Walking in the hutongs (alleyways) of Beijing, if you see a residential compound (建筑群) with a courtyard enclosed by the surrounding houses and walls on the four sides,     1     is called a “Siheyuan” (quadrangle dwellings) .

The size of a Siheyuan was affected by the    2     (household) social status, which was reflected in the gate as well. Some gates were painted red, while others had door nails,     3    decorated with stone blocks and brass ring door knockers.

Facing inward toward the courtyard, the surrounding houses are mostly occupied by different members of a large family. The senior members usually live in the main house     4    the north, which has good lighting and temperature all year round, while the younger generations would live in other wings by     5     (senior). The whole Siheyuan forms a self-contained environment for the family, creating a     6     (harmony) atmosphere.

Influenced by urbanization and social changes, some courtyard houses     7       (pull) down, Siheyuan becomes a precious memory of the old Beijing city. And those courtyard houses preserved are often endowed with modern features. The houses     8     (maintain) the original layout, architects have renovated the house and added modern living equipment     9     (adapt) the traditional buildings for contemporary uses.

The design of the residential area of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Village was inspired by Siheyuan. The 20 apartment buildings, arranged in a special way that create s enclosed and open spaces,     10     (surround) six courtyards, which shows a perfect integration of the Olympic culture and the traditional Beijing culture.

Located on the west bank of the Xiangjiang River in Changsha, Hunan, Yuelu Academy has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties. The academy     1     (establish) in 976 AD in the Song dynasty. Shortly after its establishment, it was known throughout the whole of China     2     its style of school management and its role in the spread of     3     (academy) learning.

The Lecture Hall at the heart of the academy is the core building     4     most teaching and great ceremonies take place. It’s said that when Zhu Xi, the great scholar of the Southern Song dynasty, came here to give lectures, so popular     5     the lectures that there were too many visitors and the water in the pond was drained (抽干) by their horses.

It is in the academy     6     the famous “HuxiangSchool of Learning” began to get popular. Later on, the academy saw other learning and ideas spread and exchanged. There have been countless talented students       7     (learn) at Yuelu Academy. Especially in the late 19th century and 20th century, the academy trained a great number of patriotic     8     (think) and politicians.

Today, Yuelu Academy, which     9     (official) became a part of Hunan University in 1926, still shoulders the responsibility of conducting researches and training professionals. The academy has witnessed a history of more than one thousand years without a break,     10     it earns the reputation of a “millennial academy”