People living on parts of the south coast of England face a serious problem. In 1993, the owners of a large hotel and of several houses discovered, to their horror, that their gardens had disappeared overnight. The sea had eaten into the soft limestone (石灰岩) cliffs on which they had been built. While experts were studying the problem, the hotel and several houses disappeared altogether, sliding down the cliff and into the sea.
Erosion(侵蚀)of the white cliffs along the south coast of England has always been a problem but it has become more serious in recent years. Dozens of homes have had to be abandoned as the sea has crept farther and farther inland. Experts have studied the areas most affected and have drawn up a map for local people, forecasting the year in which their homes will be swallowed up by the hungry sea.
Angry owners have called on the Government to erect sea defenses to protect their homes. Government surveyors have pointed out that in most cases, this is impossible. New sea walls would cost hundreds of millions of pounds and would merely make the waves and currents go further along the coast, shifting the problem from one area to another. The danger is likely to continue, they say, until the waves reach an inland area of hard rock which will not be eaten as limestone is. Meanwhile, if you want to buy a cheap house with an uncertain future, apply to a house agent in one of the threatened areas on the south coast of England. You can get a house for a knockdown price but it may turn out to be a knockdown home.
1. What is the cause of the problem that people living on parts of the south coast of England face?A.The disappearance of hotels, houses and gardens. |
B.The experts’ lack of knowledge. |
C.The rising of the sea level. |
D.The washing-away of limestone cliffs. |
A.will soon become a problem for people living in central England |
B.has now become a threat to the local residents |
C.is quickly changing the map of England |
D.can be stopped if proper measures are taken |
A.lead to its eventual solution |
B.provide an effective way to slow it down |
C.help to prevent it from worsening |
D.warn people whose homes are in danger |
A.it is too costly and will endanger neighbouring areas |
B.the government is too slow in taking action |
C.they will be easily knocked down by waves and currents |
D.house agents along the coast do not support the idea |
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【推荐1】Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them regularly. Countries that have a of earthquakes are usually quite mountainous.
The most-talked-about earthquake in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906.Over 700 people died in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska.
Strong earthquakes are not always the ones that kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded was felt in Portugal. Around 2,000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, Yokohama area of Japan. 140,000 people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake.
One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed a large number of people. The worst earthquake ever reported was also in China, in which 830, 000 people were killed. This earthquake happened in 1556.
Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they are coming. People cannot prepare for them beforehand.
1. How many people died in the earthquake in Portugal?A.About 2,000. | B.Around 140,000. | C.Over 830,000. | D.Above 700. |
A.Portugal, 1755. | B.Japan, 1923. | C.China, 1556. | D.America, 1906. |
A.For sure. | B.With care. | C.By hand. | D.In advance. |
A.Earthquakes are not likely to cause big fires. |
B.Earthquakes often hit people unexpectedly. |
C.Mountainous countries have no earthquakes. |
D.Strong earthquakes often kill the most people. |
【推荐2】Starting in 1972, the National Park Administration set up a policy for forest fires called Natural Burn. It was acknowledged that some forest fires, such as those caused by lightning, were necessary for forests to maintain balanced ecosystems, so the fire should be allowed to burn.
However, a big fire in Yellowstone National Park in 1988 caused this policy to be abandoned since the fire was at first allowed to burn yet soon out of control. As a result, the fire of 1988 destroyed much of Yellowstone, which is America’s oldest and most beloved national park. Massive areas of plants were destroyed, and large empty spaces and acres of burned and blackened trees greeted visitors. The rivers and streams were choked with ash, and the ecosystem of the park was changed beyond repair.
In addition, great numbers of animals were killed by the fires that burned out of control. The fires were driven by high winds, moving as many as ten miles a day. Many small animals died in the flames. The fires’ rapid advances gave the wildlife little chance to escape. Even today, few of these small forest animals have returned to live in the park.
