Alpha, Beta, Delta... these Greek letters used to only appear in our math classes but are now in use in news headlines.
Now, it’s Lambda. As the Delta variant (变 体) spreads throughout communities in Asia, Europe and the United States, another variant, Lambda, is spreading rapidly throughout South America, Forbes reported on Aug 10.
On May 31, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a naming system for variants of COVID-19 that uses letters of the Greek alphabet (字母表). Before that, the public had to call a variant its scientific name or refer to it based on where it was identified.
For example, a variant of COVID-19 identified in South Africa in late 2020 was called variant 501Y.V2 or B.1.351. Media also called the same virus “the South African variant”. Now, everyone calls it “Beta”.
Compared to complicated scientific names, the Greek letters are much easier to remember. “It is a lot easier for a radio newsreader to say ‘Delta’ than bee-one-six-one-seven-two,” Jeffrey Barrett, a UK statistical geneticist told Nature.
WHO hopes this change will help stop the stigma (污名) associated with geography-based names. “I can understand why people just call it ‘the South African variant’ — they don’t mean anything by it,” Salim Abdool Karim, an epidemiologist in South Africa, told Nature. “The problem is, if we allow it to continue, some ill-intentioned people may take advantage of it.” “No country should be stigmatized for detecting and reporting variants,” Maria Van Kerkhove, WHO’s COVID-19 technical lead, wrote on Twitter.
As the virus is still evolving, 11 variants have been named so far. What if the 24 Greek letters are not enough? “We will possibly run out of the Greek alphabet, but we’re already looking at the next series of names,” Van Kerkhove told The Telegraph. “We’re actually considering star constellations(星座).”
Currently, the Virus Evolution Working Group and WHO’s legal team are double checking proposals to “make sure we don’t upset anyone with these names”, Van Kerkhove told The Telegraph.
1. What do Lambda and Delta have in common?A.They are both chosen by Greek scientists. |
B.They are both confusing to understand. |
C.They are both Greek names of varieties of COVID-19. |
D.They are both the places where COVID-19 was found. |
A.The virus should be named after the place where it is found and spread. |
B.No country should detect or study COVID-19 without WHO’s permission. |
C.People felt uncomfortable when they call COVID-19 “the South African variant”. |
D.Some people with bad intention may judge other countries reporting COVID-19. |
A.Because the naming system in use is not convenient. |
B.Because the variants may outnumber the Greek letters. |
C.Because people are more curious about star constellations. |
D.Because it is illegal to rename the variants with letters. |
A.To introduce new ways of renaming COVID-19 varieties. |
B.To describe how scientists identified the varieties of COVID-19. |
C.To explain why some people prefer geography-based names. |
D.To arouse people’s awareness of more COVID-19 varieties. |
A.Science. | B.Travel. |
C.Sports. | D.First Aid. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】“There’s no place like home.” This English saying has much truth in it: the best place to be is surrounded by our treasured possessions and our loved ones and with a roof over our head. And for many young adults, it’s the only affordable place to stay; some place where they can receive first- class service from mum and dad. But this comes at a price!
In some countries, it’s quite traditional for people in their late teens and early 20s to live at home with their parents, but in other places, flying away the nest to start their own independent life is very desirable. But there’s been a growing trend, in the UK at least, for young people to return home to live —or not to leave home at all.
According to the UK’s Office for National Statistics, about a quarter of young adults aged 20-34 live at home, and that figure has been growing. A survey by a price comparison website found that 18% of adult children in the UK said they were moving back home because of debt, compared with 8% last year. More young people had lost their jobs, and others couldn't afford their rent compared with the previous year. So, it’s easy to see why they’re increasingly becoming home birds.
The BBC’s Lucy Hooker explains that many returning adult children enjoy home comforts. These include cooked meals, a full fridge and cleaning, as well as their bills being covered by what is commonly called “the hotel of mum and dad”. But for the “hoteliers”, that’s mum and dad, the survey found the average cost to them has gone up sharply, and that they are sacrificing luxuries and holidays to look after their “big kids”. Emma Craig from Moneysupermarket says “they’re trying to look after their children more. If your child comes home and you see them struggling financially, you feel more awkward asking them for rent or lo contribute.
