Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $ 8 to $ 10 a year. Today $ 8 or $ 10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper” —a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible( but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer’s office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged -and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public’s fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
1. Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?| A．Academic. | B．Unattractive. |
| C．Professional. | D．Popular. |
| A．They would be priced higher. | B．They would disappear from cities. |
| C．They could have more readers. | D．They could regain public trust. |
| A．Local politicians. | B．Common people. |
| C．Young publishers. | D．Rich businessmen. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】Welcome to our website. Here are some magazines to recommend this week.
Cover: $56.00
Sale Price:$25.00
Alarm celebrates independent thinking in music, art, film and fashion through in-depth writings. Each issue of Alarm features interviews, reviews and life stories of famous people in the artistic world. It also provides the latest news on famous bands, artists, film makers and fashion trends.
Cover Price: $47.40
Sale Price: $12.00
Alternative Press celebrates music and youth culture. It features the latest music news and releases, and includes interviews with new bands as well as famous bands. The magazine is written for fans of electronic, industrial, punk, underground, rock, experimental and other musical types. It also offers columns about new technology, book reviews and film reviews.
Cover Price: $39.92
Sale Price: $12,00
Sound & Vision is for people with a great interest in music and video. It is also for people who want to know how to reproduce video. The magazine tests new technology and explains how to uy and use music equipment.
Cover Price: $23.70
Sale Price: $12.00
Plex is a lifestyle magazine. It covers everything with hip-hop culture. Articles cover music, fashion, film and sports. It also has a buyer's guide to the hottest gear, clothes and gadgets. Plex combines two magazines into one. It is not only a lifestyle magazine but also a product guide.
1. Alarm would most probably attract people who love reading .| A．serious writings on music | B．simple humorous stories |
| C．reviews of novels | D．stories written by famous artists |
| A．about 38%. | B．about 55%. |
| C．about 75%. | D．about 70%. |
| A．Sound & Vision. | B．Alarm. |
| C．Alternative Press. | D．Plex. |
【推荐2】Readers have never had it so good. But publishers need to adapt better to the digital world.
During the next few weeks publishers will release a great number of books, pile them onto delivery lorries and fight to get them on the display tables of bookshops in the run-up to Christmas. It is an impressive display of competitive commercial activity. It is also increasingly pointless.
More quickly than almost anyone predicted, e-books are becoming popular quickly. Amazon, the biggest e-book retailer( 零售商), has lowered the price of its Kindle — e-readers to the point where people do not fear to take them to the beach. In America, the most advanced market, about one-fifth of the largest publishers’ sales are of e-books.
For readers, this is excellent. Amazon has successfully shortened distance by bringing a huge range of books to out-of-the-way places, and it is now fighting against time, by enabling readers to download books instantly. Moreover, huge choice and low prices are helping books hold their own on digital devices. For publishers, though, it is a dangerous time. Some of the publishers’ functions—packaging books and promoting them to shops—are becoming out of date.
Yet there are still important jobs for publishers.
The music and film industries have started to pack electronic with physical versions of their products—by, for instance, providing those who buy a DVD of a movie with a code to download it from the Internet. Publishers, similarly, should combine e-books with paper books.
They also need to become more efficient. In the digital age it is stupid to take months or even years to get a book to market. And if they are to distinguish their products from self-published dross( 糟粕), they must get better at choosing books, sharpening ideas and polishing copy. If publishers are to hold readers’ attention, they must tell a better story—and edit out all the spelling mistakes as well.
1. According to the author, what publishers do before Christmas is becoming __________.| A．efficient | B．satisfying | C．meaningless | D．worthwhile |
| A．By analyzing. | B．By giving examples. |
| C．By comparing. | D．By listing numbers. |
| A．Readers will have a wider choice than before. |
| B．The price of books will become much higher. |
| C．Traditional publishers will be out of work. |
| D．Traditional bookstores will completely disappear. |
| A．Spend more time editing a good book. |
| B．Change work to music and film industry. |
| C．Get rid of self-published dross completely. |
| D．Learn from what music and film industry did. |
| A．The Disappearing Ink. |
| B．The Book and Music Industry. |
| C．Golden Times for Publishers. |
| D．The Coming of the Digital Age. |
【推荐3】Subscription Options:
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6 months (130 issues) $152.00
1 year (260 issues) $275.00
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After placing your order, look for the “Send Magazine Gift Notification” on the order confirmation page, or go directly to the Magazine Subscription Manager.
