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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:53 题号:13779148

“I see you've got a bit of water on your coat, ” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?”“No,   it's pretty nice,”I replied,checking my sleeve. “Oh,right. A pony(马驹) bite me earlier. ”

As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him.

The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite signs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift(迁移).

The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mother's milk, and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.

Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.

Dartmoor has 1, 000 or so ponies,   who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的)future for one of Dartmoor's most financially-troubled elements.

1. Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?
A.To protect the tourists from being bitten.
B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station.
C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger.
D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.
2. One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is________.
A.to feed baby ponies on milkB.to control the number of ponies
C.to expand the habitat for poniesD.to sell the ponies at a good price
3. What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor's ponies?
A.It lacks people's involvement.B.It costs a large amount of money.
C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor.D.It has caused an imbalance of species.
【知识点】 动物 记叙文

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【推荐1】Jackdaws (寒鸦) switch between two sets of flocking (聚集) rules with differing results, new research has found. Flocks flying to winter roosts (居住地) are orderly no matter how many birds they contain; those trying to fight off enemies are initially disorganized when their numbers are small and then suddenly flip to order once enough birds join in.

Swimming bacteria, marching locusts, schooling fish and flocking birds all function as units. This phenomenon can emerge when individual agents following the same rules come together, says Alex Thornton, who studies cognitive evolution at the University of Exeter in England. “We got used to thinking of collective behavior as this almost physical phenomenon,” he says. “So the idea that animals might actually change the rules that they use when their environment and what they’re trying to achieve are different is quite novel and exciting.”

The researchers filmed flocking wild jackdaws in Cornwall, England, with four high-speed cameras, charting individuals’ positions and flying courses. Of the 16 flocks recorded, six were “transit flocks”— jackdaws returning to their roosts on winter evenings. In these groups, regardless of size, each jackdaw adjusted its course based on a fixed number of neighbors and always maintained order.

To initiate “mobbing flocks,” the researchers presented to groups of jackdaws a fake fox holding a fake, flapping bird and played alarm calls that the birds commonly use to warn other birds against enemies. In this context, jackdaws instead navigated by tracking all birds that were within a fixed distance. “With these rules, you have emergence of order from mess,” Thornton says. “Small flocks are disorganized. When the density of the flock reaches a certain level, suddenly there is order — much like how a gas transitions into a liquid.” These transitions have never been observed in birds before, he adds.

“What our work shows is that you cannot ignore the external environment in trying to model collective behavior in biological systems,” says Nicholas Ouellette, a physicist at Stanford University and co-author on the study. Drawing inspiration from jackdaws, he says, engineers could someday use context-dependent responses to build teams of drones that work together for firefighting, surveying and search-and-rescue missions: “It allows you to think about designing systems that are more flexible, that can change the rules to make the behavior more proper.”

1. What does Alex Thornton’s new research find about Jackdaws?
A.They vary the rules with which they gather.
B.They function as units while flying to winter roosts.
C.They tend to fly apart when meeting with enemies.
D.They get disorganize to wait for more birds to join in.
2. Which of the following statements is true of “transit flocks”?
A.They are normally big in size.
B.They are always in good order.
C.The members seldom changed their courses.
D.The members find direction by tracking faraway birds.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the transitions of a gas into a liquid are processes in which ________.
A.mess turns into order
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4. Nicholas Ouellette is quoted in the passage in order to ________.
A.highlight the flexibility of flocking birds
B.reveal how context-dependent responses occur
C.show how the research findings can be applied to different fields
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The bear cub was sick and hungry, weighing only 5 pounds and with his eyes not completely open. Eastridge called Lisa Stewart, who works at Appalachian Bear Rescue in Tennessee. Stewart always makes room for a new cub.

She named the bear Miracle because she thought it was a miracle that he had survived! As soon as she could, she stopped having contact with the cub so he would not become too used to humans. When the cub arrived, Stewart cleaned his eyes and put him in a house alone. Since Miracle was already 5 months old, Stewart gave him bowls of food and another bowl of a special formula (配方奶粉), similar to a bear mother's milk. Sometimes, Miracle would reach his head out of his house and take some formula or food. But he wasn't eating too much.

Miracle was too weak to be with other bears. So Stewart gave him a toy bear named Buddy. He took it into his house and covered it with straw (稻草). He fed Buddy, too. Stewart often found the toy covered in formula and berries and its ears full of apple chunks. Now that Miracle had Buddy, he came out of his house more often and wanted to eat.

After two months, Stewart introduced Miracle to other bears so they could learn from one another. She avoided any direct contact with Miracle and the other bears. Stewart wanted to make sure they stayed afraid of humans so they could go back into the wild again. She always hid behind a fence (栅栏) and threw food over the top secretly. The bears hunted for this food as they would soon do in the wild.

Five months later, Rick Eastridge returned to pick up a healthy 90­pound Miracle and another bear from Arkansas named Rocky. Eastridge loaded the bears into boxes on his truck and transported them back to the wild. As soon as the bear boxes were opened, the two cubs ran for the woods—where they belonged.

1. A toy bear was given to Miracle in order to        .
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D.rid Miracle of its fear of humans
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So, how exactly does pet ownership cause career success? Well, according to Banfield’s research, executives reported that their pet helped teach them lessons like doing their duty, thinking of good ideas, and planning things well, which have all been invaluable in the business world.

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From the pet ownership lessons we learned as children, to the ways our four-legged friends currently help us evolve, connect with others, and stay grounded, our latest research supports the idea we’ve had all along that there may be a link between pets and their ability to help shape us as people.

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