【推荐1】Too many people want others to be their friends，but they don’t give friendship back. That is why some friendships don’t last very long. To have a friend，you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules：be honest，be generous(宽宏大量的)，be understanding.

Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don’t tell the truth，people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest，you may lose your friend’s trust. Good friends always count on one another to speak and act honestly.

Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes，of course. Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy，like your hobbies and your interests. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. These can be very valuable to a friend. They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them you help your friend know you better.

Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem. So to be a friend you must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better.

No two friendships are ever exactly alike(相同的)．But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friendships, you must practice honesty, generosity and understanding.

1. Some friendships don’t last very long because______.

A．there are too many people who want to make friends

B．they know friendship is something serious

C．those who give others friendships receive friendships from others

D．those who never give others friendships receive no friendships from others

2. According to the author，how do you help your friend know you better?

A．Ask your friend for everything.

B．Don’t tell the truth to your friend.

C．Share your ideas and feelings with your friend.

D．Give your lunch money or your clothes to your friend.

3. The best title of this passage is “______”．

A．Honesty is the best habit

B．How to be a friend

C．A friend in need is a friend indeed

D．Three important points in life

【推荐3】Are You a Moring Person?

Mornings are not for everyone. Knowing that our own bodies may be wired to prefer a certain time of day is certainly a relief. But many of us still have to wake up and function during those first daylight hours. So what can you do?

We tapped a variety of experts - from sleep experts to nutritionists to life organizational pros (生活管理达人) — to share their tricks on how to make morning less stressful and more pleasant for even the most after-hours of night owls.

1. Night waking

Poor sleep quality can explain why we sometimes wake up from eight hours of snoozing and feel like we only clocked in at four. “It’s normal to have one or two awakenings, but more than that leaves us feeling groggy (昏昏沉沉) in the morning because of the fragmented sleep,” explains Shelby Harris, director of the behavioral sleep medicine program at Montefiore Medical Center.

2. The Science of snoozing

The snooze button does more harm than good. Nodding off again sends you into a light and fragmented sleep! Multiple snoozes can leave you feeling groggier than just getting out of bed the first time. Instead, be honest about the time you intend to get up and then enjoy every last minute of sleep, so you can wake up alert and ready to go.

3. Don’t ease into your workday

It can be tempting to plow through the easy things early on—checking e-mail, scanning the headlines—but it’s wise to tackle the bigger stuff first. “Getting to work on the most important tasks not only ups the chances that they actually get done, but it also leaves you with a burst of accomplishment to take with you the rest of the day,” says Jason Selk, coauthor of Organize Tomorrow Today.

4. Save social media for later

Schedule a social media block later in the afternoon to check in when you’re likely to need a break anyway, and save the morning for the important stuff.

1. What’s the purpose of the passage?

A．To help us to get the most out of our mornings.

B．To relieve us from the guilt of multiple snoozes in the morning.

C．To warn us of the harm of not getting out of bed immediately.

D．To inform us about the fact that our bodies are wired to prefer a certain time of day.

2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．One or two awakenings ensure us a good night’s sleep.

B．To be an early bird, better forget about the snooze button.

C．It’s important not to block social medium if you want to save your morning.

D．Beginning a day with easy things aroused our interest and a sense of accomplishment.

3. Where can we find the passage?

A．Classified Advertisement	B．Travel Brochure
C．Life and Study	D．Scientific Journal

【推荐1】To the Sweden, there are few smells more attractive than surströmming, a kind of Swedish fermented fish. To most non-Sweden, however, there are probably few smells more awful — the fish has been described variously as smelling like sour cat litter, or even droppings-like. In determining which smells people find pleasant or not, surströmming suggests culture must play a sizeable part.

New research, however, suggests that might not be the case. Artin Arshamian, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and Asifa Majid, a psychologist at the University of Oxford, began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. This was not just because of examples like that of surströmming. They knew from past experiments by other researchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful.

To study how smell and culture relate, the researchers presented ten smells. These smells varied from herb to isovaleric acid, the chemical responsible for smelly socks. More in-between smells, which the team thought might have different opinions, included octanoic acid; and octenol, an earthy smell found in many mushrooms. The cultures doing the smelling varied widely too, including hunters, farmers and city folk.

All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to pleasantness. Contrary to previous belief, it was found that pleasantness rankings were remarkably consistent (一致的) regardless of where people came from. Isovaleric acid was hated by the vast majority, only eight giving it a score of l to 3 (1 was very pleasant and 10 was very unpleasant). On the other hand, more than 190 people gave herb a score of l to 3. Overall, the chemical composition of the smells explained 41 % of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural upbringing accounted for just 6 %.

