Barred owls(大林鸮猫头鹰) are a large species native to eastern North America, but they began moving west at the start of the 20th century. By 1973, large numbers of barred owls had arrived in the western state of Washington. Later they moved south into Oregon and California.
In parts of the Pacific Northwest, the owls are now believed to be causing a drop in the population of a smaller, less aggressive bird: the northern spotted owl. In many ways, the barred owl is the spotted owl's worst enemy. The barred owl has more babies per year and eats the same animals, like squirrels and wood rats. And their numbers are now larger in many parts of the spotted owl's traditional territory.
David Wiens is a biologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, a federal agency that studies the Earth and its natural resources. He and other officials are doing something unusual to protect spotted owls: killing barred owls. It is a controversial, experimental program. More than 2,400 barred owls have already been shot.
Wiens is the son of a well-known bird expert and grew up with the fascination for birds. He has mixed feelings about the program. "It's a little distasteful, I think, to go out killing barred owls to save another owl species," he says. But he adds, “We knew that barred owls were out competing spotted owls and their numbers were growing too fast."
To catch barred owls, officials put digital bird callers on the ground. Then they step back and wait as several sounds from the devices fill the air. All of this happens in the dark of night. Barred owls dislike other birds in their territory, so they will fly down and chase other owls out. That is when Wiens and his team try to shoot them.
1. What's the main problem with spotted owls?A.They are being starved to death. | B.They have more babies each year. |
C.They are invaded by another bird. | D.They are hunted by man. |
A.They are eating the spotted owls. | B.They are killing each other to survive. |
C.They are putting the spotted owls in danger. | D.They are destroying large areas of forests. |
A.To kill barred owls. | B.To puzzle barred owls. |
C.To protect barred owls. | D.To frighten barred owls. |
A.Killing One Animal to Save Another. | B.Keeping the Balance of Nature. |
C.Protecting Birds in Danger. | D.Preventing Birds from Playing Fair. |
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【推荐1】Insects could disappear within a century at current rate of decline, says Global Review.
The world’ s insects are moving quickly down the path to dying out, indicating a disastrous collapse(崩溃)of nature’ s ecosystems is likely to happen, according to the first global scientific review. More than 40% of insect species are declining and a third are endangered, the analysis found. The rate of extinction(灭绝)is eight times faster than that of mammals, birds and reptiles.
“It should be of huge concern to all of us, for insects are at the heart of every food web—they pollinate(授粉) the large majority of plant species, keep the soil healthy, recycle nutrients, control pests, and much more. Love them or hate them, we humans cannot survive without insects,” said Prof Dave Goulson at the University of Sussex in the UK.
The analysis, published in the journal Biological Conservation, says intensive agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides(杀虫剂). Urbanisation and climate change are also significant factors.
One of the biggest impacts of insect loss is on the many birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish that eat insects. A small number of adaptable species are increasing in number, but not nearly enough to outweigh the big losses.
Matt Shardlow, at the conservation charity Buglife, said, “It is alarming to see this collation(整理) of evidence that shows the state of the world’ s insect populations. It is increasingly obvious that the planet’ s ecology is breaking and there is a need for an intense and global effort to stop and reverse(反转)these terrible trends.”
1. What did Prof Dave stress in his speech?A.Insects are vital to food webs. |
B.Not all people love insects. |
C.Scientists are concerned about insect loss. |
D.Humans need certain conditions for survival. |
A.Animals that feed on insects. | B.Adaptable animal species. |
C.Pests that are used to pesticides. | D.Crops produced by intensive agriculture. |
A.Relaxed. | B.Uncaring. |
C.Humorous. | D.Worried. |
A.The extinction rate of insects gets slowed down. |
B.The failure of nature’ s ecosystems can be avoided. |
C.Sharp drops in insect numbers endanger ecosystems. |
D.Insect extinction harms the diversity of animal species. |
【推荐2】Many people say dolphins are intelligent. They seem to be able to think, understand, and learn things quickly. But are they as smart as humans, or are they more like cats and dogs?
Like humans, every dolphin has its own ”name.“ The name is a special whistle(哨声).Each dolphin chooses a whistle for itself, usually by its first birthday. Dolphins are like people in other ways, too. They “talk” to each other about a lot of things—such as their age, their feelings, and possible danger.