In the years immediately following the fires, the numbers of visitors declined rapidly. No one was interested in seeing a blackened and treeless park on vacation. Yellowstone had previously been famous for its amazing views and unique geological formations such as the Old Faithful Geyser. But now its reputation as America’s wonder is damaged permanently.
1. Why was Natural Burn adopted as a policy?A.Because some forest fires were impossible to put out. |
B.Because forest fires were started by lightning accidentally. |
C.Because some forest fires were good for the balance of nature. |
D.Because it was approved officially by National Park Administration. |
A.Strong winds contributed to the fire a lot. | B.Big Winds were blown from high places. |
C.The animals moved only ten miles a day. | D.Many animals lived by rivers chocked with ash. |
A.Yellowstone fire in 1988 was under control at first. |
B.The seriousness of Yellowstone forest fire was unexpected. |
C.The ecosystem of the park was slightly damaged by the fire. |
D.Yellowstone is no longer a national park after the forest fire. |
A.A guide book. | B.A news report. |
C.A commercial ad. | D.A geography magazine. |
【推荐3】A volcano burst in New Zealand December 9, 2019, killing at least five people and leaving many more missing.
News reports said at least 18 people were injured in the eruption of White Island volcano, about 50 kilometers off New Zealand’s main North Island. Some of the injured suffered severe burns. About 50 people, including New Zealanders and foreign visitors, were feared to have been near the volcano at the time of the eruption, Reuters news agency reported. Travel groups often make day visits to White Island.
Police said in a statement there were no signs of life on the island after helicopters and other aircraft carried out search and rescue operations. “Police believe that anyone who could have been taken from the island alive was rescued at the time of the evacuation(撤离),” the statement said. Large clouds of ash and steam could be seen shooting thousands of meters into the air after the explosion.
The disaster immediately raised questions about why people were permitted to visit White Island. Scientists had noted a rise in volcanic activity in recent weeks.
The GeoNet agency follows volcano and earthquake activity in New Zealand. On November 18, it raised the alert level on White Island from 1 to 2. A level of 5 represents a major eruption. The agency also said at the time that volcanic tremors(微震) had increased from weak to moderate in past weeks.
1. How many injuries and deaths in the eruption of White Island volcano?A.23 | B.less than 23 | C.73 | D.more than 23 |
A.There were no people alive on the island. |
B.There were still some signs of life. |
C.There were some animals living on the island. |
D.All living things were still on the island as usual. |
A.The disaster | B.The GeoNet agency | C.Whit Island | D.New Zealand |
【推荐1】Popeye the Sailor first became a popular cartoon in the 1930s. The sailor in that cartoon ate lots of spinach to make him strong. People watched him, and they began to buy and eat a lot more spinach. Popeye helped sell 33 percent more spinach than before! Spinach became a necessary part of many people’s diets. Even some children who hated the taste began to eat the vegetable.
Many people thought that the iron in spinach made Popeye strong, but this is not true. Spinach does not have any more iron than any other green vegetable.
People only thought spinach had a lot of iron because the people who studied the food made a mistake. In the 1890s, a group of people studied what was inside vegetables. This group said that spinach had ten times more iron than it did. The group wrote the number wrong, and everyone accepted it.
Today, we know that the little iron there is in spinach cannot make a difference in how strong a person is. However, spinach does have something else which the body needs—folic acid.
It is interesting to point out that folic acid can help make a person strong. Maybe it was really the folic acid that made Popeye strong all along.
1. Why did many people eat spinach after they saw Popeye the Sailor?A.They thought spinach made them strong. | B.They thought Popeye was funny. |
C.Spinach had a lot of iron. | D.People liked folic acid. |
A.made Popeye strong |
B.was a green vegetable |
C.had less iron than other green vegetables |
D.had more iron than other green vegetables |
A.iron | B.folic acid | C.spinach | D.exercise |
A.something in food | B.a vegetable | C.dangerous | D.a certain kind of spinach |
【推荐2】Spain is a country that lies in southwestern Europe. It’s surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on the south and the east, while to the north and northeast of Spain lie France, Andorra and the Bay of Biscay. The west and northwest of Spain are surrounded by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean.
