Leo Brouwer is considered as one of the most important living figures of classical music in Latin America. His works are played regularly in concert halls globally, and he has scored over 50 films. But now, Brouwer finds it’s hard to reflect on his success. He is just grateful that people are moved by his music.
Brouwer says, “Being useful is something incredible. Perhaps my root of being an orphan reminds me of these reflections.” His parents divorced when he was very young, and his mother died when he was 11. So he decided to go to look for his father. “I found him playing the guitar, and the instrument fascinated me,” he says.
Then Brouwer taught himself music. Though his grandmother was the sister of famous composer Ernesto Lecuona, the wealthy family refused to pay for his music education.
“Being in an orphanage made me reflect on the ‘what’ and the ‘why’ of the essential things in life. I often asked myself what I was doing there and why I was fascinated with it?” he says. He listened to Cuba’s classical radio station all the time and learned how to read sheet music by staying in music stores in Havana when he was 15.
Brazilian guitarist Carlos Barbosa-Lima first heard Brouwer’s music when touring in Europe in the early 1970s. “For me it was a new experience, because I saw a composer with incredible view of the music and different styles,” Barbosa recalls. Part of that style includes traditional music and Cuban instruments in classical music forms.
Besides being a creative composer, Brouwer also founded important cultural institutions in Cuba. In 1960, he created the Cuban Institute of Art and Film Industry on the island. He stopped playing the guitar in the late 1970s, after an accident permanently damaged his right hand. Today, he focuses on composing, noting that he still has a lot of work to do. “Now I have many more ideas and have to be selective,” he says.
1. How does Brouwer behave towards his success?A.He thinks little of it. |
B.He regards it as pride. |
C.He owes it to people’s help. |
D.He believes it’s incredible. |
A.His grandmother’s support. |
B.His family’s music education. |
C.The scene of his father’s playing the guitar. |
D.The instruction his mother gave to him. |
A.Brave and honest. | B.Low-key and hard-working. |
C.Creative but skeptical. | D.Easy-going but conventional. |
A.The Childhood of Brouwer | B.The Achievements of Brouwer |
C.Brouwer’s Career in Music | D.Brouwer’s Musical Productions |
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【推荐1】Music influences your emotions. In turn, your emotions influence your behavior. One of these is your food intake.
Researchers at the University of Arkansas studied how music influences people when they eat in a restaurant. For the study, they used four types of music: jazz, classical, rock, and hip-hop. Their results showed that people had more appetite when they listened to jazz music while they ate.
However, another study published in Psychological Reports suggests it isn’t only increased appetite that causes people to eat more.
Besides, the study conducted by the Journal of the Academy suggests that the volume of music can also have an effect on how you eat. More specifically, the study states that, with low-volume music, you eat better because you make healthier choices. On the other hand, the study claims that music at high volume increases stimulation and stress.
For this reason, restaurants should consider the fact when thinking about the optimization of their products and services.
A.Does music influence how you eat? |
B.Being in a rush to eat also plays a part. |
C.Does your emotion boost your appetite? |
D.However, they had less appetite when listening to hip-hop. |
E.In fact, many catering establishments have already taken action. |
F.This could prove to be quite an interesting concept for restaurants. |
G.This means you’re more likely to order comfort food or other unhealthy options. |
【推荐2】Two musicians from Germany are using robotic equipment to add sounds to their performances. The two-man band performs with a robot that can play several musical instruments at the same time. The robot can sound like a guitar, keyboard, drum or other instruments. When performing, members of the band provide many of the sounds, but others are controlled by a computer. Once connected to wires and set up, instruments can play on their own.
One of the instruments was created from a long, self-turning wooden stick that sits on top of a microphone stand(支架).The stick contains long strings. They are tied on each end. The strings are connected to a small wooden ball. As the stick tums, the ball hits a block on the floor, creating a sound. The two-man band, called Joasihno, recently performed at the South by Southwest Conference and Music Festival in Austin, Texas. They describe their electronic sounds as “psychedelic(迷幻的)machine” music. “Actually, we call it a psychedelic robot group, ”said Cico Beck, one of the creators of the group.
