It might be hard at first glance to see what things like toothbrushes, tires, cigarettes, and shoes have in common. But look closer and you’ll find that, like so many objects in our daily lives, they’re often made to a greater or lesser degree of the magic stuff (东西): plastic.
That stuff is now a planetary problem. Sometimes, because the plastic is mixed with other materials — including other plastics, such as in shoes — it’s difficult or impossible to recycle. In many places, recycling or burying in a landfill isn’t an option, not to mention all the waste that ends up in rivers and oceans. And so, more often than not, after a short useful life, plastic objects enter what’s likely to be a centuries-long afterlife as rubbish.
They’re thrown into rivers and washed into the sea. They break down into tiny bits called micro plastics. Sea animals big and small eat those pieces. Some pieces get mixed in with sea salt and we wind up eating them, with uncertain effects. We breathe in even smaller pieces called nano plastics: Scientists recently discovered them on remote mountaintops and even in the Arctic, where they are carried by winds and mixed with rain and snow.
The magic stuff has now become the stuff of nightmares.
Increasingly the challenge is to have the former without the latter. “Reduce, reuse, and recycle” has been the environmentalists’ answer for half a century. Businesses that sell plastic products or packaging, however, have little motivation to encourage reducing or reusing, and recycling — once thought a cure-all — can be complex and expensive. But with plastic pollution now a global problem, the stakes (风险) are raised, and so is public awareness.
Plastic waste has started to worry us. Business owners are creating new options for avoiding it. The point is not to demonize(妖魔化)things that were invented for good reason and with good intentions; the point is to find a way to have our plastic and not eat it too.
1. Which of the following can best describe plastic in our life according to Paragraph 1?A.Old-fashioned | B.Widely-used |
C.Harmful | D.Useless |
A.It hasn’t worked properly. |
B.It has been totally ignored. |
C.It hasn’t gained support from the public. |
D.It has encouraged the businesses to recycle. |
A.A ban on plastic production. |
B.A law punishing plastic littering. |
C.An alternative material replacing plastic. |
D.A new method of using without pollution. |
A.A magazine. | B.A guidebook. |
C.A novel. | D.A diary. |
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【推荐1】Laughter is a kind of universal body language that’s shared by people of all nationalities, skin colors, cultures and traditions. But did you know that the ability to tell genuine laughter apart from fake laughter also transcends (超越) cultures?
Greg Bryant, a professor of communication at the University of California, Los Angeles, US, published a study in Psychological Science in late July in which be found that people are able to identify real laughter through slight variations in sound.
In the study, 884 people from 21 countries were asked to listen to random recordings of laughter. Some of the recordings were made up of spontaneous (自然的) laughs, while others were made by people who were asked to laugh on command.
The study showed that people around the world have the ability to pick out real laughter, although their abilities vary from country to country. Residents of the Samoan Islands, an island chain in the central South Pacific, were particularly good at it, correctly identifying real laughter 56 percent of the time. According to Bryant, people from smaller, less industrialized nations “are more accurate in identifying a natural smile” because they rely heavily on emotional engagement (联系) in order to predict others’ behavior and create stronger social relationships.
But how do people from different cultures detect natural laughter so easily? And what traits does real laughter have? As Professor Jessica Wolf of the University of California, Los Angeles, told the Association for Psychological Science, in real laughter, our vocal chords (声带) “produce qualities such as higher pitch (音调) and volume (音量), as well as faster bursts of non-articulate (不清晰的) sounds and more non-tonal (无语调的) noise”
By contrast, fake laughter will “sound like speech”. According to Science Daily, fake laughter is controlled by the same brain system that controls the lips and tongue.
Bryant further explained that this system has an imitative (模仿的) capacity (能力), saying “with this speech system, you can make a lot of different noises, including crying, laughter or a shriek (尖叫) of pain. That’s where fake laughter comes from.”
So that’s something to think about the next time one of your friends laughs at something you said. Will you be able to tell if it’s real or fake?