In Magazine Subscription Manager, you'll see gift notification options to the right of each magazine you've bought. You can schedule a gift email or print a gift note.
Product Description
“USA Today” provides you with daily information of the top News, Money, Sports and Life news across the county and around the world with fair and honest reports, powerful pictures, and a quick, simple format The Nation's NO.1 newspaper keeps you knowing a thing or two with news influencing your life.
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In order to complete the deal, shared with a circulation-auditing(发行量审计) organization, we may share your email with the publisher, but you can know how it will be used in Subscription Manager. We will not share your credit card information.
1. How much should people pay for a month it they buy the newspaper for half year?| A．About $22.7. | B．About $ 25. | C．About $25.3. | D．About $26.2. |
| A．Send an email or print a note. | B．Enter “edit your shopping cart”. |
| C．Enter the gift giver's address. | D．Add the magazine to their cart. |
| A．An advertisement. | B．An introduction. | C．A report. | D．An announcement. |
【推荐1】With all the traditional media channels, including newspapers, magazines and television shows, shrinking, advertisers are worrying about how they can reach customers. Banners (横幅) ads on our devices are ugly and disturbing. To overcome various digital problems, the ad industry has been serving up a sneaky (不光明正大的) solution: make ads look less like ads and more like the articles, videos and posts around them.
This trend, called native advertising, has taken over the Internet; even the websites such as NYTimes.com and Wall-Street.com are using it. On Facebook and Twitter, every 10th item or so is an ad; only the small subtitle “Sponsored (赞助)” appearing in light gray type tells you which posts are ads.
Won’t dressing up ads to make them look like reported articles mislead people? Sometimes, yes. An Interactive Advertising Bureau study found that only 41 percent of general news readers could tell such ads apart from real news stories. And it’s getting worse. Advertisers worry that the “Sponsored” label discourages readers from clicking, so some websites are making the labels smaller and less noticeable. Sometimes the labels disappear entirely.
At a recent talk about the difficulty of advertising in the new, small-screen world, I heard an ad manager tell an impressive story. She had gotten a musical performance – paid for by her soft drink client- perfectly inserted (插入) into a TV awards show, without any moment of blackness before or after. “It looked just like part of the real broadcast!” she recounted happily.
Look, it is great that native advertising works. But if advertisers truly believe in their material, they should have no problem labeling it as advertising.
For now native ads continue to be a fashion- with no laws governing them and no labeling standard. But that could change; the Federal Trade Commission has begun considering regulation. If the new generation of digital advertisers clean up their act according to the regulation, native ads might become more acceptable.
1. What can we learn about native ads from the text?| A．They have overcome the problems of banner ads. |
| B．They are clearly labeled as ads in websites. |
| C．They are a special type of articles. |
| D．They are used by all websites. |
| A．It’s difficult to advertise in the small-screen world. |
| B．It’s difficult to tell native ads from what they have been inserted in. |
| C．It’s easy to insert ads into a TV awards show. |
| D．It’s easy to deal with the “Sponsored” label. |
| A．bright | B．discouraging | C．uncertain | D．time-dependent |
| A．How to advertise in the digital age. | B．Difficulties facing native ads. |
| C．Truth in digital advertising. | D．What native ads are? |
【推荐2】The rise of the robots has raised the possibility of a future where there is simply less wok for humans to do. To tired office workers, a world where we all have a bit more leisure time sounds rather nice. Yet what really matters is how work will be distributed across the workforce.
The recent past shows there is no reason to believe it will be evenly (均衡地) spread. The length of the average working week in the UK has declined steadily from about 59 hours in the mid-19th century to 32 hours in 2009. But averages hide a lot.