The group’s other member, Nico Siereg, says playing in an experimental band with robots is not the same as playing in a traditional one. “It’s a little bit different because you also have in mind that there are machines playing around you, but there’s no reaction from them, ” he said. But Siereg said that in some ways, the robots actually help him improve his performance. Since the self-playing instruments are programmed, he sometimes feels freer to focus on what he is playing, and at times to even play without preparation.
The musician says he can imagine similar technology having a greater influence on many different kinds of music in the future. “Technology is like a very important tool and it’s very often a very important part of inspiration, ” he said. But he also expressed hope that "real music won’t die.
In addition to performing recently in Texas, Joashihno has been busy putting on shows in Europe and in Canada. The band hopes its high-tech music “experiment” will keep reaching new people and pleasing the ears of its fans.
1. According to the first paragraph, what can we know about the robotic equipment?A.It is operated by a wooden stick. |
B.It is controlled to make music. |
C.It functions as musical instruments. |
D.It is actually a set of wires connecting computers. |
A.It is better than playing with human beings. |
B.It is just a pity that the robots cannot respond to him. |
C.It has a negative effect on his performance because robots distract him. |
D.It is strange for him to have some machines playing around him. |
A.Robots will replace musical instruments. |
B.This new style of performance has become popular around the world. |
C.One member of the band doesn’t think playing with robots is real music. |
D.The machines are programmed to create many sounds. |
A.Real Music Won’t Die | B.Adding New Blood |
C.High Technology Is Applied to Music | D.Robots Will Wipe Out Human Beings |
【推荐3】Recently, Google researchers published a paper describing results from an artificial intelligence(AI) tool, called MusicLM, built to create music. It is not the first AI music tool to launch. But the examples Google provides demonstrate musical creative ability based on a limited set of descriptive words. AI shows how complex computer systems have been trained to behave in human-like ways. Google engineers explain the MusicLM system this way.
First, a user comes up with a word or words that describe the kind of music they want the tool to create. For example, a user could enter this short phrase into the system: “a continuous calming violin backed by a soft guitar sound.”The descriptions entered can include different music styles, instruments or other existing sounds. Several different music examples produced by MusicLM were published online. Some of the generated music came from just one-or-two-word descriptions,such as “jazz”, or “techno”. The system created other examples from more detailed descriptions containing whole sentences. In the resulting recording, the music seems to keep very close to the description. The team said that the more detailed the description is, the better the system can attempt to produce it.
In addition to generating new music from written descriptions, the team said the system can also create examples based on a person’s own singing, whistling or playing an instrument. The researchers said the tool “produces high-quality music...over several minutes, while being faithful to the text conditioning signal”.
Although MusicLM hasn’t been released for public use, Google announced it was releasing a “high-quality dataset” of more than 5,500 music-writing pairs prepared by professional musicians called MusicCaps. The researchers took that step to assist in the development of other AI music generators.
The MusicLM researchers said they believe they have designed a new tool to help anyone quickly and easily create high-quality music selections. However, the team said it also recognizes some risks linked to the machine learning process.
1. Which instruction may help create the most accurate music by MusicLM?A.Rock and roll. |
B.A piano piece to uplift one’s spirits. |
C.Eastern music. |
D.A mixed sound of guitar and violin. |
A.To allow the public to use MusicLM. |
B.To display the capabilitiesof MusicLM. |
C.To help develop other AI music generators. |
D.To promote the MusicCaps music-writing service. |
A.Problems about the new tool. |
B.Advantages of using MusicLM. |
C.Background of the research team. |
D.Application of AI technology. |
A.MusicCaps behave in human-like ways. |
B.AI makes music accessible to ordinary people. |
C.Musicians recognize the true value of MusicLM. |
D.MusicLM creates music from written descriptions. |
【推荐1】Huckleberry Finn didn’t have a home because his mother died and his father, who was often drunk, rarely stayed in one place. For a while, Huck lived with a kind old lady called Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson. He liked Widow Douglas, but he was unhappy that she wanted him to wear clean clothes and went to school.
