Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils. The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect — but to have no tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards. There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in examinations or in any controls in schools or on teachers. This would mean that everything would depend on luck since every pupil would depend on the efficiency, the values and the purpose of each teacher.
Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them--- a form of favoritism will replace equality. At the moment, the bright child from ill-respected school can show certificates to prove he or she is suitable for the job, while the lack of certificate indicates the unsuitability of a dull child attending a well-respected school. This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if examinations were taken away, and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s reputation, unable to compete with the child from the favored school.
The opponents of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils. According to these people, there must be no special, different, academic class. They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area: all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection. The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer.
1. The underlined word “favoritism” in paragraph three is used to describe the phenomenon that _______.
A.bright children also need certificate to get satisfying jobs. |
B.children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs. |
C.poor children with certificates are favored in job markets. |
D.children attending ordinary schools achieve great success. |
A.Schools for bright children would lose their reputation. |
B.There would be more opportunities and excellence. |
C.Children from poor families would be able to change their schools. |
D.Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation. |
A.jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection. |
B.computers should be selected to take over many jobs. |
C.special classes are necessary to keep the school standards. |
D.schools that win academic subjects should be done away with. |
A.schools and certificates. | B.examination and equality. |
C.opportunity and employment. | D.standards and reputation. |
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Americans have an unspoken rule about tipping: they give tips to almost everyone who offers them a service of some kind. Americans tip their waiters, barbers and taxi drivers. An appropriate tip is between 15 and 20 percent of the amount charged for the service (But the charge for the tip doesn’t appear on the bill. The customer is expected to add it himself/herself.) Tipping less than this sends a message to your waiters that you think they’ve done a bad job serving you. And to leave no tip at all is simply unacceptable.
It’s not that American waiters are greedy. In many countries, waiters are paid a salary for their work. They’ll earn money even if no one comes into the restaurant. This system offers much more safety for waiters than the American version. In the US, waiters know that a night without customers means a night without pay.
Some countries include a tip for waiters – a “service charge” – on the bill itself. Since the tip is included with the other charges, waiters don’t need to worry about people forgetting to tip. But in the US, waiters do not receive a salary, and service charges only appear on bills when there are six or more customers at the table.
Since almost all American customers are familiar with the system, they know to add a tip without being told. But visitors to the US may expect waiters to be paid a salary, or think that the tip is included on the bill.
So much as we waiters loved hearing stories about other places from our foreign customers, we were always nervous when they got ready to leave the restaurant. We were never sure what to expect.
1. If you order $200 worth of food, which of the following is a proper total payment?
A.$200 | B.$215 | C.$220 | D.$230 |
A.because they are unfamiliar with the American tip system . |
B.because they are too mean to give tips to any waiter. |
C.because they have difficulty communicating with waiters. |
D.because they are not really easy to become satisfied. |
A.The service charge never appear on the bill in the USA. |
B.Customers are usually expected to tip waiters in the USA. |
C.Dining out in other countries is much more expensive than in the USA. |
D.Waiters in other countries earn much more money than those in the USA. |
A.To complain about the difficult life of American waiters. |
B.To warn other waiters not to serve any foreign customer. |
C.To call on foreign customers to leave tips for American waiters. |
D.To tell us something about American waiters’ salary system. |
【推荐2】If you’re a fan of fast fashion, your choices may be narrowing in the near future.
At the end of 2020, fast-fashion giant H&M said it would close 350 stores worldwide. Recently, Spanish fashion giant Inditex announced that it would close all its Bershka, Pull & Bear and Stradivarius stores in China. It all indicates that fast fashion is slowing down, noted the website Fast Company.
A major reason is the shift in the mindset (心态) of consumers. Millennials, those who were born in the 1980s or 1990s, are now the largest consumer group. Unlike their predecessors (前人), millennials are more financially stable,and thus low-priced fast fashion is not their priority. According to The South China Morning Post, more people are starting to care about quality and the stories behind a product.
Another factor is the growing concern over the fashion industry’s effect on the environment. As The New York Times noted, the fashion industry is one of the largest polluters of clean water and three-fifths of clothes produced in a year end up in landfill (垃圾场). As there is more awareness of the climate crisis, younger people are pursuing more eco-friendly choices.