While trends among women have been stable, there have been big shifts among men. Males in well-paid full-time employment are now working slightly longer hours on average than two decades ago. Meanwhile, men in full-time employment at the bottom of the wage ladder are working much less.
On top of that, the number of low-paid men who work part-time has increased sharply. Twenty years ago, one in 20 men with low hourly wages worked part-time; today it is one in five. Analysis by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows this phenomenon is only happening among the low-paid. In better-paying jobs, part-time men are still fairly rare. Gender roles within families might tend to be similar too. Low-paid men may be choosing to shoulder more childcare responsibilities so their partners can return to work.
Yet it is clear that the distribution of work will matter to people. Britain has both overemployment and underemployment problems: official data show 3.4m people in Britain want to work more hours while 3.2m want to work few hours for less pay. The underemployed are likely to be waiters or cleaners. The overemployed are most likely to be doctors or chief executives. This indicates an economy where demand and supply of skills are out of sync.
Nobody knows for sure how the next wave of automation will shake up demand for different skills. Perhaps doctors will gain the free time they desire. Others might find themselves in greater demand. But short of us developing a much better system for training people quickly for the jobs economy needs, it seems likely that in the future—as now—there will be too much work for some, and too little for others.
1. What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?| A．The development of robots will get rid of humans’ work. |
| B．Future leisure time will be allocated evenly across the workforce. |
| C．UK has taken some measures to stop the decline of working hours. |
| D．The averages may not be the accurate indicators of the steady decline of working hours. |
| A．Low-paid men are to blame for the low employment. |
| B．More well-paid men are choosing to work part-time. |
| C．Part-time men have increased only among the low-paid. |
| D．Part-time men rarely shoulder childcare responsibilities. |
| A．Important. | B．Imbalanced. | C．Undoubted. | D．Harmful. |
| A．The total amount of human labor will be decreased. |
| B．Better training systems will be built across the world. |
| C．Robots contribute to uneven distribution across the workforce. |
| D．The number of low-paid men who work part-time has increased. |
【推荐3】By knowing what kind of learner you are, you can organize your study to best suit your particular way of learning.
Visual learning style
These learners like to draw, build, design and make things. They like looking at pictures and enjoy jigsaw puzzles and mazes. They tend to think in pictures rather than words.
Verbal learning style
These learners are very good at listening and are often very good speakers and story tellers. They think in words rather than pictures. They like to read and write, and usually have good memories for such things as names, dates and places.
Logical learning style
These learners are very logical. They easily recognize numerical and word patterns and look for logical connections between ideas. They like to figure things out for themselves and love solving problems. They enjoy working with abstract (抽象) ideas.
Bodily learning style
These learners like to move around a lot and to touch objects and people. They often wave their hands around when they are talking. They are good at physical activities, such as sport and dancing, and they enjoy making things with their hands.
Naturalistic learning style
These learners love to be outside. They are interested in nature and are usually fond of animals. They are often involved with nature conservation groups. They are excellent at planning picnics and other outdoor activities. They like to understand how things in nature work.
Music learning style
These learners appreciate music. They are usually good at singing or playing musical instruments and can often compose (作) music. They are often very sensitive to noises around them and are sometimes easily distracted (分散注意力) by background noises.
Interpersonal learning style
These learners like to be surrounded by people. They usually have lots of friends and like to join groups and clubs. They are often the leaders of any group they join and they are very good peace makers.
Intrapersonal learning style
These people are quite happy in their own company. They spend a lot of time thinking about things such as their dreams and hopes and their relationships with other people. They prefer to work alone and to follow their own interests.
1. If a person usually puts things into categories and sorts when thinking, he is most probably ________.| A．a bodily learner | B．a visual learner |
| C．a logical learner | D．a verbal learner |
| A．through music and rhythm |
| B．in a natural setting rather than a built environment |
| C．with pets around them |
| D．in the condition that there is loud natural noise |
| A．he (she) is not good at communicating with others |
| B．his (her) individual ability is rather good |
| C．he (she) is slow in thinking out the answers to problems |
| D．his (her) relationship with others is always bad |
| A．How Should You Learn? | B．How to Learn Best |
| C．Choose Your Style | D．Learning Styles |