1. What did Bryant discover about people’s ability to distinguish between real and fake laughter?A.People from different backgrounds laugh in different ways. |
B.It has greatly improved in recent years. |
C.People can identify natural laughter by small differences in the voice. |
D.Not all people are born with this ability. |
A.Samoans did best in picking out real laughter in the steady. |
B.People from developing countries are usually not good at detecting natural laughter. |
C.People across cultures have different abilities to identify real laughter. |
D.The better one’s social relationships, the more accurate one can identify real laughter. |
A.a lower pitch |
B.a higher volume |
C.clear, loud sounds |
D.slow bursts of toneless noise |
A.It is difficult to imitate. |
B.It sounds like high-pitched speech. |
C.It is produced by a speech system in the brain. |
D.It is often accompanied with different noises. |
【推荐2】Perhaps more than any other category of professionals, creative types are expected to thrive in brainstorms. In the public’s imagination, their offices are filled with fidget toys and Post-it notes in an array of colors, all meant to absorb some of the energy of a group of fast-thinking, well-dressed people deep in idea mode.
But a new report based on a survey of 20,000 creatives from 197 countries suggests that, in fact, a majority of these professionals—including writers, musicians, and photographers—find that brainstorming is largely unhelpful for solving a creative challenge.
The survey was conducted by the Dutch file-sharing (文件共享) company We Transfer. “In the creative world we hear an awful lot about cooperation, but it seems that while working together is essential to bring an idea to life, it’s not that good for shaping ideas in the first place,” notes Rob Alderson, WeTransfer’s former editor in chief.
In the instinct to schedule meetings, it appears that we often neglect to give participants a chance to prepare and form their thoughts. It’s a crucial step that was championed by Alex Osborn, the legendary advertising executive who popularized brainstorming. “Osborn repeatedly appreciated the virtues of being alone, of time spent far from the distractions of others, as part of his own creative process,” Lila MacLellan from Quartz has noted.
In polling creatives around the world, WeTransfer surfaced some fascinating geographic differences. For instance, when it comes to the biggest distractions to thinking about ideas, the French are more likely to blame their social life than their jobs, their partners, or social media. The Japanese, meanwhile, tend to point the finger at their partners.
Though the growing body of evidence suggests brainstorming may not result in the best ideas, it isn’t entirely useless. A Northern Illinois University study underlines its value as a team-building activity rather than a tactical (策略的) meeting. If nothing else, practicing tacit (心照不宣的) rules of brainstorming—positivity, openness, building on others’ ideas—promotes team spirit and trust.
1. What can we say about the finding of the survey?A.It contrasts with a popular belief. |
B.It confirms Rob Alderson’s assumption. |
C.It offers inspiration to many creative workers. |
D.It shows the effectiveness of brainstorming in solving problems. |
A.Moral virtues. | B.Learning from others. |
C.Individual thinking. | D.Preparing for meetings. |
A.Protect. | B.Accuse. | C.Agree. | D.Evaluate. |
A.Ambiguous. | B.Positive. | C.Objective. | D.Doubtful. |
【推荐3】A healthy amount of sunshine may be the secret to staying young. British scientists have discovered.
Vitamin D is produced naturally by the skin in response to sunlight and may help to slow the ageing process and protect against heart disease, according to the study.
Researchers from King’s College London studied 2,160 women aged between 18 and 79, looking at their telomeres—a biological marker of ageing found in DNA. As people get older, their telomeres get shorter and they become more susceptible to certain illnesses.
But the study found women with high levels of vitamin D had comparatively longer telomeres--- a sign of being biologically younger and healthier.
The study suggests vitamin D may help to slow down the ageing process of DNA, and therefore the ageing process as a whole.
Lead researcher Dr Brent Richards said, “These results are exciting because they show for the first time that people who have higher levels of vitamin D may age more slowly than people with lower levels of vitamin D.” This could help to explain how vitamin D has a protective effect on many ageing related diseases, such as heart disease and cancer.”
Professor Tim Spector, a co-author of the report, added, “Although it might sound absurd, it’s possible that the same sunshine which may increase our risk of skin cancer may also have a healthy effect on the general ageing process.”
Vitamin D made by the action of sunlight on the skin accounts for 90 percent of the body’s supply, but lower levels can also be got through food such as fish, eggs and breakfast cereals.
Other studies have suggested the vitamin plays a key role in protecting against cancer and heart disease.