Huck was pleased when his father returned and took him to live in a hut in the woods. But soon Mr Finn started hitting the boy and locking him inside the hut when he went out. Huck ran away to Jackson Island, where he happened to meet Jim, Miss Watson's slave, who was hiding there. After a few days Huck dressed as a girl and went into town to find out what was happening. He discovered that people thought Jim was on the island and that there was a reward of $300 for anyone who found him. So Huck and Jim decided it's time to leave.
They got on the raft as fast as they could, put all their things on it, and moved off down the river. When it began to get light, they hid. When it was dark again, they traveled on. On the fifth night they passed St Louis, and they decided to go on down to Illinois. There were no slaves in Illinois.
They slept for most of that day and they began their journey again when it was dark. After some time, they saw lights on the Illinois side of the river and Jim got very excited.
After that, they went on down the river. Suddenly, a big steamboat came at them very fast, Jim and Huck jumped off the raft into the water.
When Huck came up out of the water. He couldn't see Jim anywhere. He called out his name again and again,but there was no answer.“He's dead!” Huck thought. Slowly, Huck swam to the side of the river and got out. Suddenly a lot of very angry dogs jumped out at him. They made a terrible noise and someone called from the house “Who’ s there?”
“George Jackson”, Huck answered quickly."I’ve fallen off a river boat.”
Well,the people who lived in that house were very kind, and they took Huck in and gave him some new clothes and a good meal. He told them that his family were all dead, so they said he could stay with them as long as he wanted. It was a beautiful house and the food was good there, so he stayed.
1. Why did Huck escape to Jackson Island?A.He wanted a free life. | B.He didn’t want to go to school. |
C.He liked to stay with Jim. | D.He went there to look for his father. |
A.He wore a girl's dress for fun. | B.He didn't want to be recognized. |
C.He didn’t have any other dress. | D.He was robbed of his own clothes. |
A.The bright lights on the river bank. |
B.That they finally got rid of the people who came to catch them. |
C.The prospect of breaking away from slavery. |
D.That they found a place to stay for a rest. |
A.Huck was a clever and quick-minded boy |
B.Huck was very happy to find his last home |
C.Jim escaped alone to Illinois |
D.the people who lived near the riverside wanted to take in Huck as a family laborer |
【推荐2】Many of us have heard of Alex Honnold, who made history in 2018 when he became the first man to climb EI Capitan without ropes or safety equipment. But his mother, Dierdre Wolownick, just became the oldest woman to conquer the famous peak: she reached the top on September 23 — the morning of her 70th birthday.
Dierdre, the writer and language teacher, decided to take up climbing as a means to connect more with her son. In 2008, accompanied by her son Alex, she visited a climbing gym and completed 12 routes that first day with his help, but it was months before she worked up the courage to return and practice on her own.
Dierdre became committed to the sport, and began to meet friends and sharpen her skills. She scaled (登上) parts of Half Dome and Cathedral peak at a time when many people at her age are thinking about retirement and slowing down. The writer would go on to publish a book about her climbing experiences with Alex called The Sharp End of Life: A Mother’s Story.
“As a mother, I am impressed by this role exchange process. Parents and children often wind up changing roles in life as they get older,” she writes in her book. “But never, I thought, is that transformation as obvious as when they climb together.”
On September 23, Dierdre and her friends set out in the dark, at 6 am. The route is steep (陡峭的) enough to require all-fours, grabbing rocks and trees and whatever else will hold the weight. Yet despite all difficulties the team made it to the top.“It was really inspiring to watch her and then to have her on top with all of us,” said one of Dierdre’s friends.“There was a special look on everyone’s face. We knew where we were. We knew how amazing the moment truly was.
1. Why did Dierdre start climbing mountains?A.To know her son better. |
B.To celebrate her birthday. |
C.To seek writing inspiration. |
D.To set an example for the old. |
A.Patient. | B.Courageous. | C.Intelligent. | D.Generous. |
A.It was worth the efforts. |
B.It took days to complete. |
C.It was arranged on her own. |
D.It required special equipment. |
A.Mountain climbing benefits health |
B.Mother goes beyond her son’s wish |
C.Climb together, bond closer |
D.Slow down, better your life |
【推荐3】Randy Kraus was disabled. His left side was useless. He'd been a police officer before, and he was strong and able. Now, he felt he could do nothing.