With parents splashing out(花费)around £l,886 on takeaway food, buying new furniture and upgrading their Wi-Fi for the benefit of their children, it’s easy for the returning children to put their feet up and make themselves at home. That's before they learn a home truth that one day it might be their own kids who'll be checking into the hotel of mum and dad!
1. Which of the following statements is true according to the text?A.The main reason for their moving back home lies in parents' service. |
B.Different countries have different traditions. |
C.More and more young people live with parents in the UK. |
D.Young people desire to live independently in all countries. |
A.They are struggling financially. |
B.They want to keep their parents company. |
C.They can't afford to buy their own house. |
D.They want to enjoy home comforts |
A.They have difficulty making ends meet. |
B.They feel happy with their children around. |
C.They feel awkward asking their children for rent. |
D.They give up their own life to take care of their kids. |
A.A new trend in the UK. |
B.The hotel of mum and dad. |
C.There’s no place like home. |
D.Everything comes at a price. |
【推荐2】Scientists have come up with a new way to measure ocean trash(垃圾) and the numbers are even worse than thought. In 2010, eight million tons of plastic trash ended up in the ocean from coastal countries far more than the trash floating on the surface of the ocean. That ' s bad news. The even worse news is that the tonnage may increase by as much as ten times in the next decade unless the world finds a better way to improve how trash is collected and managed.
The new study identifies the major sources of plastic trash and names the top 20 countries producing the greatest amount of ocean trash. The United States is 20th. The rest of the list includes 11 Asian countries, Turkey, five African countries, and Brazil.
The size of the difference is huge --- 20 to 2,000 times more than the amount of floating trash. To make the figure eight million tons understandable, Jenna Jambeck, who led the study, compares it to lining up five grocery bags of trash on every foot of coastline around the globe. "And by 2025, those five grocery bags of plastic are going to be ten bags," she says. That would be 155 million tons a year if present trash management practices remain the same."
Ocean plastic has turned up everywhere. It has been found in the deep sea and buried in Arctic ice with terrible consequences for some 700 species of wildlife in the ocean.
The study has also created a new mystery. Because what flows into the ocean is so large, scientists now have to figure out where else it collects and in what amounts. "But what we need to do now is close the gap." says Richard Thompson, a scientist from the U.K.
1. What is the most serious problem concerning ocean trash?A.There is no way to get rid of it. |
B.Eight million tons of trash goes into the ocean. |
C.A lot more trash may be put into the ocean in the future. |
D.The way to measure ocean trash hasn't been found. |
A.showing the causes | B.describing a process |
C.making comparisons | D.making a classification |
A.what is harmless and what is dangerous |
B.what is on the surface and what is in the deep sea |
C.what is found and what can be recycled |
D.what is from America and what is from other countries |
A.Doubtful. | B.Hopeless. | C.Critical. | D.Concerned. |
【推荐3】100-Word-Story Competition 2018
Our annual short-story competition is back for its eighth year. As ever, we look forward to reading yours!
The Rules
Please make sure that stories are new, not previously published and exactly 100 words long (not including the title). We may use entries in all print and electronic media.
Entry is open only to people living in the UK. It is not open to employees of Reader’s Digest and all others associated with this competition, their immediate families and relatives living in an employee’s household.
Terms and Conditions
There are three categories-one for adults and two for schools: one for children aged 12-18 and one for children under 12.
In the adults category, the winner will receive£1,000 and two runners-up will each receive£250. In the 12-18s and under-12s categories, the winners will each receive a Fire HD 8 Tablet and a selection of STAEDTLER products worth£50, plus two STAEDTLER classpacks of pencils for their school. The two runners-up in both categories will each receive a Kindle E-Reader.
Please submit your stories by 5 pm on February 19.
The editorial team will pick a shortlist of entries, which this year will be published by our partner nicereading.com. Winners of the categories will have an opportunity to write a longer version of their stories for inclusion in the book.
The three best stories in each category will be posted on-line at readersdigest.co.uk on February 27. You can vote for your favourite, and the one with the most votes wins the top prize. Voting will close at 5 pm on March 19 and the winning list will be published in our June issue (六月刊) .
1. Who is allowed to take part in the story competition?A.A British man of 20. | B.A staff of Reader’s Digest. |
C.One of the organizers. | D.A brother of the staff. |
A.A Fire HD 8 Tablet. | B.A Kindle E-Reader. |
C.£50. | D.£250. |
A.On TV. | B.In a magazine. |
C.On a website. | D.In a book. |
【推荐1】Everything You Need to Know About Coronavirus
The spread of China’s coronavirus may have started with something simple — a person buying food for dinner at an outdoor market.