1. A certain amount of sunshine helps people stay young because _____.A.people feel happy and energetic in the sun |
B.sunshine protects people against heart disease |
C.vitamin D makes one’s skin look young and healthy |
D.vitamin D may help to slow the ageing process |
A.sunlight causes skin cancer to people with high level of vitamin D |
B.the study generally has a healthy effect on the general ageing process |
C.vitamin D can only be got from fish, eggs and breakfast cereals |
D.the higher levels of vitamin D people have, the more slowly people may age |
A.Telomeres are important signs of ageing of the DNA. |
B.Sunlight can be dangerous as it causes skin cancer. |
C.Sunlight does a great deal of good to our health. |
D.Vitamin D can also be gained from food. |
A.Secret of Staying Young | B.Vitamin D Helps Slow Ageing |
C.Sunlight and Vitamin D | D.Sunlight and Health |
【推荐1】The coronavirus pandemic has brought with it the rise of a new kind of single use plastic in the form of personal protective equipment (PPE), like face masks and gloves. Experts warned that these sharply increasing single-use items could cause a new wave of plastic pollution and kill wildlife.
The charity Ocean Conservancy reported that volunteers had collected more than 100,000 PPE items from coasts and waterways during the last six months of 2020. They sent out a survey to more than 2020 International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) coordinators and volunteers asking about their experience with PPE. The results show that it is a real problem. Volunteers collected 107,219 pieces of PPE in 70 of 115 participating countries. Of those surveyed, 94% reported seeing PPE at a cleanup, and 40% found five items or more. Further, 37% found the items had already sunk into the water.
“During one of our clean-ups in the canals of Leiden, our volunteers found a latex glove with a dead fish trapped in the thumb,” said Auke-Florian Hiemstra, a study coauthor Iron Leiden University. “Also, in the Dutch canals, we observed that a water bird was using face masks and gloves in its nests.” Other animals that have gotten tangled up in face masks include a fox in the UK, a pufferfish in Florida, and two crabs in France. Numerous dogs and cats have been observed eating PPE as well.
The danger posed by PPE goes deeper than what the eye can see. Luckily, there are ways that all of us can be part of the solution to the problem of PPE pollution. Hiemstra recommended using reusable PPE instead of single-use products. In that case, we should deal with them properly by cutting the ear loops to prevent animal entanglements (缠绕物) and throwing them away in a bin that is not overstuffed. “We definitely think it is important for citizens to understand how much PPE is ending up in the environment and impacting animals,” Hiemstra said.
1. What problem is mentioned in paragraph 1?A.Single-use products tend to be used less widely. |
B.Anti-pandemic products bring about pollution. |
C.More and more patients are infected with coronavirus. |
D.Personal protective equipment is in remarkably short supply. |
A.To analyze the leading cause of ocean pollution. |
B.To state volunteers’ great efforts to protect the ocean. |
C.To highlight the large amount of PPE in the environment. |
D.To present difficulties of cleaning up plastic waste in the ocean. |
A.PPE pollution has become a threat to many animals. |
B.Litter makes it hard for boats to pass through the canals. |
C.PPE is appealing to dogs and cats on account of its smell. |
D.On no account will water birds be affected by plastic pollution. |
A.Hiking the price of PPE items. |
B.Cleaning the rubbish bin on a regular basis. |
C.Restricting the production of non-recyclable plastic. |
D.Replacing throw-away products with recyclable ones. |
【推荐2】The amount of plastic pollution in the oceans is rapidly increasing. This is problematic, as at least 700 species of sea animals may mistake it for a tasty snack. While we know that some species seem to eat plastic because it looks like jellyfish or some other food sources, less research has been carried out into what plastic smells like to marine animals.
But now, a study from the University of North Carolina has found that the coating of algae that naturally builds up on ocean plastics causes the rubbish to give off the scent of food.
The researchers took 15 loggerhead turtles, each around five months old, and placed them in a laboratory tank. They then piped in clean water, clean plastic, turtle food, and plastic that had been immersed in the marine environment for five weeks.
The turtles showed no reaction to the smell of clean water or clean plastic. But when they were exposed to the smell of ocean-soaked plastic or turtle food, they exhibited food-seeking behaviours like reaching their noses out of the water or showing increasing activities.
“This finding is the first demonstration that the smell of ocean plastics causes animals to eat them, ” said Dr Kenneth J. Lohmann, who took part in the study. “It’s common to find loggerhead turtles with their digestive systems fully or partially blocked because they’ve eaten plastic materials. There are also increasing reports of sea turtles that have become ill and stranded on the beach due to their ingestion (摄食) of plastic.”