Dolphins and humans are similar in another way:
A.Dolphins live in groups |
B.The fishermen ask the dolphins for help |
C.They both make plans for getting things they want |
D.Scientists have studied the brains of cats and dogs |
E.They get to eat some of the fish that escape from the net |
F.Dolphins use their brains quite differently from the way humans do |
G.A system of sounds and body language are also used to communicate |
【推荐3】Yellow fever began to spread in Brazil in 2016. More than 2,000 people got sick, and 750 died. The disease is also severely threatening the golden lion tamarin, a little monkey, living in the rainforest of southeastern Brazil. The disease killed about one-third of its population, which was small even before the outbreak. So, scientists created a vaccine to protect the monkeys.
The vaccination campaign began last year. But vaccinating animals to protect their species from extinction is a new idea, which represents a change in thinking among supporters of wildlife conservation and has raised questions about how far humans should go to save wild animas. Historically, conservationists have believed that humans should not interfere directly with wildlife. A traditional saying in the world of conservation work is “Leave it as is.”
However, Tony Goldberg, a scientist and animal doctor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, believes in vaccinating wild animals when possible. “There are people who say we shouldn’t touch nature and that we shouldn’t alter anything. But really, there are no unspoiled natural habitats left.” he said. “People are realizing they have to do something.” he added. “This epidemic moved very quickly from north to south, across the country-no wildlife does that. It’s people. They cross vast distances in buses, trains, planes. They bring the disease with them. We realized that in five years, we could lose the entire population if we did nothing.”
The vaccine led to antibodies in the tested monkeys and caused no harm, the scientists found. So far, about 300 have been vaccinated and are reported to be doing well. Tests show that more than 90 percent of the monkeys have immunity or resistance to the virus since vaccination.
The outbreak of yellow fever is no longer a big problem for the monkeys, and their population is starting to come back. But even with the success of the vaccine program, scientists are still not sure about creating vaccines for other animals. Jacob Negrey, a biologist who studies monkeys, wondered about unpredictable effects of such wildlife treatment. He explained that you might create a treatment that helps one kind of animal but hurts another.
1. What caused moneys to get infected with yellow fever?A.Human activities. | B.Loss of their habitat. |
C.Convenient transportation. | D.The development of Science and technology. |
A.They are resistant to all viruses. | B.They are no longer endangered animals. |
C.There is an increase in their population. | D.Some of them are harmed by the vaccine. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Optimistic. | C.Doubtful. | D.Neutral. |
A.Vaccinating animals: a heated debate. | B.Yellow fever: a threat to monkeys. |
C.Protecting moneys: a top priority. | D.Vaccine: a blessing for monkeys. |
【推荐1】Barnaby, the Lawrence family’s cat, had been missing for eight months. On January 11, 2022, Rachel Lawrence was on the phone with her vet (兽医). Her younger cat, Torvi, had just received an operation and she was asking how he was.
During the call, Lawrence heard a meow (喵喵叫). It may have been a standard meow to anyone else’s ears, but to Lawrence, there was something distinct about this sound. She asked the vet if that was Torvi and was told that was just a stray (走失的宠物) that had been brought in a week before.
Lawrence put down the phone and could not stop thinking about that. Could that be long-lost Barnaby? Unable to dismiss that unlikely thought, she called the vet back a few hours later. She asked if that meow came from a black cat and if the cat had a white dot on his back foot. The reply was “Yes”. “That had to be Barnaby,” Lawrence concluded.
When she went to pick up Torvi, she brought photos of Barnaby, nicknamed Fatman by her three kids. When the vet brought Barnaby to her, Lawrence broke down in what she described as tears and cries, but not with sadness.
She couldn’t wait to video-call her three children and said, “Look who I found.”
“Fatman,” they cried out with joy!
Lawrence had previously put a chip into Barnaby, but it did not work and so when he was lost, they had no hope of finding him again. Yet, thanks to the kindness of the person who found Barnaby and took him to the vet, and to the incredible hearing of his pet owner, this cat is back.
Barnaby is safely home with the Lawrence family and Torvi. He returned home thin with little fur and many scars. Barnaby is eating well, and with all the love and attention, the family hopes he will grow back into Fatman.
1. Why did Rachel Lawrence make a second call to the vet?A.To get more details about the stray cat. |
B.To check if Torvi was in good condition. |
C.To confirm the schedule for an operation. |
D.To seek a way to identify different meows. |
A.Sad. | B.Frightened. | C.Calm. | D.Thrilled. |
A.He was safe and sound. | B.He didn’t receive any kindness. |
C.He became much fatter. | D.He had a really rough time. |
A.A Kind Vet Took Good Care of a Long-lost Cat |
B.A Missing Cat’s Meow Led to a Happy Reunion |
C.A Determined Cat Owner Finally Cured Her Cat |
D.A Young Cat’s Operation Saved Another Cat's Life |
【推荐2】Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people wanting to add an animal companion. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred(纯种的)dogs and cats.
Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce, hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog.
Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs.
There’s something else to keep in mind. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle, not a pet you feel sorry for.
A.Pets not only provide but call for company. |
B.Animal experts discuss how to adopt a pet. |
C.Most importantly what you see is what you get. |
D.Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source. |
E.Consider the pet’s suitability for your family and lifestyle. |
F.You need to think carefully about how you will care for it. |
G.Some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed. |
【推荐3】At this time of year, with the nights closing in spring can seem very far away. For hill farmers, the call of the Eurasian curlew(白腰杓鹬) will be a reminder that winter is nearly over for another year. However, there are some parts of the UK and Ireland where farmers are no longer hearing their call.
Around early March, the curlew moves inland to breed, remaining obviously faithful to the sites where they have bred before. Their preferred nesting sites are rough grassland and moorland , which provide a mix of both open areas to feed and low bushes in which to hide their nests.
So why should we be concerned? The curlew is in serious trouble. The number of breeding curlews across the UK has dropped by 48% since the mid-90s. There are less than 150 pairs remaining in Ireland, down from 3, 750—4, 000 pairs in the late '80s, which is a disastrous decline of 96%. In southern and eastern England, recent surveys have shown there are fewer than 300 pairs remaining. Consequently, the curlews in Ireland and southern and eastern England are thought to be at the risk of upcoming extinction, while declines in the UK are also of serious concern. This is a potential disaster, not only for the UK and Ireland, but also the world as we are home to up to 27% of the global breeding population。.
What is driving the decline? What seems to be the problem? Firstly, the curlew is long-lived and should be able to keep stable numbers if each pair raises one baby bird every couple of months. Unfortunately, in many areas their breeding success rate is much lower. The main cause of this lack of production is loss of suitable living places due to land use change, such as agricultural practices and forestry. Secondly, their enemies, including foxes and crows, have multiplied rapidly over the last few decades
The challenge of responding to the problem is huge particularly as the curlews widely spread all over the lands. We cannot lose the curlew so how can we make a difference?
1. What do the underlined words in paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Spring hasn't come as expected. |
B.Spring comes really later than usual. |
C.Farmers are looking forward to the coming of spring. |
D.Farmers mistake the call of the curlew for the arrival of spring. |
A.By describing a process. | B.By making comparisons. |
C.By listing numbers. | D.By analyzing causes. |
A.The curlew is facing threats. | B.The curlew can't give birth to baby birds. |
C.The number of curlews is dropping quickly. | D.The curlew has a low breeding success rate. |
A.done on the curlew. |
B.Efforts made to save the curlew. |
C.Reasons for the decline of the curlew's population. |
D.Concern from people about the future of the curlew. |
【推荐1】According to a new study released Wednesday, human activity has now gone past six of nine planetary boundaries, which are ways to measure the stability and livability of Earth for humans. The study published in the journal Science Advances represents the third update of the planetary boundary framework carried out by 29 scientists from eight different countries.
The planetary boundaries concept identifies nine global priorities relating to human—caused changes to the environment. The concept sets boundaries on how much we can allow ourselves to impact not only the climate but also other global processes that can support modern civilization. Respecting these safety boundaries would minimize the risk of human activities setting off a dramatic and potentially irrecoverable change in global environmental conditions.
Crossing six boundaries does not necessarily mean a disaster to follow, but it is a clear warning signal. “We can regard it as we do our own blood pressure,” said the study lead author Katherine Richardson of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. “A blood pressure over 120 is not a guarantee of a heart attack but it increases the risk of one. For our own and our children’s sakes we need to reduce the pressure on these six planetary boundaries.”
As pressure on the planet increases and vital boundaries are being violated, we don’t know how long we can keep turning against these key boundaries before combined pressures lead to irrecoverable change and harm.
Richardson likens the framework to a bank statement—“it tells us how much of various resources of the Earth system we can allow ourselves to use without greatly increasing the risk in the overall environmental conditions we experience on Earth.”
According to Richardson, the study shows that focusing on climate alone will not solve the climate crisis; it must be seen together with the biodiversity crisis. Life is what makes this planet unique and it is the interactions between land, ocean, atmosphere and life that together provide conditions upon which our societies depend.