Molly, 22, is one of them. Before she went to college, she used to frequent fast-fashion shops like Forever 21 and H&M. But after taking a class that focused Fast fashion slows down on the environmental impact of clothing production, her preference changed. Now, she tries to shop in a way that is both sustainable (可持续的) and affordable: She shops second-hand. “My friend showed me how easy it was to be thrifty (节约的) and I developed a new personal style that focused less on trends but on basics that don’t go out of style.” she told MTV News.
In order to survive in the competitive market, many fast-fashion brands are making changes as well. For example, Inditex said that the company plans for all of its clothes to be sustainable by 2025.
“Sustainability is a never-ending task in which everyone here is involved.” said Pablo Isla, CEO of Inditex.
1. Why is fast fashion unpopular among millennials?A.Millennials follow former generations’ style. |
B.Millennials prefer cheaper clothes. |
C.Millennials attach more importance to quality. |
D.Millennials like brands with a long history. |
A.Unsold clothes are a threat to the environment. |
B.Low-quality fashion products don’t last long. |
C.Climate change should be blamed on the fashion industry. |
D.More people prefer eco-friendly fashion products. |
A.She likes thrifty brands. |
B.She buys used clothes. |
C.She prefers trendy clothes. |
D.She buys only necessary clothes. |
A.how competition is becoming more fierce in the fashion industry |
B.how sustainability has become the top priority for most fashion brands |
C.how the fast-fashion industry is suffering a big loss |
D.how a major company can change their products to fit the market |
A.Promising. | B.Hopeless. | C.Unclear. | D.Unpredictable. |
【推荐3】In the pre-COVID-19 era, children’s personalised books used to be a niche market (小众市 场). Far from their early version that merely had the child’s name stuck on the book cover today’s personalised books feature entire families — including pets. Instead of meeting unknowr characters and new story worlds, the readers meet themselves. With the persuasive power of personalisation, publishers find their way into children’s inner worlds quicker than with non- personalised books
Well-designed personalised books can enhance children’s vocabulary learning. However, it’s also been found that in their talk about the story of a personalised book, they talk about “me, me, me”. Part of this self-centredness is natural at a young age, but part of it is caused by the personalised character of the book. In a recent study, personalised books, as opposed to thei non-personalised versions, do not help children understand the moral of a story or apply it to thei own lives
In most popular personalised books, children are pictured as the heroes and stars of their own stories. What is certain is that in addition to personalised hero books, we need personalised books where the child is a minor character or a character who experiences depression. The problem is that such books are unlikely to be popular and are therefore unlikely to be written. We are thus heading towards a situation where children see themselves in a positive light in their own personalised books and where they see others as failures in non-personalised books. It introduces children to a culture of“me vs you” where shared humanity is replaced by a false narrative of “I am the best!”
The most powerful children’s books are those that hit the sweet spot of personalisation and diversity. Such books teach children out-group empathy (同感) that occurs with story characters whose,experiences are different from their own. Authors can convey such out-group empathy by constructing strong plots that immerse (使沉浸) children in the story, but also challenge them to think beyond their comfort zone. The current personalised books take us from this ideal. They represent an economic interest in individualisation, and might ill prepare young minds for an uncertain future.
1. What makes current children’s personalised books different from their earlier versions?A.Children can see their own name on the cover. |
B.More family members are included in the books. |
C.More new story worlds are introduced to children. |
D.Publishers give up supplying them to the niche market. |
A.They tend to focus on themselves. |
B.They relate it to their own lives. |
C.They can understand its morals better. |
D.They tend to use new words they’ve learnt. |
A.They fail to show common humanity. |
B.They are characterised by happy endings. |
C.They make children give in to defeat easily. |
D.They fail to impress children with depression. |
A.The reasons for reading personalised books. |
B.The reasons for standardising the publishing market. |
C.The necessity of raising the quality of children’s books. |
D.The necessity of developing empathy among young readers. |
【推荐1】When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis.
Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student.
Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities.
Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends?
