When you think of the Arctic, you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. “And now”, CNN says, “It's the Arctic's turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics (微塑料) in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1800 pieces of microplastics per liter of snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It's clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What's more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we're eating the plastic as well.
1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A.The Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish |
B.The Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow. |
C.The Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air. |
D.The Arctic is the last rally clean place left on earth |
A.From water. | B.From air. | C.From wind. | D.From food. |
A.Reduce. | B.Donate. | C.Cause. | D.Help. |
A.By advising us to drink clean water. |
B.By asking people not to eat sea animals. |
C.By showing the beauty of Arctic. |
D.By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】A team of leading environmental experts have warned that the current war on plastic is detracting from the bigger threats to the environment. In an article, they say that while plastic waste is an issue, its prominence in the general public’s concern for the environment is overshadowing greater threats, for example, climate change and biodiversity loss.
The team argue that much of the bad talk about plastic waste is based on data that is not always representative of the environments that have been sampled. The dislike of plastic associated with this could encourage the use of alternative materials with potentially harmful effects.
The authors warn that plastic pollution dominates the public’s concern for the environment and has been exploited politically, after capturing the attention of the world, for example, through the images of wildlife caught in plastic was alarmist headlines. They say small political gestures such as law banning cosmetic microplastics, taxing plastic bags, and financial rewards for using reusable containers, as well as the promotion of products as “green” for containing less plastic than alternatives, make people neglect other environmental problems that are not as noticeable as plastic pollution.
The article also highlights that plastic is not the only type of polluting materials, originating from human activity that pollutes the environment. Other examples include natural textile fibres such as cotton and wool, and brake-wear particles from vehicles — all of which are present in different places. The authors note that these materials are often much more abundant than microplastics and some are associated with “plastic alternatives” that are marketed as solutions to plastic pollution. The impacts of these materials are less well-known than plastic and microplastic pollution, yet they could have huge impacts.
The article states that solutions are likely to come from a greater focus on designing materials and products that can be recycled, that have their end-of-life, and that markets and facilities exist to recycle.
1. What’s the experts’ attitude towards the current war on plastic?A.Indifferent. | B.Favorable. | C.Critical. | D.Objective. |
A.The negative view of plastic. |
B.The use of alternative materials. |
C.The potential harmful effects. |
D.The defense for plastic. |
A.Explain a rule. | B.Make a comparison. |
C.Clarify a point. | D.Offer a suggestion. |
A.A response to plastic pollution. |
B.A schedule to fight against pollution. |
C.An argument against climate change. |
D.A guide to plastic management. |
【推荐2】It might be hard at first glance to see what things like toothbrushes, tires, cigarettes, and shoes have in common. But look closer and you’ll find that, like so many objects in our daily lives, they’re often made to a greater or lesser degree of the magic stuff (东西): plastic.
That stuff is now a planetary problem. Sometimes, because the plastic is mixed with other materials — including other plastics, such as in shoes — it’s difficult or impossible to recycle. In many places, recycling or burying in a landfill isn’t an option, not to mention all the waste that ends up in rivers and oceans. And so, more often than not, after a short useful life, plastic objects enter what’s likely to be a centuries-long afterlife as rubbish.
They’re thrown into rivers and washed into the sea. They break down into tiny bits called micro plastics. Sea animals big and small eat those pieces. Some pieces get mixed in with sea salt and we wind up eating them, with uncertain effects. We breathe in even smaller pieces called nano plastics: Scientists recently discovered them on remote mountaintops and even in the Arctic, where they are carried by winds and mixed with rain and snow.
The magic stuff has now become the stuff of nightmares.
Increasingly the challenge is to have the former without the latter. “Reduce, reuse, and recycle” has been the environmentalists’ answer for half a century. Businesses that sell plastic products or packaging, however, have little motivation to encourage reducing or reusing, and recycling — once thought a cure-all — can be complex and expensive. But with plastic pollution now a global problem, the stakes (风险) are raised, and so is public awareness.
Plastic waste has started to worry us. Business owners are creating new options for avoiding it. The point is not to demonize(妖魔化)things that were invented for good reason and with good intentions; the point is to find a way to have our plastic and not eat it too.
1. Which of the following can best describe plastic in our life according to Paragraph 1?A.Old-fashioned | B.Widely-used |
C.Harmful | D.Useless |
A.It hasn’t worked properly. |
B.It has been totally ignored. |
C.It hasn’t gained support from the public. |
D.It has encouraged the businesses to recycle. |
A.A ban on plastic production. |
B.A law punishing plastic littering. |
C.An alternative material replacing plastic. |
D.A new method of using without pollution. |
A.A magazine. | B.A guidebook. |
C.A novel. | D.A diary. |
Of its 200 inhabited islands,which are spread across an area of 35,000 square miles,99 are good resorts(旅游胜地).So many tourists come every year,more than double the local population.Of these,over l 00,000 travel from the U K.The capital,Malé,is four times more densely populated than London.Given these facts,it’s hardly surprising that the Maldives has a waste disposal problem.
Years ago,when the tourists left,the government had to deal with a stream of rubbish.Their solution was to turn one of the islands into a dumping ground.Four miles west of Malé is the country’s dumping ground,Thilafushi.What you are seeing here is a view of the Maldives on which no honeymooners will ever clap eyes.Each visitor produces 3.5 kg of waste per day.The country dumps more than 330 tons of rubbish on the island every day.