The official name of the state is the Kingdom of Spain. Madrid is the capital city, which is also one of the famous places in Spain. Spain, which covers 505,925 square kilometres, is one of the largest countries in Europe.
The weather in Spain differs from one area to another. Most of the rain that happens in Spain is in the mountainous areas. The plains hardly receive any rainfall.
Soccer is an important part of life in Spain. It’s said that Spanish children learn to walk and play soccer at exactly the same time. Real Madrid and FC Barcelona are two Spanish soccer teams, which are respected by soccer fans not only in Spain, but all over the world. The popularity of the sport can be judged from the fact that three major soccer teams, which are Real Madrid, Atletico de Madrid, and Rayo Vallecano, were born in Madrid.
If you are a tourist, then you will want to know about the driving rules in Spain. If you’re not from the European Union, Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, or Liechtenstein, then for you to drive you’ll have to carry your international driver’s license. Bad news if you haven’t celebrated your 18th birthday. If you want to rent a car, then you must have completed 21 years of age. If you’re driving, make sure you take all the documents at all times during your stay in Spain.
1. Paragraph 1 is mainly about .A.the history of Spain | B.the location of Spain |
C.famous cities in Spain | D.neighbouring countries of Spain |
A.Three major soccer teams were born in Madrid. |
B.Spanish people enjoy watching soccer matches. |
C.Spanish people play soccer when they are walking. |
D.Spanish soccer teams have fans all over the world. |
A.Tom who is 17 years old. | B.Jenny who is 19 years old. |
C.Mike who is 20 years old. | D.Bruce who is 22 years old. |
A.explain how to enjoy life in Spain | B.prove Spain is a beautiful country |
C.make readers know more about Spain | D.attract more people to pay a visit to Spain |
【推荐3】Japanese botanist Akira Miyawaki, beginning in the 1970s, pioneered a method of planting young native species close together to quickly create tiny forests on urban wasteland. He found that protected areas around temples in Japan contained a huge variety of native plants that co-existed to produce adaptable and diverse ecosystems. The forests were layered together from four categories of native plantings: main tree species, sub-species, bushes, and ground-covering herbs. Using this four-category system, along with his explorations of the vegetation in Japan, Miyawaki designed his own system for planting forests.
Miyawaki forests can grow into mature ecosystems in just 20 years-about 10 times the growth speed of a traditional forest, explained Kazue Fujiwara who worked with Miyawaki. According to Fujiwara, the planting should center on the primary trees of the location. Native species require no maintenance (养护) after the first two years and are more likely to survive and grow well in the local environmental conditions. What's more, they provide an ideal home for endangered species.
When Shubhendu Sharma learned about Miyawaki's forest creation technique in 2009, the botanist created a forest at the Toyota factory in India where Sharma worked as an engineer. Shortly, he started a company to create similar forests, researching the method and trying it in his own backyard. He described his work in a 2014 TED Talk, and released his version of the instructions so anyone could learn how to create their own small native forest. Since then, Sharma's company, Afforestt, has helped plant forests in 44 cities.
Now, Miyawaki-style urban forests have been springing up across Europe. Cities in Asia are embracing the idea, with Pakistani minister announcing plans for 50 Miyawaki forests in Lahore, and Indian officials setting a target to plant 1,000 in Chennai.
1. What inspired Miyawaki to develop his method of planting forests?A.A lack of urban green space. | B.The forests near the temples. |
C.A drop of biodiversity in Japan. | D.The existence of much wasteland. |
A.It grows much faster. | B.It is maintenance-free. |
C.It remains resistant to any disease. | D.It is easier to live with invasive species. |
A.He popularized the method. | B.He ran a woodwork business. |
C.He wrote a book on Miyawaki. | D.He enjoyed seeing urban sights. |
A.Mentioning. | B.Tolerating. | C.Evaluating. | D.Accepting. |