A.Lack of sleep can cause great stress. |
B.The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it. |
C.Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue. |
D.Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict. |
E.Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively. |
F.Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits. |
G.Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems. |
【推荐2】Some time ago, in my class I was about to fail a student for his answer to a physics question when the student claimed he deserved a better score. The examination question sounded “safe”, “Show how it is possible to determine the height of a tall building with the aid of a barometer (气压表).” The student had answered, “Take the barometer to the top of the building, attach a long rope to it, lower the barometer to the street, and then bring it up, measuring the length of the rope. The length of the rope is the height of the building.”
I argued that a high grade should prove his competence in physics, but the answer did not confirm this. I suggested that the student have another try. Immediately, he worked out his answer: A second best way is to take the barometer to the top of the building. Drop the barometer, timing its fall with a stopwatch. Then, using the formula to calculate the height of the building.
I was shocked by his answer. His method gave me not only a broken barometer but a Uturn in my teaching philosophy. I gave him full marks.
On his leaving my office, I recalled that he suggested there could be a better answer. So I asked him what it was. “Oh, yes,” said the student. “There are many ways. Probably the best,” he said, “is to take the barometer to the basement and ask the superintendent (大楼的管理人). You speak to him as follows, ‘Mr. Superintendent, here I have a fine barometer. If you tell me the height of this building, I will give it to you.’”
At this point, I asked the student if he really did not know the conventional (常规的) answer to this question. He admitted that he did, but said that he was fed up with high school instructors’ trying to teach him how to think, and how to use the socalled “scientific method”. He just wanted to solve the problem in a practical manner, not just answer the question in an expected way. Hearing this, I really had nothing to do but give the boy a firm handshake, feeling thankful that I hadn’t failed him in the first place and even more thankful that neither had he.
1. Why did the author want to fail the student in the first place?A.The student challenged his authority. |
B.The student’s answer was not practical. |
C.The student didn’t show his academic ability. |
D.The student had a poor performance in physics class. |
A.![]() | B.![]() |
C.![]() | D.![]() |
A.Without love, there is no education. |
B.A man becomes learned by asking questions. |
C.Teaching is to make two ideas grow where only one grew before. |
D.You can lead your horse to the river, but you can’t make it drink. |
A.Lack of physicsrelated knowledge. |
B.Ignorance of the teacher’s expectation. |
C.Intention to deeply impress his teacher. |
D.Disapproval of existing teaching concepts. |
【推荐3】What time does your school start? Do you wish you could get up later every morning? You are not alone if your answer is “Yes.” In the US, many middle school students have the same wish.
In America, many schools start before 7:30 a.m.. But that may change soon. A new law has been passed in California. According to the law, middle schools should not start before 8:00 a.m.. The government hopes school children will have longer time in bed.
Many scientific studies show that teenagers are more active in the afternoon and in the evening. Simply telling them to go to bed earlier doesn’t work well. Most of them don’t get enough sleep because of bad sleeping habits and early school starting time. They need more sleep in the morning. Scientists suggest middle schools should start at 8:00 a.m. or later. Students can get well ready to learn and they won’t fall asleep in class. ________________ The change can help improve students’ grades.
While scientists are happy with the new law, many parents disagree with it. They won’t be able to send their children to school before they go to work. They also fear that later school starting time will lead to later ending time. As a result, their children will have less time to take part in after-school activities.
It’s good news that Chinese education experts have noticed the problem and made some rules about that. So what’s your opinion? Do you expect China to pass a similar law?
1. The schools shouldn’t start ________ according to the new law in California.
A.before 7:30 a.m. | B.after 7:30 a.m. |
C.after 8:00 a.m. | D.before 8:00 a.m. |
A.Because their parents need them to do housework. |
B.Because their sleeping habits are bad and schools start early. |
C.Because they play computer games till late. |
D.Because they have too much homework. |
A.They can put on weight. | B.They will like their teachers. |
C.They will join more clubs. | D.They will pay more attention to classes. |
A.students should have enough sleeping time in the writer’s opinion |
B.students in California will have less sleeping time |
C.Chinese experts aren’t worried about students’ sleeping time |
D.China has already passed a similar law |