Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is faulty concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to transform growth into well-being throws some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather that just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria(标准)from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more comprehensive assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding(初见端倪的)economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn't the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different.
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GPD figures could avoid the heralded(预示的)disaster and may even see progress.
1. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________.A.the UK is reluctant to reshape its economic pattern |
B.GDP as the measure of success is widely opposed in the UK |
C.the UK will contribute less to the world economy |
D.policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP |
A.It is sponsored by 163 countries. | B.It excludes GDP as an indicator. |
C.Its criteria are questionable. | D.Its results are inspiring. |
A.the UK is preparing for an economic boom |
B.high GDP foreshadows an economic decline |
C.it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP |
D.it requires caution to handle economic issues |
A.High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK Lesson |
B.GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health |
C.Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP |
D.Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being |
相似题推荐
As online learning becomes more common and more resources are changed to digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and everyone should be given a tablet.
Supporters of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they can simply click on what they want to read wherever they are.
However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with tablets. Digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet vs. book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on tablets, remember 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read, compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause health problems, including blurred vision, dizziness, dry eyes and headaches, at much higher instances than reading print does. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.
It is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have a lot of benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to talk to their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs, answering questions, and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for kids and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Therefore, people see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered, which are benefits that tablets can’t offer as well or as easily.
While replacing libraries with tablets may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the many issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many library benefits that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.
1. Why do some people believe tablet reading can encourage more people to read? (不多于14个单词)2. What does the study in paragraph 3 show? (不多于12个单词)
3. According to paragraph 4, what are the advantages of public libraries over tablets? (不多于15个单词)
4. Do you think public libraries will be replaced by tablets? Why or why not?(单词数不限)
【推荐2】The Internet has become part of teenager’s life. There’s a report on 3375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38 percent of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.
In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. It gives useful advice such as it’s good to read news or find helpful information to study. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend online, let your parents know.
Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens to use the Internet and keep students away from the bad sites.
1. The underlined word “it” means______.A.the book | B.report |
C.the Internet | D.useful information |
A.3375 | B.1280 |
C.2100 | D.3000 |
A.To make online friends |
B.To play online games |
C.To get useful information to help in their studies. |
D.To visit Web sites they should not look at. |
A.Because it helps with the students studies. |
B.Because it gives useful information for studying. |
C.Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools. |
D.Because it deals with how to behave well on the internet. |
【推荐3】In battling the timber poachers who enter the thick Sierra Madre forests near his home, Larry Garaes has found a new support: solar panels.
With solar chargers, the radios he and other forest rangers (护林人) rely on no longer run out of power on multi-day operations in the mountains.
“Communication between rangers is a lot better. Now, we can catch the poachers while they are in the act because we can coordinate (使协调) our moves quietly without turning to shout at the next ranger — unlike before,” Garaes said.
Access to clean energy is bringing a range of unexpected benefits around the world. On the longest mountain range in the Philippines, those benefits include better forest protection — and power for tribal people who once lacked it.
More than 2 million households — or about 10 percent of all households — in the Philippines lack electricity, according to a 2017 report by the country’s Department of Energy.About three quarters are in remote rural locations, in a country spread over thousands of islands, according to the Small Power Utilities Group (SPUG), which is trying to get them connected.Because bringing the national grid (网格) power to many of those people is not cost effective, the state National Power Corporation has charged SPUG with setting up and running small power plants in these areas. So far 327 such plants have been established. Government plans to call for 100 percent electrification of the country by 2022.
“Government has to do its work to connect all those areas that are not yet connected to the grid,” said Edmundo Veloso Jr. “But all but one of the new generation plants use diesel fuel, he said — even though transport of fuel can be a big problem in remote areas. Diesel is the fastest and the only technology available at the moment for off-grid areas. Diesel is still the cheapest in terms of capital outlay (开支).”
1. What do Garaes’ words suggest?A.Fewer poachers come there. |
B.They used to move loudly. |
C.Their conditions improved. |
D.They were tired of shouting. |
A.People are unwilling to use clean energy. |
B.Using clean energy benefits people there. |
C.Forest protection turns out to be serious. |
D.People in the area require more attention. |
A.The serious shortage of electricity. |
B.The poor conditions in rural areas. |
C.The improvement of power supply. |
D.The popularity of power plants. |
A.Lacking funds. | B.Shipping fuel. |
C.Technology. | D.Shortage of attention. |
【推荐1】Four New Inventions We Should Be Proud of
Recent media reports have highlighted the “four new great inventions” of modern China-high-speed railway, Alipay, shared bicycles and online shopping. The four new inventions are technological breakthroughs that will help China move toward overall prosperity.
