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题型:阅读理解-阅读单选 难度:0.65 引用次数:75 题号:14545396

Sharks are often regarded as cruel animals, the lone wolves hiding in the deep, hunting for animals. But that is increasingly out of step with what scientists are learning about the animals. Instead, they say, some species of sharks are social creatures.

They form these social groups where they hang out with the same individuals over multiple years," says Yannis Papastamatiou from Florida International University.

Papastamatiou s team studied gray reef sharks(灰礁鲨) populating the waters off Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific Ocean. They attached small location transmitters(位置信号传送器) to 41 sharks, which allowed them to track the animals' movements. Also, two sharks were equipped with small video cameras9 which could record a shark's-eye view of their daily lives.

After tracking the sharks for four years, the researchers found that the same groupings of sharks—ranging from a couple up to as many as 20—frequently returned to the same parts of the reef over and over again. They also found that some of the groups stuck together during the study period.

"The sharks might be inspired to stay together because it makes hunting for food easier," Papastamatiou says. "If we hang out together and I see something, then you can come and try and take advantage of that. And alternatively, if you see something, then I can try and take advantage of that."

He points out that the sharks don't cooperatively hunt, but says that as long as the group isn't too large——which would raise competition and conflict—socializing appears to benefit the sharks.

David Shiffman, who studies shark protection, says he was surprised to learn that the sharks stuck together for so long. "Sharks are smart creatures," Shiffman says. "In addition to knowing where to find food by watching others, some species of sharks can also learn to solve simple puzzles, just by watching other sharks solve them."

1. What is a misunderstanding about sharks?
A.They normally hunt alone.B.They stay away from reefs.
C.They go hunting in groups.D.They are powerful animals.
2. What did the researchers do for their study?
A.They equipped 41 sharks with cameras.
B.They created artificial reefs for sharks.
C.They dived into the sea to watch sharks.
D.They employed positioning technology.
3. How do sharks benefit from their social groups according to David Shiffman?
A.By sharing food with each other.
B.By cooperating to solve problems.
C.By following group members' examples.
D.By growing stronger through competition.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.Sharks Are Very Lonely Animals
B.Feel Afraid of Sharks? Calm Down
C.Everyone Needs Friends—Even Sharks
D.A Large or Small Group: Which Is Better?
【知识点】 动物 说明文

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【推荐1】While out hunting for ducks near Perry Lake, Kansas, Jake Atkins and his friend accidentally got trapped in sinking mud, which they unknowingly walked right into.

"We were walking pretty much side-by-side, and we both sank to knee depth in the mud and we tried to wiggle(扭动)ourselves out and it ended up being waist deep," Atkins said. They realized that if they struggled any more, they would only sink further, so Atkins called 911 and they tried to stay as still as possible until help arrived.

Atkins' dog, Otis, waited nearby but jumped to action when firefighters failed to save his owner. "If they'd walked out, they would've sunk too. So there was no way for them to get rope to us. So when those firefighters popped out of the bushes, I said just tie the rope onto Otis," Atkins said.

Otis bravely walked out onto the sinking mud three times to rescue the gear, Atkins friend, and finally Atkins. By the final trip, Otis was crying from exhaustion(精疲力竭)but refused to rest until Atkins was safe. " He followed me as they were pulling me. He kind of just was walking right beside me as they were pulling me in on my back. It was kind of funny," Atkins said.

Watch the entire video below to see what this dog did to save his owner from sinking mud.

Can you believe the fire department couldn't even save the two hunters? Let us know what you think in the comments below.

1. How did the two hunters get trapped?
A.By chance while hunting.B.On purpose while training a dog.
C.They were pulled in by ducks.D.Otis set the trap for them.
2. Why did the hunters try to stay as still as possible before help arrived?
A.To wait for Otis to save them.
B.To wait for the ducks and shoot them.
C.To avoid sinking deeper into the mud.
D.To be able to call 911.
3. What can we know from the text?
A.The fire department failed to save the hunters finally.
B.Otis saved the two hunters in one go.
C.Otis pulled the two hunters out.
D.The dog played the key role in the rescue.
4. Where does the passage probably come from?
A.A book about dogs.B.A website.
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【推荐2】An elderly couple in the UK claimed that they were held hostage by a pair of seagulls nesting on the roof of their home. Every time they tried to leave, the birds would become aggressive and attack them.

One time, when Roy Pickard, the 71-year-old husband, decided to take his chances and go outside, he was hit so hard on the back of the head that he had to be taken to the hospital for help. Local authorities have installed a gazebo outside the couple’s home, which should offer some protection. That’s the best they can do for now.

“The whole thing has been terrible,” Roy old reporters. “I’ve not been able to go out of the front door. If I try to get out of the door, the two adult birds are right there, and I’ve got no chance. It’s really frightening. My wife isn’t well at the moment, so we’re relying on me to get out.” Luckily, the Pickards’ garage is connected to their house and he can get out through there when he needs to do some shopping, but he doesn’t dare get out of the car to close the garage door, so he always leaves it open until he comes back.

Roy has complained about the situation to both the local authorities and animal organizations like the RSPCA and RSPB, but their solutions have not been very helpful. The Wyer Council says that seagulls are protected while nesting, so all they can do is try to make the couple’s life bearable by installing a gazebo and making arrangements so that the 77-year-old wife, Brenda, can reach her private appointments safely. Unfortunately, animal organizations wouldn’t help the Pickards either. For now, all they can do is wait for the chicks to fly away. “The RSPCA and RSPB have been no help whatever. They seem to put the rights of these birds above those of people , which is ridiculous,” Roy said.

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A.The door of their garage can’t be closed.B.They can’t walk out because of the seagulls.
C.Their pet birds often attack them aggressively.D.A flock of birds nested on the roof of their house.
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The World Wildlife Fund, or WWF, says about 20,000 rhinos live in South Africa. That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world. Edna Molewa, South Africa’s environmental issues minister, says, “During 2014, we are sad to say this,1,215 rhinos were killed. This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1004 in 2013 and indeed very worrying.”

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1. What do we know about rhinos?
A.Half of the rhinos live in South Africa.
B.Less than 1,000 rhinos were killed in 2013.
C.The killing reached the highest point in 2014.
D.There are only 20,000 rhinos left in the world.
2. What is the main reason for people to hunt rhinos?
A.To get more keratin.
B.To protect the farmland.
C.To use them for decoration.
D.To make money from horns.
3. Jo Shaw thinks that_________.
A.many criminal groups are well organized
B.new laws are needed to punish the killers
C.rhino protection needs international cooperation
D.conferences about protecting rhinos are to be held every year
4. What can we infer from the text?
A.Rhino protection has a long way to go.
B.No one would like to buy horns in the future.
C.The illegal killing of rhinos will soon disappear.
D.Rhinos living in South Africa will move to other countries.
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