“I see you've got a bit of water on your coat, ” said the man at the petrol station. “Is it raining out there?”“No, it's pretty nice,”I replied,checking my sleeve. “Oh,right. A pony(马驹) bite me earlier. ”
As it happened, the bite was virtually painless: more the kind of small bite you might get from a naughty child. The pony responsible was queuing up for some ice cream in the car park near Haytor, and perhaps thought I'd jumped in ahead of him.
The reason why the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area and tourists are constantly feeding the ponies foods, despite signs asking them not to. By feeding the ponies, tourists increase the risk of them getting hit by a car, and make them harder to gather during the area's annual pony drift(迁移).
The purpose of a pony drift is to gather them up so their health can be checked, the baby ones can be stopped from feeding on their mother's milk, and those who've gone beyond their limited area can be returned to their correct area. Some of them are also later sold, in order to limit the number of ponies according to the rules set by Natural England.
Three weeks ago, I witnessed a small near-disaster a few miles west of here. While walking, I noticed a pony roll over on his back “Hello!” I said to him, assuming he was just rolling for fun, but he was very still and, as I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily. I began to properly worry about him. Fortunately, I managed to get in touch with a Dartmoor's Livestock Protection officer and send her a photo. The officer immediately sent a local farmer out to check on the pony. The pony had actually been trapped between two rocks. The farmer freed him, and he began to run happily around again.
Dartmoor has 1, 000 or so ponies, who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area. Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies, and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的)future for one of Dartmoor's most financially-troubled elements.
1. Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies?A.To protect the tourists from being bitten. |
B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station. |
C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger. |
D.To prevent the ponies from fighting. |
A.to feed baby ponies on milk | B.to control the number of ponies |
C.to expand the habitat for ponies | D.to sell the ponies at a good price |
A.It lacks people's involvement. | B.It costs a large amount of money. |
C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. | D.It has caused an imbalance of species. |
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【推荐1】Jackdaws (寒鸦) switch between two sets of flocking (聚集) rules with differing results, new research has found. Flocks flying to winter roosts (居住地) are orderly no matter how many birds they contain; those trying to fight off enemies are initially disorganized when their numbers are small and then suddenly flip to order once enough birds join in.
Swimming bacteria, marching locusts, schooling fish and flocking birds all function as units. This phenomenon can emerge when individual agents following the same rules come together, says Alex Thornton, who studies cognitive evolution at the University of Exeter in England. “We got used to thinking of collective behavior as this almost physical phenomenon,” he says. “So the idea that animals might actually change the rules that they use when their environment and what they’re trying to achieve are different is quite novel and exciting.”
The researchers filmed flocking wild jackdaws in Cornwall, England, with four high-speed cameras, charting individuals’ positions and flying courses. Of the 16 flocks recorded, six were “transit flocks”— jackdaws returning to their roosts on winter evenings. In these groups, regardless of size, each jackdaw adjusted its course based on a fixed number of neighbors and always maintained order.
To initiate “mobbing flocks,” the researchers presented to groups of jackdaws a fake fox holding a fake, flapping bird and played alarm calls that the birds commonly use to warn other birds against enemies. In this context, jackdaws instead navigated by tracking all birds that were within a fixed distance. “With these rules, you have emergence of order from mess,” Thornton says. “Small flocks are disorganized. When the density of the flock reaches a certain level, suddenly there is order — much like how a gas transitions into a liquid.” These transitions have never been observed in birds before, he adds.
“What our work shows is that you cannot ignore the external environment in trying to model collective behavior in biological systems,” says Nicholas Ouellette, a physicist at Stanford University and co-author on the study. Drawing inspiration from jackdaws, he says, engineers could someday use context-dependent responses to build teams of drones that work together for firefighting, surveying and search-and-rescue missions: “It allows you to think about designing systems that are more flexible, that can change the rules to make the behavior more proper.”
1. What does Alex Thornton’s new research find about Jackdaws?A.They vary the rules with which they gather. |
B.They function as units while flying to winter roosts. |
C.They tend to fly apart when meeting with enemies. |
D.They get disorganize to wait for more birds to join in. |
A.They are normally big in size. |
B.They are always in good order. |
C.The members seldom changed their courses. |
D.The members find direction by tracking faraway birds. |
A.mess turns into order |
B.density remains the same |
C.changes often happen slowly but steadily |
D.molecules keep a fixed distance from each other |
A.highlight the flexibility of flocking birds |
B.reveal how context-dependent responses occur |
C.show how the research findings can be applied to different fields |
D.call attention to the importance of the external environment |
【推荐2】
On a day in Arkansas, some fishermen saw a bear cub (幼兽) in a tree. As hours went by, its mother didn't return. So they called wildlife biologist (生物学家) Eastridge.
The bear cub was sick and hungry, weighing only 5 pounds and with his eyes not completely open. Eastridge called Lisa Stewart, who works at Appalachian Bear Rescue in Tennessee. Stewart always makes room for a new cub.