According to the researchers, areas of the ocean with dense concentrations of plastic may trick turtles and other marine animals into thinking that there is an abundant food source. “Once these plastics are in the ocean, we don’t have a good way to remove them or prevent them from smelling like food,” said Lohmann.
1. Why is plastic pollution posing a threat to marine animals?A.It may eat up all jellyfish. |
B.It may mislead them as food. |
C.It may kill them with its smell. |
D.It may trap 700 species of sea animals. |
A.Sea water. | B.Clear water. |
C.Brand-new plastic. | D.Sea-soaked plastic. |
A.Turtles should be trained to be more intelligent. |
B.Plastics should be kept from getting into the ocean. |
C.An abundant food source should be offered to sea animals. |
D.Researchers should come up with a solution to the current problem. |
A.Ways Found to Remove Plastic |
B.Loggerhead Turtles Faced with Food Shortage |
C.Ocean Plastics Smell like Food to Turtles |
D.Plastic Pollution — Compromise or Control? |
【推荐3】What is ecofashion? Eco-fashion is about making clothes that take into account the environment, the health of consumers and the working conditions of people in the fashion industry.
There is some concern that eco-friendly fashions are just a trend that we will eventually grow tired of but in fact, more and more people are concerning about this and we can make sure that doesn’t happen.
A.Then, how to solve the problems? |
B.They relate directly to our personal health. |
C.Because choosing ecofashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping the health of the planet. |
D.In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of polluted water. |
E.The fashion industry has developed quickly. |
F.On the other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and reducing clothing consumption. |
G.A closer look at the fashion industry points out many problems. |
【推荐1】Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet, but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planet’ s history and climate.
Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months. It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASAin the United States.
Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels. It also has a robotic arm, cameras, and instruments that allow it to examine things it finds on the surface. Then it sends the information back to the earth.Curiosity' s main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars, either now or in the past. On Nov.2,NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosit y had found in its first two months onMars.
Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth. Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past.
Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water. Mars is very cold and dry now, but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found.
Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type of gas called methane (甲烷), but so fari t has not found any. On the earth, most methane is produced by plants or animals. Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there.
Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars. It will continue to explore the planet for about two years :
1. Which of the following descriptions about Curiosit y is TRUE?A.It landed on Mars in January 2012. |
B.It is small in size and has four arms. |
C.It took over eight months to arrive in Mars. V. S. |
D.It was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia. |
A.there’ s no air on Mars | B.Mars is warm and wet now |
C.the soil on Mars is rich | D.there used to be water on Mars |
A.smooth stones | B.rivers |
C.robotic vehicles | D.volcanoes |
A.some tiny animals once lived on Mars |
B.there are no plants or animals on Mars now |
C.the atmosphere around Mars is full of methane |
D.Curiosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth |
【推荐2】Both humans and animals possess the ability to cry out for help when endangered or threatened. Plants, as it turns out, can too.
“We found that plants usually emit (发出) sounds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type of stress is associated with a specific identifiable sound,” researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel wrote in their findings, published in the scientific journal Cell. “While undetectable to the human ear, the sounds emitted by plants can probably be heard by various animals, such as bats, mice, and insects.”
Stressors like dehydration (脱水) and damage to leaves gave rise to the plants’ high-pitched (尖声的) cries, which ranged from 20 to 250 kHz. The bigger the danger, the more frequent a plant’s signals. “Unstressed plants emitted less than one sound per hour, on average,” researcher Lilach Hadany said, “while the stressed plants — both dehydrated and injured — emitted dozens of sounds every hour.”
To catch these sounds, Hadany’s team surrounded tomato and tobacco plants with super-sensitive microphones. They then fed the data into an artificial intelligence program that could tell the difference between the species of plant and the types of sounds produced.
“Our findings suggest that the world around us is full of plant sounds, and that these sounds contain information,” Hadany wrote. She added that to translate that information, we just need the “right tools such as sensors that tell growers when plants need watering.” Doing so, researchers noted, may allow farmers to judge exactly when and where to water crops. Saving water, increasing harvests, and lowering stress for both plant and humankind.