High-speed railway
This invention plays an important role in China’s modern development. Featuring high speed, huge passenger carrying capacity, low pollution and high safety, it consumes limited energy and resources and has greatly improved the transportation efficiency of the country. China is not only developing a high-speed railway network within the country; it is also building high-speed railways overseas to improve infrastructure (基础设施) in other countries and regions.
Alipay
Alipay, the other new invention, has to a large extent solved the trust problem of online trade with modern technologies, by introducing real-name registration, digital certificates and dynamic (动态的) password based on smartphones.
Alipay is freeing people of the burden of carrying cash. All people need to have is a smartphone, which enables them to pay for almost everything. That saves business cost for the whole society and promotes sales. And Chinese consumers are proud of it.
Shared bicycles
The business of shared bicycles is also based on mobile network, third-party payment and big data technologies. Before shared bikes were introduced, urban residents had almost given up on bicycles. But shared bikes have made people realize the benefits of eco-friendly transportation.
Bike sharing has also helped ease traffic jams in cities, by encouraging more people to use bicycles, instead of cars, for short-distance travel.
Online shopping
Thanks to online shopping, people can now buy anything from anywhere in the world. Moreover, it has helped develop logistical (物流) technology to meet the needs of transporting large quantities of goods across long distances in a short time.
True, online shopping poses a challenge to physical stores, but it has also made them improve their services and cut their costs. And the result could be an overall improvement in business.
1. How can Alipay benefit people?A.Its real name registration can make sales more convenient. |
B.People don’t need to carry a lot of cash with them. |
C.All things can be bought by using Alipay. |
D.It can increase business cost for the shops. |
A.People can use shared bicycles without causing much pollution. |
B.It’s convenient to use shared bicycles for short-distance travel. |
C.Shared bicycles enable people to do much physical exercise. |
D.There will be fewer traffic jams in cities. |
A.People can receive the goods they’ve bought in three days. |
B.Many physical shops will also improve their service quality. |
C.Most goods can be bought at very low prices. |
D.There will be more kinds of goods for people to choose from. |
【推荐2】As we face climate change, a new digital tool helps expand carbon-free energy without damaging the wildlife habitats. In Maine, the Renewable Energy Siting Tool is a newly released map that allows the clean energy developers to identify the sites for solar and wind projects while avoiding those with sensitive wildlife habitats. Sarah Haggerty, the lead developer, notes that the tool came into being thanks to the data provided by Maine’s Depar-ment of Environmental Protection, state biologists, clean energy developers, as well as financial support from the bank.
Based on data on land-use, habitats, energy resources, etc., the tool uses a traffic-light model to identify sites suitable for development and sites to avoid. Fields like landfills are shown in green, wetland areas or rare species habitats are shown in red, while yellow shown areas indicate that closer examination of project impacts is necessary.
The tool was developed after Maine passed a law requiring that 80% of Maine’s electricity come from renewable resources by 2030. Haggerty says, “We are in urgent need of this tool to help us fight climate change in a way that reduces impact on our valuable natural resources.” Maine is the most forested state in the nation, and agriculture, natural resources, and nature tourism play important roles in its economy. Yet the state is among the top five in losing its farmland to development. It makes little sense to develop clean energy projects at the expense of farmland.
When developers announce a clean energy project, they often face disagreement from community members who are concerned about the loss of valuable farmland or the impact on wildlife. This can discourage investors and slow the transition to renewable energy. Luckily, this tool can help developers speed up the development of clean energy by quickly identifying suitable land. Clean energy development needn’t come at the expense of wildlife.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A.How the new tool works. | B.How the new tool is adjusted. |
C.How the new tool is developed. | D.How the new tool collects data. |
A.To protect Maine’s renewable resources. | B.To apply clean energy to wildlife habitats. |
C.To improve the effective use of clean energy. | D.To balance clean energy and wildlife habitats. |
A.Skeptical. | B.Tolerant. |
C.Conservative. | D.Positive. |
A.A news review. | B.A science magazine. |
C.A travel brochure. | D.A geography textbook. |
【推荐3】With a love and fascination for traditional culture, many young Chinese have begun to use their creativity to innovate (创新) using elements from China’s intangible cultural heritage.
Papercutting, the traditional Chinese art of paper design, has been adopted in many creative arts, including food and clothing. On the Chinese lifestyle-focused social media platform Xiaohongshu, a video of cookies featuring a paper-cut styled dragon pattern received over 2.6 million views and 130,000 likes. Liu Shan, a stay-at-home mother who loves Chinese papercutting, is the baker behind the cookies. Liu started designing her dragon pattern last November and spent five days making the cookies before the Spring Festival. She said she would complete all the 12 signs of the Chinese zodiac (生肖) since they are so well-received.