His trouble started with Parkinson's disease, but it didn't end there. In July, 2002, the 60-year-old Kraus went into the hospital for an operation on his brain to control the shaking. But during the operation,he had a stroke. He was paralyzed. The doctor said, “You may never walk again and you might not even be able to talk.”
Kraus found that he couldn't lift a fork or take a drink by himself. Physical treatment was so painful and slow. What did he have to live for? So Kraus held the gun against his head. Feeling the cold metal on his skin, he began to consider the pain he would cause for his wife, daughters and grandchildren. He didn't pull the trigger (扳机).
Andrew Garud, his exercise physiologist, told him, “You are where you are. The pace would be slow;the pain would be real. But as long as you are alive, you will have the ability to get better.”
After three months of working with Garud, Kraus wanted to see if he could stand.
He could. Then he took three steps, sat down and cried like a baby.
One step, as they say, led to another. Next he managed a short walk along the edge of a boxing ring (拳击台) in the health club. It was the hardest fight of Kraus's life. People at the gym cheered him on. Garud kept saying he could do more. Now, Kraus can brush his teeth,shave himself and get around the house with a walker. Only the disabled can fully understand little success.
1. According to the passage,we can learn that ________.A.the stroke during the operation on his brain led to Kraus' disability |
B.Kraus' operation in 2002 was performed by Andrew Garud |
C.doing exercise can help cure Parkinson's disease |
D.Kraus will lead a normal life as a healthy person in the future |
A.Everyone in the world has the right to be alive. |
B.It's necessary for people to do exercise to keep healthy. |
C.One should try to lead a better life. |
D.As long as a person is alive, he will have a chance to be better. |
A.Optimism. | B.Strong mindedness. |
C.Sympathy. | D.Generosity. |
【推荐1】There is a lot to learn about the creations of Beatrix Potter — not only is she the author and illustrator of one of the world’s most famous children’s books, The Tale of Peter Rabbit, but also a pioneering conservationist with the spirit of a scientist.
“Potter grew up as the daughter of a wealthy Victorian family, but along with her brother who filled an entire floor of their large house in London with all sorts of animals,” said Anne Lundin, a retired professor for the UW-Madison School of Library and Information Studies.
“As an adult, she was a frustrated botanical illustrator and scientist. That field was not open to her because she was female,” Lundin said. Potter was urged to turn the charming illustrations and stories she wrote in letters to children into books. She wrote 23 books in all — a body of work that has inspired plays, ballets, films and an astonishing amount of merchandise.
“The Tale of Peter Rabbit is probably the most famous children’s book in the world, which was published in 1902 and has really stood the test of time. It’s been translated into 36 languages. The parents and grandparents will share it with the next generation,” said Lundin.
Potter also made a mark on the world through her land conservation. “In many ways, she was like Peter Rabbit, venturing into a world of adventure and risk. She withdrew from London as soon as she started making some money on her books to the Lake District and became an extremely important farmer and conservationist. She preserved and passed on 15 farms and over 4,000 acres, which were given back to the country as gifts in the 20th century,” said Lundin.
Even though she was born 150 years ago, she was amazingly modern — her embracing of the natural world, commented Jennifer Blatchley Smith, an artistic director of the show Peter Rabbit Tales to celebrate the 150th anniversary of Potter’s birth.
1. What helped Beatrix Potter to write The Tale of Peter Rabbit successfully?A.Her life and work experiences. |
B.Her specialty in animated (动画) pictures. |
C.Her success in becoming a botanical scientist. |
D.Her interest in animals in childhood alone. |
A.A botanist and artist. |
B.An extremely important farmer and successful scientist. |
C.A writer, conservationist and farmer. |
D.An artistic director. |
A.In celebration of Potter’s 150th birthday. | B.In honour of Potter’s new contributions. |
C.In praise of Potter’s spirit of selflessness. | D.In support of Potter’s book promotions. |
【推荐2】Many people criticize today’s newspapers as sensationalist, satisfying the public’s abnormal curiosity. But journalism a century ago was just as notorious (臭名昭著). Publishers at that time routinely competed with each other for wild stories that could draw in the most readers. Meanwhile, it was an ideal atmosphere for a courageous reporter like Nellie Bly to spring into fame.