1. What did researchers from Tel Aviv University in Israel find?A.Creatures tend to cry out for help when in danger. |
B.Plants can give off sounds when they are stressed. |
C.Plant sounds can be heard by both animals and humans. |
D.Plants make the same sound whatever type of stress they have. |
A.The influence of stress on plants. |
B.The urgency of relieving stress of plants. |
C.The possibility of plants emitting sounds. |
D.The importance of conducting the research. |
A.To help get rid of plant stress. |
B.To identify the types of stress. |
C.To collect sounds emitted by plants. |
D.To analyze the collected sounds of plants. |
A.The research is of practical value. |
B.It’s difficult to understand plant sounds. |
C.Further research is needed in the future. |
D.It’s as easy as pie for farmers to grow crops. |
【推荐3】Space elevators — yes, literal elevators that will carry us into orbit-may not be as far from reality as we think, says Stephen Cohen, a space engineer and physics professor. According to his ideas, such a wild concept could be realistic relatively soon.
So, what exactly is a space elevator? Well, humans are headed to Mars by 2040, if all goes well, and one of the largest issues is the transport. Getting people up to space is a difficult and expensive task. A much better way, some believe, could be to put a really, really long cable (电缆) from the Earth’s surface all the way to orbit, and pass a pod (分离舱) up and down the cable. It would save on fuel, reduce overall expenses, and be far less dangerous than rockets.
However, as you can imagine, though, space elevators do not come without significant questions. For example, how would the rope stay tight? How could we ensure that nothing comes along and destroys the cable, like terrible weather or space junk? How would you even build such a thing?
Stephen Cohen, a long-time space elevator enthusiast, believes he has all the answers: Basically, a satellite orbiting Earth drops a cable(a very, very long one) while using fuel to get away from the Earth further into space. In this way the cable remains tight as it is fastened to the ground.
Unfortunately, modern tech can’t solve this because the cable needs a specific strength of around 50 times that of steel. But according to Cohen, we’re likely around 10 years away from the material being made and we shall be walking on Mars even before 2040.
Most scientists remain unconvinced — space elevators have been spoken about for years and yet a lot of questions are to be answered. But, who knows, maybe the days of fastening ourselves to rockets could soon be over; we can only imagine the astronauts would welcome the day.
1. What advantage does the space elevator have over the traditional transport?A.Smaller noise. | B.Higher speed. | C.Less cost. | D.Better protection |
A.The operating steps of the space elevator. | B.The obvious benefits of the space elevator. |
C.The potential impacts of the space elevator. | D.The possible challenges of the space elevator. |
A.The high risks are difficult to predict accurately |
B.The dangerous tasks are hard to fulfil successfully. |
C.The required material is not technologically available. |
D.The fuel-burning satellite will lead to serious pollution. |
A.Doubtful. | B.Unconcerned. | C.Favorable. | D.Opposed. |
【推荐1】2 Killed in Knife Attack in French Town Under Lockdown
In what was described as a potential terrorist attack, a knife-wielding man killed two people and wounded five others on Saturday morning in a town in southern France with only a few shops open under a national lockdown to prevent the coronavirus pandemic (新冠肺炎).
The attacks took place about 11 a.m. local time outside a bakery and other shops. Witnesses said that the suspect yelled, “Allahu akbar!" as he lunged at his victims, according to France Bleu. The assailant (行凶者)randomly attacked bystanders on the street, first cutting the throat of a man in his 40s in front of his companion and his son, in the center of Romans-sur-Isere, just south of Lyon, according to the French authorities and news media.
He then attacked two workers and a customer inside a tobacco store before heading to a butcher’s shop. The suspect, a 33-year-old man of Sudanese origin, was arrested by the police as he was "found on his knees on the sidewalk while praying in Arabic," said the country’s antiterrorism prosecutor’s office, which is handling the investigation into the attack. At the man’s home, investigators found religious writings in which the author complained of living in a "country of infidels (没有信仰的)the prosecutors said in a statement.
The suspect—who the French news media said was an asylum-seeker (避难者)from Sudan—was not immediately identified by name. President Emmanuel Macron vowed that "light would be shed on this odious (可 憎的)act which casts a shadow on our country, which has already been severely tested in recent weeks. "
1. Where does the attacker come from?A.Iraq | B.Saudi Arabia | C.France | D.Sudan |
A.his son | B.his companion | C.his wife and his son | D.none |
A.The attack was in the street. |
B.The suspect was an infidel man. |
C.The suspect’s name wasn’t known to the French new media at first. |
D.President Emmanuel Macron eared much about the case and promised to make it clear. |
【推荐2】NASA scientists using virtual reality technology are redefining our understanding about how our galaxy (银河系) works.