She named the bear Miracle because she thought it was a miracle that he had survived! As soon as she could, she stopped having contact with the cub so he would not become too used to humans. When the cub arrived, Stewart cleaned his eyes and put him in a house alone. Since Miracle was already 5 months old, Stewart gave him bowls of food and another bowl of a special formula (配方奶粉), similar to a bear mother's milk. Sometimes, Miracle would reach his head out of his house and take some formula or food. But he wasn't eating too much.
Miracle was too weak to be with other bears. So Stewart gave him a toy bear named Buddy. He took it into his house and covered it with straw (稻草). He fed Buddy, too. Stewart often found the toy covered in formula and berries and its ears full of apple chunks. Now that Miracle had Buddy, he came out of his house more often and wanted to eat.
After two months, Stewart introduced Miracle to other bears so they could learn from one another. She avoided any direct contact with Miracle and the other bears. Stewart wanted to make sure they stayed afraid of humans so they could go back into the wild again. She always hid behind a fence (栅栏) and threw food over the top secretly. The bears hunted for this food as they would soon do in the wild.
Five months later, Rick Eastridge returned to pick up a healthy 90pound Miracle and another bear from Arkansas named Rocky. Eastridge loaded the bears into boxes on his truck and transported them back to the wild. As soon as the bear boxes were opened, the two cubs ran for the woods—where they belonged.
1. A toy bear was given to Miracle in order to .A.remind him not to waste his food |
B.kill his lonely time in his house |
C.develop his skills of making friends |
D.rid Miracle of its fear of humans |
A.Because he could learn how to find food in the wild. |
B.Because he was too weak to be frightened by humans. |
C.Because a good relationship could be developed. |
D.Because she didn't want to disturb his peaceful life. |
A.An Unusual Bear |
B.The Growth of Miracle |
C.Rescuing Miracle |
D.Contacting Miracle |
【推荐3】Owning a lovable pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet owners’ professional lives as well. In fact, according to a new survey, people who have owned pets may be more professionally successful, and this is definitely good news for ambitious pet parents.
The survey was conducted by Kelton Global Research for Banfield Pet Hospital, according to Fast Company. The researchers surveyed 857 adults in the United States with a variety of careers, as explained in the survey summary on Banfield’s website.
Among the C-suite executives (CEOs, etc.) surveyed, 93 percent grew with a pet in their home, with 78 percent claiming that growing up with a pet helped cause their career success as an adult. Interestingly, 83 percent of C-suite executives who participated said they grew up with a dog, 59 percent of them said they grew up with a cat, and 37 percent of them said they grew up with another kind of pet.
So, how exactly does pet ownership cause career success? Well, according to Banfield’s research, executives reported that their pet helped teach them lessons like doing their duty, thinking of good ideas, and planning things well, which have all been invaluable in the business world.
At Banfield Pet Hospital, we’ve long recognized the special bond between people and their pets, as well as the positive influence pets have on our society, Brian Garish, president of Banfield Pet Hospital, said in a statement on Banfield’s website.
From the pet ownership lessons we learned as children, to the ways our four-legged friends currently help us evolve, connect with others, and stay grounded, our latest research supports the idea we’ve had all along that there may be a link between pets and their ability to help shape us as people.
But what about people who grew up pet-less, but have adopted pets as adults? Luckily for those, the survey showed that current pet ownership can also help with professional success. According to the research, 86 percent of current pet parents surveyed said owning pets helps them stick to a routine, better manage their time, and more efficiently multitask. But even if you don’t think your pet has directly helped you, your coworkers’ knowledge that you have a pet may actually be beneficial to your career.
1. Where can you find the survey summary?A.In a research paper. |
B.On Banfield’s website. |
C.In the files of Fast Company. |
D.On the notice board of Banfield Pet Hospital. |
A.By listing figures. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By analyzing causes. | D.By debating and concluding. |
A.Unity and bravery. | B.Kindness and loyalty. |
C.Honesty and creativity. | D.Responsibility and organization. |
A.Owning a Pet Can Make One’s Home Life Better |
B.Pet Owners May Be More Professionally Successful |
C.Different Ways to Guarantee One’s Career Successful |
D.The Differences Between Growing Up with Pets and Pet-less |
【推荐1】Located a few blocks away from the White House, Sakina Halal Grill in Washington DC is a restaurant with a difference. Enter during the busy lunch time and you will find businessmen and women eating side by side with the homeless. The owner Kazi Mannan, who is from Pakistan, would not run it in any other way.
Growing up in a village with no electricity, running water or even a building for a school, Kazi is familiar with poverty and hunger. Even in those hard days, whenever his mother Sakina cooked for her own children, she would provide some for her neighbours as well.
When Kazi reached America, he only had three dollars in his hand With the help of a Pakistani bus driver, he finally earned a down payment (首付款)on a restaurant.
The first thing he did was to change the name of the restaurant. He named it after his mother Sakina Halal Grill, whom he lost 26 years ago. But he did not stop there. Keeping his mother's teachings in mind, he not only used her old recipes (菜谱)but also decided to let the homeless eat at his restaurant for free. On the opening day of the restaurant, Kazi personally walked to the nearby park and invited the homeless there to have food at his restaurant.