There is still time to prevent disasters, but we must take action, not next year or next month but now.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A.Our planet is safe enough to live on. |
B.Man puts our environment in great danger. |
C.The environmental stability can be ensured. |
D.The earth we live on is in a healthy condition. |
A.Reduce. | B.Increase. | C.Reconsider. | D.Challenge. |
A.Blood pressure is an important indicator in measuring physical health. |
B.Breaking six boundaries is certain to result in environmental disasters. |
C.Crossing boundaries is a clear warning against damaging environment. |
D.Paying attention to the behavior towards environment is very important. |
A.The nine planetary boundaries we should never go past |
B.How much of various resources of the Earth system we can use |
C.The ideal conditions upon which our humans depend to survive |
D.Immediate actions should be taken to protect the environment |
【推荐2】I passed my driving test at the fourth attempt. You might think that means I’m not as safe as someone who passed for the first time. But would you feel safer with no driver at all? Maybe not, and it’s for this reason that automotive firms have included driver-assist functions in their prototype (原型) driverless cars. This allows the human driver to take over if there is a problem.
Google is one manufacturer that has prototype driverless cars. These have been equipped with steering wheels and conventional controls to allow normal driving. But this is just a stage — the vision is to have fully automated cars very soon. The director of Google’s self-drive project, Chris Urmson, hopes his 11-year-old son will never have to take a driving test. To achieve that, the cars need to be on the roads in five years. He says driverless cars will greatly reduce accidents and traffic jams.
According to Chris, “about 1.2 million people are killed on the roads around the world each year. That number is equivalent to a jet falling out of the sky every day.” He thinks gradual changes to existing car designs are not enough to deal with the problem. “If we are really going to make changes to our cities and get rid of parking lots, we need self-drive cars,” he says.
Google’s prototypes have covered over a million kilometers on the road. They have also had to deal with unexpected situations, such as a child driving a toy car in the road, and a woman in an electric wheelchair chasing a duck. In each case, they reacted safely.
Some are not convinced. Seven Beiker of Stanford University thinks driverless cars will still need human input in extreme circumstances. He also worries that people may forget how to operate their vehicles if they do not do it regularly. “I guess I shouldn’t throw away my driver’s license just yet,” he says.
1. What can be known about driverless cars?A.They are fitted with newly-developed steering wheels. |
B.They include functions managed by human drivers. |
C.They need traditional controls to avoid traffic jams. |
D.They will be purchased on the market in five years. |
A.Chris believes that there is a possibility of a jet crashing per day. |
B.About 1.2 million people are killed around the world each year. |
C.Changing current car designs alone cannot prevent all traffic deaths. |
D.Driverless cars cannot deal with extreme circumstances without human help. |
A.Approving. | B.Cautious. |
C.Neutral. | D.Hopeful. |
A.Why we need driverless cars in the near future. |
B.How to control a driverless car without a driver’s license. |
C.Differences between driverless cars and conventional ones. |
D.A brief introduction of driverless cars and some opinions on them. |
【推荐3】If you are planning on travelling, there are few simple rules about how to make life easier both before and after your journey.
First of all, always check and doublecheck departure(出发) time. It is surprising how few people really do this carefully. Once I arrived at the airport a few minutes after ten. My secretary had got the ticket for me and I thought she had said that the plane left at 10:50. When I arrived at the airport, the person at the departure desk told me that my flight was closed. Therefore, I had to wait three hours for the next one and missed an important meeting.
The second rule is to remember that even in this age of credit cards(信用卡), it is still important to have some local money in cash(现金). Once I arrived at a place at midnight and the bank at the airport was closed. The only way to get to my hotel was by taxi but because I had no dollars, I offered to pay in pounds instead. “Listen! I only take real money!” the driver said angrily. You can image how terrible I felt at that moment.
The third and the last rule is to find out as much as you can about the weather at your destination before you leave. I feel sorry for some of my workmates who travel in heavy suits and raincoats in May, when it is still fairly cool in London or Manchester, to places like Athens, Rome or Madrid, where it is already beginning to get quite warm during the day.
1. Where is the writer most probably from?A.Britain | B.The USA |
C.Italy | D.Greece |
A.asked the driver to give him a free ride |
B.offered to pay in pounds |
C.gave the driver some fake(假的)money |
D.tried to pay by credit card |
A.warm and dry | B.cold and dry |
C.hot and wet | D.cool and rainy |