Young craftswoman Chen Lingling created a cloak featuring Chinese paper-cut patterns. As an intangible cultural heritage enthusiast, Chen has made a variety of different clothing and headwear, with the aim of making cultural heritage part of young people’s daily lives. She chose auspicious patterns like phoenix and golden fish to deliver her Spring Festival greetings. People believe these patterns will bring good luck. Her video featuring the cloak has received around 750,000 views and earned her fans from both China and abroad, encouraging her to continue her interest in intangible cultural heritage.
According to the new report published by Xiaohongshu, users of the platform uploaded nearly one million posts with the topic “recreation” between February 9, the Chinese New Year’s Eve, and February 16. Analysts say these recreations demonstrate (表现) young people’s creativity and enthusiasm for life, and the innovations that use elements of intangible cultural heritage reflect their growing cultural confidence.
1. What can we learn about Liu Shan from the passage?A.She got inspiration from her friends. |
B.She began her innovating practices to achieve fame. |
C.She has been motivated to continue her creation. |
D.She has completed all the Chinese zodiac cookies. |
A.Fortunate. | B.Unusual. | C.Simple. | D.Complex. |
A.Users of Xiaohongshu are addicted to uploading posts. |
B.Xiaohongshu enjoys great popularity home and abroad. |
C.Young Chinese are showing their creativity on social platforms. |
D.Young Chinese are increasingly confident about their own culture. |
A.Craftsmanship Never Dies | B.Innovations Through Traditions |
C.Creative Young Chinese | D.Papercutting Combined with Food |
【推荐1】China-chic is a term that describes the trend of China-centric design. It demonstrates the rise of Chinese brands. Before we discuss whether or not the term is accurate, and reasons thereof, it is important to first figure out who are the main consumers of these Chinese brands.
Generation Z, the young consumers born between the mid-1990s and the early 2010s, have been raised on the Internet and social media. They are gradually moving toward maturity. They have naturally become the main force that drives China’s consumer market.
Most young people earn their own incomes. Even if they don’t, their parents and family members will support them financially. So their purchasing power is stronger than prior generations of youth.
Besides, today’s young people have had access to various domestic and foreign brands since they were born. For them, global brands such as KFC. McDonald’s, L’Oreal and Nike are just everyday consumer goods. Unlike the previous generations in China, they do not look up to global brands with admiration.
As members of Generation Z are taking the center stage in the consumer market, full of confidence, personalities and awareness of investing in themselves, they almost determine its present and the future. This factor plays a key role in the global economy. That is to say, whichever brand, domestic or global, that pays attention to Generation Z first and satisfies the group’s needs will get a head start.
It is the Chinese companies more than others that truly respect the uniqueness of Generation Z’s demands. A typical example is Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning. Although the domestic sportswear market is still dominated by global brands like Nike and Adidas, Li-Ning has succeeded in using “China-chic” as a way to show self-confidence of the Chinese young people. By wearing Li-Ning’s products, a consumer is telling others: “I’m different from you. I have my own personality traits.”
Inspired by Li-Ning, other Chinese brands including Anta and Feiyue also launched products to satisfy the demands of the new generation of consumers.
1. In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to ______.A.introduce the topic | B.present an argument |
C.reach a conclusion | D.propose a definition |
A.Generation Z make money all by themselves. |
B.Generation Z have more buying power than their parents. |
C.Generation Z treat brands at home and abroad equally. |
D.Generation Z consume global brands every day. |
A.dominate Chinese sportswear market | B.meet the needs of Generation Z |
C.learn from Generation Z | D.determine their own future |
A.It’s a typical Chinese company. |
B.It is confident of success. |
C.Chinese brands are starting to respect the unusual needs of Generation Z’s. |
D.Chinese brands have ruled the domestic sportswear market. |
A.Why do Chinese brands impress Generation Z? | B.The uniqueness of Generation Z. |
C.The choice of Generation Z. | D.Sportswear brands and their future. |
【推荐2】For want of a chip, the factory was lost. On May 18th Toyota became the latest carmaker forced to cut production in a global shortage of microchips, announcing it would stop work at two of its plants in Japan. Other car makers have also had to send workers home.
The pain is not limited to the car industry, for the shortage spans all sorts of chips, from the expensive, high-tech devices that power smartphones and data-centers to the simple sensors and micro-controllers that have become a vital commodity (商品). This chip drought is the result of the covid-19 pandemic interacting with an industry that is subject to cycles of boom and bust.