Even so, while culture didn’t shape perceptions (感知) of smells in the way that it shapes perceptions of faces, the researchers did find an “eye of the beholder” effect. Personal preference learned from the outside, as the researchers suggest, accounted for 54 % of the difference in which smells people liked.

1. What do we know about surströmming in the first paragraph?

A．It’s attractive to people around the world.

B．Swedish people regard its smell pleasant.

C．It plays an important role in different cultures.

D．Its popularity is mainly decided by culture.

2. Which smell ranked first in terms of pleasantness?

A．Octenol.	B．Herb.
C．Octanoic acid.	D．Isovalericacid.

3. What plays a major role in the appreciation of smells?

A．Personal taste.	B．Cultural background.
C．Life experience.	D．Chemical composition.

4. What message does the text communicate?

A．You are shaped by the smell you prefer.

B．Culture plays an important role in smells.

C．Smells are personal rather than cultural.

D．Perceptions of smells are the same as beauty.

【推荐2】Native to forests of Central and South America, glass frogs in the Centrolenidae family get their name from their skin and muscles that help them be perfectly fit to live in their jungle environment. Turn the frogs over, where the effect is the most impressive, and you’ll make out their hearts, livers, and other organs through their hyaline stomachs.

And in a study published in the journal Science, researchers have discovered an amazing mechanism (机制) the animals use to become so clear.

When glass frogs go to sleep, they take in 89 percent of their brightly colored red blood cells into sacs(液囊) in their livers, which reflect incoming light and make the frogs appear nearly unseen. With their red blood cells out of view, the frogs become twice to three times more clear -a trick scientists believe helps the animals avoid being killed and eaten by their natural enemies.

“The trick is really hard to do, because their tissues are full of things that take in and spread light. And transparency (透明) is normal for many creatures in water, but hard on land,” says study co-author Jesse Delia. “Red blood cells also take in a lot of light, and we found that the frogs can actually hide themselves by packing them into the liver.”

Not only are the findings interesting, but the researchers attach great importance to them. That’s because many red blood cells in one place usually form a clot (血块), which can block and lead to a potentially life-threatening condition. But the frogs can seemingly clot and expand their red blood cells at will — without any negative effects. This may mean the animals already have what medical researchers have been seeking for decades: a biological mechanism which prevents too much bleeding while also preventing too much clotting.

1. What does the underlined word “hyaline” mean in paragraph 1?

A．See-through.

B．Powerful.

C．Narrow.

D．Good-looking.

2. What is the new discovery about glass frogs?

A．The frogs fit in their environment better.

B．Sacs filled with red blood cells make the frogs clear.

C．Red blood cells in the frogs’ liver reflect light.

D．The frogs are able to take in a lot of bright colors.

3. What does Jesse Delia think of glass frogs’ trick?

A．Interesting.

B．Unusual.

C．Normal.

D．Annoying.

4. Why do the researchers consider the findings important?

A．They help cure serious diseases.

B．They are a blessing for wild animals.

C．They can lead to advances in medicine.

D．They will prevent all clotting and bleeding.

【推荐3】When we think of paper, we think of newspapers and books. But there are many other uses. Only half of the world’s paper is used for books and newspapers.

Paper is very good for keeping you warm. You have perhaps seen homeless men asleep on a large number of newspapers. In Finland, it is sometimes-40℃ in winter. The farmers wear paper boots(靴子)in the snow. Nothing could be warmer.

Each year, more and more things are made of paper. We have had paper cups and plates for a long time. But now we hear that chairs, tables, and even beds can be made of paper. With paper boots and shoes, you can wear paper hats, paper dresses, and paper raincoats. When you have used them once, you throw them away and buy new ones.

The latest use of paper seems to be paper houses. These are not small houses for children to play in, but real, big houses for people to live in. You can buy a house with three rooms for about 500 dollars. You can put it up by yourself in a few hours, and you can use it for about five years.

1. Only half of the world’s paper is used to___________.

A．build houses	B．help the homeless people
C．make chairs tables and beds	D．print (印刷) newspapers and books

2. The farmers in Finland wear paper boots in winter___________.

A．to feel much better	B．to go for a walk
C．to keep their feet warm	D．to save a lot of money

3. Long before we began to use paper to make chairs, tables and beds, ___________.

A．we had already had paper cups and plates

B．we didn’t have paper cups and paper plates

C．we could wear paper hats and paper dresses

D．we could buy paper boots and shoes in paper shops

4. The latest use of paper seems to be paper houses. These houses are___________.

A．not expensive and easy to build up

B．made only for the rich people in China

C．big and strong enough to live for many years

D．made for children to play in or for homeless men to live in