, though he often outshone them all. “He’s the big one, he’s the one that brings them together.”
The company was founded at a time when the industry was still dominated by state-owned firms and entrepreneurship was seen as a risky career path. Alibaba, previously recognized as an on-line shopping company, also has investments in sports content, microchips and facial recognition technology and has been positioning itself as a serious player in cloud computing. Mr. Ma said in the letter, “The one thing I can promise everyone is this: Alibaba was never about Jack Ma, but Jack Ma will forever belong to Alibaba.”
1. What do we learn about Abibaba from this passage?A.It was founded by Jack Ma alone. |
B.It is nothing more than an on-line shopping company. |
C.It was founded at the time when private-owned firms was in a minority. |
D.Its shareholders meeting holds twice a year. |
A.Hoogewerf speaks highly of Jack Ma’s firm. |
B.Bill Gates and Jack Ma have a lot in common. |
C.Other than stars and billionaires, Jack Ma makes few friends. |
D.Jack Ma is an influential person to unite his friends. |
A.Helping people in need. |
B.Ensuring the company’s transition. |
C.Education career. |
D.Suggesting candidates for the board. |
A.The Brief Introduction of Jack Ma |
B.Daniel Zhang to Take Over Alibaba |
C.Alibaba’s Development |
D.Jack Ma to Step Down as Alibaba’s Head |
【推荐3】Steve Jobs knew from an early age that he was adopted (收养). “My parents were very open with me about that,” he recalled. He had a clear memory of sitting in the yard of his house, when he was six or seven years old, telling the girl who lived across the street. “Does that mean your real parents didn’t want you?” the girl asked. “My whole world was falling apart,” according to Jobs. “I remember running into the house, crying. And my parents said, ‘No, you have to understand.’ They were very serious and looked me straight in the eyes. They said, ‘We specially picked you out.’ Both of my parents said that and repeated it slowly for me. And they stressed every word in that sentence.”
Abandoned (被抛弃). Chosen. Special. These words became part of who Jobs was and how he thought of himself. His closest friends think that the knowledge that he was given up at birth left some scars (伤疤). “He wants to control everything because of his personality and the fact that he was abandoned at birth,” said one longtime colleague (同事), Del Yocam.“He wants to control his environment, and he sees his product as a part of himself.” Greg Calhoun, who became close to Jobs right after college, saw another effect. “Steve talked to me a lot about being abandoned,” he said. “It caused great pains and made him independent. He was different from others because he was born into a different world.”
Later in life, Jobs became a father and abandoned one of his children. Andy Hertzfeld, who worked with Jobs at Apple in the early 1980s, is among the few who remained close to Jobs. “To understand Jobs, you have to know the reason why he can’t control himself and is sometimes cruel and harmful to others,” he said. “That goes back to being abandoned at birth. The real problem was the theme of abandonment in Steve’s life.”
1. Which of the following is true about Jobs’ childhood?A.He left his parents at the age of six or seven. |
B.He was shocked knowing he was abandoned. |
C.He couldn’t remember how he was abandoned. |
D.His parents chose him because his family was poor. |
A.He hated to be born with scars. |
B.He liked to get things under control. |
C.He enjoyed good working environment. |
D.He wanted to influence everyone. |
A.The fact that Jobs was abandoned. |
B.Jobs’ pain from the abandonment. |
C.Jobs’ talk with Greg Calhoun. |
D.The world where Jobs lived. |
A.Jobs didn’t bring up any children. |
B.Jobs had a lot of close friends. |
C.Abandonment influenced Jobs. |
D.Nobody likes Jobs’ character. |
A.Steve Jobs | B.Jobs’ Childhood |
C.The Abandonment | D.A Terrible Memory |