“The most important thing”, says Malcolm Penn, who runs a chip-industry consultancy, “is that shortages are a natural part of the industry.” Chipmaking is a good example of a “pork-cycle” business, named for the regular swings between under- and over-supply in pork markets. As with pigs, the supply of chips cannot quickly react to changes in demand. Capacity was tight even before the pandemic, says Mr Penn, pointing out that investment by chipmakers in factory equipment has been below its long-term average for many years.
The pandemic arrived at the worst possible time. After an early crash, demand in several fields boomed. Locked-down consumers bought laptops and other devices. Cloud-computing operators added servers to deal with the wave of home-workers. The car industry was particularly badly hit by a decision to cut orders early in the pandemic-demand for cars has since recovered. But the complexities of the production process mean it takes time to recover. “I can cancel my orders in an afternoon,” says Mr. Penn. “If I want to start them up again, that takes months--and that capacity is now busy serving other customers.”
But the pork cycle is turning once again. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, the world’s biggest chipmaker, plans to spend $30bn on new capacity this year. Two other giants, have also decided on further investment. That will bring relief to the wider economy, but not immediately. The boss of IBM said he thought the shortages might last for two years. And, says Mr Penn, when the drought eventually ends, chipmakers may find they face a familiar problem on a bigger scale: a capacity investment in response to serious shortages today could well mean a sizeable surplus (过剩) tomorrow.
1. How does the author illustrate the cyclical nature of chipmaking in paragraph 3?A.By referring to a quotation. | B.By making a comparison. |
C.By drawing a conclusion. | D.By presenting an argument. |
A.Improved supply chain stability. | B.Timely assistance to the business. |
C.Economic growth in related sectors. | D.Possible future oversupply of chips. |
A.Production capacity would recover soon. |
B.A combination of reasons led to chip shortage. |
C.An investment of S30bn was enough for the problem. |
D.Toyota was the first carmaker to suspend production. |
A.Loading, please wait | B.Dying, please act |
C.Calling, please respond | D.Over-supplying, please stop |
【推荐3】Has Iceland had its last whaling season?
Iceland’s last whaler has no plans to stop. But as global demand slows for whale meat, his business may be over anyway.
Iceland is a member of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) but goes against the 88-nation body’s ban on commercial whaling, in force since 1986. In 2006, the country began setting quotas(配额) for whale hunts in its waters. This year, after a four-year suspension caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Hvalur’s hunt restarted, from June through September. Iceland’s current quota of 161 fin whales(长须鲸) applies to the western region covered by the company’s license, which will be out of date at the end of 2023.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature, which last assessed fin whales in 2018, lists them in danger, largely because of their decrease by commercial whaling during the 20th century. Fin whales are speedy swimmers, and with the appearance of steam-powered ships and explosive harpoons, they became easier to catch. Since the 1970s, however, hunting restrictions have allowed these whales to rebound. The most recent estimate, in 2007, of fin whale numbers in the Iceland region was about 30,000.
In February, Svandís Svavarsdóttir, Iceland’s Minister of Food, Agriculture, and Fisheries, told local news outlets that “there is little to justify allowing whaling” because of the controversial nature of the industry and the low demand these days for whale meat.
The percentage of Icelanders who oppose fin whaling has more than doubled since 2013, while the percentage of supporters ‘has fallen more than 20 percent, according to the International Fund for Animal Welfare. Only 2 percent of Icelanders say they eat whale meat regularly, and 84 percent had never tried it, a 2018 Gallup poll found.
“Continued whaling is a fool’s game, really, on the cost of the planet, biodiversity, the climate,” says Astrid Fuchs, policy manager at Whale and Dolphin Conservation, a nonprofit dedicated to marine conservation and welfare.
1. The Iceland’s whaling industry stopped for a while because.A.global demand for whale meat is declining. |
B.International Whaling Commission (IWC) forbids Iceland to carry on. |
C.the pandemic has influenced it for years. |
D.the whaling company’s license will be invalid. |
A.There are restrictions on fin whales hunting. |
B.Steam-powered ships and explosive harpoons appeared. |
C.Humans killed the fin whales severely in the last century. |
D.Some Icelanders eat whale meat regularly. |
A.Hvalur’s license will not be out of date until 2023. |
B.With the help of hunting restrictions, the number of fin whales has increased. |
C.Svandís Svavarsdóttir is in favor of whaling. |
D.The percentage of Icelanders who support fin whaling is 20 percent. |
A.Hunting and Conservation of Whales Worldwide. |
B.Favorable: opposition to The Whaling Industry. |
C.Endangered Fin Whales by Iceland’s Whaling. |
D.Definite: The Last Season of Iceland’s Whaling. |