Now,since many waste boats,fed up with waiting seven hours or more,directly offload their goods into the sea,the government of the Maldives has banned the dumping of waste on the island.So,the waste boats ship the rubbish to India instead.
1. The underlined part can probably be replaced by ___________.
A.it’s quite similar to | B.it’s a long distance from |
C.it’s a loud shout from | D.it’s totally different from |
A.It is much more crowded in Malé than in London. |
B.Another island will be used as a dumpling ground. |
C.No honeymooners are willing to visit the Maldives. |
D.Waste on islands will be offloaded directly into the sea. |
A.To attract more tourists to the Maldives. |
B.To state the waste disposal problem in the Maldives. |
C.To call on us to protect the environment. |
D.To explain the causes of pollution in the Maldives. |
【推荐1】Video games can spend hours intensely focused on leveling up — progressing to the next level of skill and challenge- in a virtual world, while their everyday troubles fade into the background. Called “flow”, this profoundly immersive state is familiar to artists, musicians and athletes, and has become a popular topic in the media. But video game scholar Braxton Soderman urges caution.
In his new book, Against Flow: Video Games and the Flowing Subject, Soderman aims to “create a little turbulence (湍流) in the smooth flow.” Among his criticisms of flow in relation to video gaming is that it can be used to manipulate (操纵) players for profit and socially isolate them.
“Developers of video games and apps design their technologies specifically in order to produce these intense states of concentration, to addict people to these kinds of experiences,” says Soderman. Money, of course, is the driving force behind most game design, not happiness.
Soderman has played video games almost his entire life, but as the father of two young children, he’s careful to limit the types of games and amount of time his kids spend on video games.
As with flow, Soderman worries that the concepts of play are already being manipulated by capitalism. Business owners, he says, arc being encouraged to use play and creativity to establish “playgrounds of profit” instead of creating more open, inclusive environments that actually make people happier.
“Play is an activity that is really about creativity, exploring possibilities, and freedom,” he says. “But it can be hijacked (操纵) and used in a wrong way”.
The concept of play, like flow, is one that Soderman will challenge us all to step back and think about critically. Because, as he shows in Against Flow, getting lost in a video game for a while can be fun, as long as you don’t end up swept away in a lonely current of someone else’ s profit.
1. What’s a key sign of video games being in a “flow” state?A.Profound interest in arts and music. |
B.Increased focus on everyday troubles. |
C.Persistent engagement in online chatting. |
D.Intense concentration on game progression. |
A.To foster genuine happiness. | B.To enhance social interactions. |
C.To build up concentration skills. | D.To profit from player involvement. |
A.It’s subject to capitalist influence. |
B.It blocks creativity and possibilities. |
C.It’s unfavorable for game development. |
D.It promotes addiction to virtual socializing. |
A.A review of recent video game research. |
B.A report about game development practices. |
C.An introduction to a newly published book. |
D.An essay on the concepts of “flow” and “play”. |
【推荐2】While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students in Auckland, New Zealand. They became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher, Will. Will is just an avatar(用户头像)that appears on the students desktop, tablet, or smartphone screen, not a human-like robot walking around the classroom.
Auckland energy company Vector and AI company Soul Machines worked together to develop Will, which has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to perform human-like behavior. The digital teacher is currently assigned to teach Vector’s “Be sustainable with energy,” a free program for Auckland elementary schools.
Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam(网络摄像头)and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues(非口头提示). For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps capture the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their participation, and make changes if needed.
Vector’s Chief Digital Officer, Nikhil Ravishankar says, “What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.”
Will, in place since August 2018, has been a great success so far. However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon. For. one, the avatar’s knowledge base is severely restricted. But more importantly, even the smartest digital avatars could never predict and react to all the unexpected situations that educators have to deal with on a daily basis. However, it could come in handy as a “personal tutor”, providing kids with one-on-one help on specific subjects or even topics.
1. What is Willable to do in class?A.Think like humans. | B.Satisfy all kids’ needs. |
C.Interact with the students. | D.Monitor students’ participation. |
A.Positive. | B.Negative. | C.Doubtful. | D.Unconcerned. |
A.Its popularity. | B.Its limitations. | C.Its applications. | D.Its convenience. |
In China, children enjoy free education of nine years, but in the United States, the students enjoy free education(which will be started when they are about 6 years old) until they are 18 years old. As a result of the free education system, American children have little difficulty in going to senior high school.
American high school students can take part in a lot of activities outside of the classroom. The activities are organized by the school, such as joining a music group or a sports team. Certainly, just like us students in China, American students have to work hard in order to get good marks if they want to go to a good university. They take classes in all kinds of subjects all through the high school period. And students with low marks at the end of a school year are still allowed to go on to the next grade.
In American high schools, there is fighting or hurting or other kinds of bad behaviors. So children who want to go to university are often sent to suburban (郊区的) high schools, where most students want to go to university and the atmosphere (氛围) is quite different.
1. This passage mainly tells us about ________.
A.education of Chinese middle school |
B.education of American high school |
C.American free education |
D.how to get into universities in America |
A.The time of free education in China is longer than that in America. |
B.Those who get good marks can go to a good university. |
C.American students can take all kinds of subjects during the high school period. |
D.They can be allowed to join the next grade even if they fail the school-year exam. |
A.the atmosphere in high schools is not good |
B.none of the schools in cities are good for learning |
C.suburban high schools are good places for learning |
D.all the American students want to go to university |