Bly, whose name was Elizabeth Corcoran, had to work to make her way in the world. Different from many women of the time, however, she refused to let the working world scare her away. Her first big opportunity as a reporter came in 1885 after she wrote an angry letter denouncing the Pittsburgh Dispatch for an article it had run criticizing women forced to work outside the home. The interested and excited editor hired Bly for her “spirit,” and soon she was investigating the situations of female factory workers. Bly cared less about their jobs than their lives after work -their amusements, their motivations, their fears and ambitions. She produced an article totally different from what other reporters of the time were writing: personal, thoughtful, meaningful.
By 1887 Bly had a job with the New York World, one of the leader papers of the day. She quickly became famous for undercover stories about women in a mental hospital. Soon she had investigated life as a maid, a chorus girl, and even a street girl. In her best-known brave deeds, in 1890, Bly beat the famous “around the world in 80 days” trip Jules Verne had described in his novel. Traveling by steamship, train, even ricksha, Bly reported from each stop. A spellbound nation hung on every word. Only 25, Bly had become internationally famous.
1. Bly’s first newspaper job was ________.A.with the New York World |
B.with the Pittsburgh Dispatch |
C.to interview mental patients |
D.to experience life of chorus girls |
A.Praising. | B.Questioning. |
C.Informing. | D.Condemning. |
A.By criticizing Jules Verne. |
B.By competing with other reporters. |
C.By writing stories through investigation. |
D.By caring about women from different classes. |
A.Daring and practical. | B.Acute and confident. |
C.Critical and dependent. | D.Calm and enthusiastic. |
【推荐3】About 2,400 years ago in Athens a man was put to death for asking too many questions. There were philosophers before him, but it was with Socrates that the subject really took off.
Snub-nosed, podgy, shabby and a bit strange, Socrates did not fit in. Although physically ugly and often unwashed, he had great charisma and a brilliant mind. Everyone in Athens agreed that there had never been anyone quite like him and probably wouldn’t be again. He was unique. But he was also extremely annoying. He saw himself as one of those horseflies that have a nasty bite—a gadfly.
As a young man he had been a brave soldier fighting in the Peloponnesian War against the Spartans and their allies. In middle age he shuffled around the marketplace, stopping people from time to time and asking them awkward questions.
An example of this was his conversation with Euthydemus. Socrates asked him whether being deceitful counted as being immoral. Of course it does, Euthydemus replied. He thought that was obvious. But what, Socrates asked, if your friend is feeling very low and might kill himself, and you steal his knife? Isn’t that a deceitful act? Of course it is. But isn’t it moral rather than immoral to do that? It’s a good thing, not a bad one—despite being a deceitful act. Yes, said Euthydemus, who by now is tied in knots. Socrates by using a clever counter-example has shown that Euthydemus’ general comment that being deceitful is immoral doesn’t apply in every situation. Euthydemus hadn’t realized this before.
Over and over again Socrates demonstrated that the people he met in the marketplace didn’t really know what they thought they knew. A military commander would begin a conversation totally confident that he knew what “courage” meant, but after 20 minutes in Socrates’ company would leave completely confused. The experience must have been disconcerting. Socrates loved to reveal the limits of what people genuinely understood, and to question the assumptions on which they built their lives.
A.That was more or less all he did. |
B.What made Socrates so wise was that he kept asking questions and he was always willing to debate his ideas. |
C.They are irritating, but don’t do serious harm. |
D.If philosophy has a patron saint, it is Socrates. |
E.It meant understanding the true nature of our existence, including the limits of what we can know. |
F.A conversation that ended in everyone realizing how little they knew was for him a success. |