Using customized, 3D virtual reality (vr) simulation (模拟) that animated the speed and direction of 4 million stars in the local Milky Way neighborhood, astronomer Marc Kuchner and researcher Susan Higashio obtained a new perspective on the stars’ motions, improving our understanding of star groupings.
Astronomers have come to different conclusions about the same groups of stars from studying them in six dimensions using paper graphs, Higashio said. Groups of stars moving together indicate to astronomers that they originated at the same time and place, which can help us understand how our galaxy evolved.
Goddard’s virtual reality team, managed by Thomas Grubb, animated those same stars, revolutionizing the classification process and making the groupings easier to see, Higashio said. They found stars that may have been classified into the wrong groups as well as star groups that could belong to larger groupings.
“Rather than look up one database and then another database, why not fly there and look at them all together,” Higashio said. She watched these simulations hundreds, maybe thousands of times, and said the associations between the groups of stars became more intuitive inside the artificial cosmos (宇宙) found within the VR headset. Observing stars in VR will redefine astronomer’s understanding of some individual stars as well as star groupings.
The 3D visualization helped her and Kuchner open a window into the past. “We often find groups of young stars moving together, suggesting that they all formed at the same time,” Kuchner said. “The thinking is they represent a star-formation event. They were all formed in the same place at the same time and so they move together.”
1. In which aspect can a 3D VR simulation help researchers?A.Getting a new idea of how stars are formed. |
B.Making a more accurate classification of stars. |
C.Drawing a clearer picture of a star’s inner structure. |
D.Having a better understanding of modern technology. |
A.Abstract. | B.Complex. | C.Vivid. | D.Close. |
A.Our future relies heavily on the 3D technology. |
B.The 3D technology is applied to many industries. |
C.NASA scientists use VR for scientific discoveries. |
D.Researchers have discovered new stars by using VR. |
A.A sci-fi story. | B.A travel guidebook. |
C.A research paper. | D.A science magazine. |
【推荐3】We tend to take holiday colors for granted, since they’re so deep-rooted in our culture. It’s usually pretty obvious what colors go with what holidays. But what might be less obvious is why certain colors are associated with certain holidays. For instance, as black and orange begin to take over department store corridor as decorations, we wonder how these colors became so popular for the holiday. Is it just because of black cats and pumpkins, or is there a deeper meaning to it?
Black
To learn how black became associated with Halloween, we'll have to explore the history of the holiday itself. Halloween can date back to a pagan celebration called Samhain, a ceremony that the ancient Celts celebrated in late October and early November. The purpose of the celebration was to welcome in the time of harvest, and with it, “the dark half of the year”.
But the true symbolic significance of black had to do with death, as did the holiday. The ancient Celts believed that during Samhain, the boundaries between the living and the dead were weakened. So the celebration would also include offerings to dead ancestors, and celebrants would wear deep black mourning dress.
Orange
Orange is a little self-explanatory. But it also has to do with the particular time of year. Again, Samhain was introducing the harvest time; people would have seen the trees turn orange after months of greenery. But the orange also has to do with another important component of the ancient Samhain celebrations: fire. The ancient Celts would light community fires while leaving the fires in their own fireplace to bum out. The fires could also be ceremonies to help defend against devils while the gateway between the living and the dead was weak. And those fires certainly would have been orange!
1. Why does the author raise the question in Paragraph 1?A.To give an example. | B.To prove the opinion. |
C.To present the topic. | D.To arouse readers’ interest. |
A.Mourning ancestors. | B.A welcome of the harvest. |
C.A celebration of Samhain. | D.The weakened boundaries. |
A.Orange trees brought harvest to people. |
B.The meaning of Orange is difficult to explain. |
C.People left the fire to bum out to keep warm. |
D.The color of fire was believed to drive away devils. |
A.Connections between Black and Orange. |
B.The most popular colors of Halloween. |
C.Certain colors are associated with certain holidays. |
D.The Ways for Ancient people to Celebrate Halloween. |