Many friends said, “Don't let homeless people come inside your restaurant. They will ruin your business.” “But I don't care. If I fail, I fail!” said Kazi Mannan.
In less than 5 years, Sakina Halal Grill has risen to such popularity that Kazi is able to feed over 16,000 people for free every year. He also prepares extra food on Sundays for nearly 50 homeless people at the Georgetown Ministry Center. His deeds (事迹)encourage locals to volunteer there as well.
1. What's special about Sakina Halal Grill?A.Its owner's special way of decoration. |
B.Allowing the homeless to eat in it for free. |
C.Being located next to the White House. |
D.Its recipes learned from a famous cook. |
A.To memorise his mother. | B.To attract more customers. |
C.To complete his mother's wishes. | D.To thank the Pakistani bus driver. |
A.Selfish and mean. | B.Brave and reliable. |
C.Honest and stubborn. | D.Kind and encouraging. |
A.Kindness brings good business. | B.Technology is power. |
C.Money talks. | D.A good friend is good for business. |
【推荐2】Kristin Schell is the founder of The Turquoise Table, a movement of ordinary people who want to create community right in their own front yards. Ten years ago, she and her husband and their four children moved to a new home in Austin, Texas.
One day, Kristin needed backyard furniture for a party and bought a few picnic tables from Lowe’s. The delivery driver set one table down in her front yard by mistake. After the party, Kristin painted the table turquoise, her favorite color, and put it in the front yard, just a few feet from the sidewalk. Kristin invited people to join her at the table for coffee or iced tea. Neighbors began to stop by for a chat. Construction workers on jobs in the neighborhood took their lunch breaks at the table. Then neighbors asked Kristin if their family could put another picnic table in their front yard. A movement was born.
People often hesitate to invite others into their homes. They think their houses are too messy; they’re not big enough or they don’t have enough time. “Our perfectionism can cause us to miss out on the joy of connecting with others,” Kristin says. “My picnic tables take away the excuses and the pressure. Compared to entertaining people with a meal or a big party, all I have to do at the picnic table is show up.”
To advance the movement, Kristin traveled the country speaking at conferences and events with an encouraging word on how to open our lives and homes to others. Today, thousands of Turquoise Tables exist in all 50 states and in 13 countries around the world. Not all of them are actually turquoise. “No matter what color it is, it’s a friendship table,” Kristin says.
1. Why did Kristin place the painted table in her front yard?A.To beautify her front yard. | B.To entertain building workers. |
C.To connect with her neighbors. | D.To provide amusement for her kids. |
A.The rise of The Turquoise Table. | B.The reason for starting the movement. |
C.The barrier between hosts and strangers. | D.The inspiration for choosing picnic tables. |
A.It is hugely popular worldwide. |
B.It has popularized the role of front yards. |
C.It is notably successful across the country. |
D.It has raised public awareness of green issues. |
A.She is brave and generous. | B.She is a typical perfectionist. |
C.She is particular about colors. | D.She is friendly and welcoming. |
【推荐3】When I was seven years old, my family made me an ant farm. First, we put clean sand in a thin glass box. Then we waited for the ants to arrive. After the ants were in the glass farm, they started to make tunnels (地道). I was amazed that each one knew exactly what to do. Each had its own job.
On the fifth day a tragedy (悲剧) happened. I put my face so close to the glass farm that I knocked it over. All the tunnels fell down. Although the ants remained alive after their earthquake, one by one they began to die. I was scared as I watched them give up building their tunnels to carry the bodies to a corner of the farm. My mother said that the ants were dying of sadness. They simply could not stand that their tunnels were gone.
Although much time has passed, I still think of that ant farm. Mom had hoped it would teach me about the natural world, but it taught me much more.
Over the years, I came to realize the importance of teamwork. Working together, the ants were able to make an amazing world for themselves. I also learned that they should be admired for their hard work.
But there was an even larger lesson that I did not realize until recently: Adversity (逆境) is a natural part of life, and must be accepted. Unlike the ants, we cannot give up when we are sad. We have to realize that if a tunnel is gone, we must build another.
Giving up, I say, is not a good choice.
1. What did the writer’s family do for him when he was seven?A.They built a farm of ants. | B.They bought a few ants. |
C.They caught a lot of ants. | D.They found an ant city. |
A.The writer broke the glass box because it made his face dirty. |
B.The ants died one by one because the tunnels were destroyed. |
C.Unlike people, teamwork is not so important for the ants. |
D.Giving up is a good way when we meet trouble. |
A.a series of work | B.a group of members work together |
C.hard work | D.work for long hours |
A.Working together is useless. | B.Teamwork is important. |
C.He can’t accept adversity. | D.Working alone is amazing. |
A.Ants Fear Adversity | B.My Family and Ants |
C.Giving Up in Adversity | D.A Good Lesson from Ants |