The potency and movement of the virus has rallied the cooperation of various agencies, including the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization,
What is the Wuhan coronavirus?
The infection numbers are startling: Since Jan. 20, cases worldwide have surged from 282 to 9,925. The death toll stands at 213, according to Chinese officials.
The current coronavirus doesn’t have an official name yet.
Outbreaks like this have happened before, most notably with SARS in 2003 and MERS in 2015.
With current numbers, the fatality rate for 2019-nCoV is 2.4%. The WHO said most coronavirus cases reported to date “have been milder, with about 20% of those infected experiencing severe illness.”
Are people quarantined (隔离)?
Wuhan has been the hardest hit. Airports and railway stations are closed and public transportation halted. Private vehicles are banned. Residents wear face masks to protect against infection. While a new, 1,000-bed hospital is under construction, there are shortages of medicine, protective masks and other supplies.
A.which closed a city of 11 million, leaped across continents and raised pandemic fears |
B.which declared the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak a “public health emergency of international concern” on Thursday |
C.How does coronavirus compare to SARS, MERS and the common flu |
D.Is the virus just a problem for China |
E.As infection numbers rise, China has ordered residents in nearly a dozen cities to stay where they are |
F.SARS, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, is commonly used as a reference in coronavirus coverage, since both originated in China and share characteristics |
G.The current designation is “2019-nCoV”, with “2019” for year of discovery, “n” for novel (meaning new) and “CoV” for coronavirus |
【推荐2】The COVID-19 pandemic is like a “storm” which negatively affects children’s mental and physical health and behavior.
● Watch your kids closely.
When we see a child acting in a manner that we think is inappropriate, we need to consider that the child may bear too much stress. Given this, it’s important to observe their behavior carefully.
● Understand the effects of adversity (逆境) on children.
While many kids are experiencing a stressful situation right now, those who have been exposed to other bad events in childhood are at an increased risk of struggling during and after this crisis.
Adults must recognize that for some kids, the newfound loneliness brought on by COVID-19 feels like a gift. While we may be struggling with schools being closed, kids could be feeling happy. We might assume our kids miss their friends, but they may appreciate having more time with us. And some who were dealing with bullying or social challenges at school may be relieved not to have to see other kids.
● Find “stress destroyers” that work for your family.
It is recommended that parents help kids avoid the harmful effects of stress by talking with them about the pandemic.
A.Avoid making assumptions. |
B.Stress is bad for children’s health. |
C.It leaves children feeling stressed. |
D.Pay attention to children’s manners. |
E.When we can predict it, hopefully we can prevent it. |
F.We should consider what need the behavior implies during this difficult time. |
G.Parents are encouraged to keep kids connected with friends and family online. |
【推荐3】After two years of pandemic living, people are collectively ready for a vacation. No matter how much we might like to, though, it’s not always possible to take a vacation from COVID-19. The virus is still circulating widely, including in popular tourist destinations like the U.K., Germany, France, and Italy. That means getting sick while traveling is a real possibility — and one that can turn into an expensive and stressful logistical headache.
What happens if you get COVID-19 while traveling internationally? To enter the U.S., international travelers currently need either a negative COVID-19 test result obtained within one day of their flight or proof that they have recovered from COVID-19 in the last 90 days. (This policy applies to both U.S .citizens and non-citizens, but children younger than 2 are exempt.) Without one of those documents, you cannot board a U.S.-bound flight. If you test positive, you should isolate and delay travel for 10 days, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
But where do you stay if you need to quarantine (隔离) abroad?And who pays for extended accommodations and rescheduled flights?Specifics vary from country to country, but the short answer is that travelers are often on the hook. Exceptions to the test-to-return policy may be granted on an “extremely limited” basis, such as in the event of an emergency medical evacuation or humanitarian crisis, the CDC says-but the average vacationer won’t have many options beyond paying to extend their stay.
A spokesperson for the State Department Jeanna Smialek said travelers who must isolate should contact their hotels and airlines to arrange accommodations and re-book travel, and, if necessary, seek assistance from their nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. The spokesperson added that U.S. citizens traveling abroad are subject to local quarantine rules, which may differ from those of the U.S. CDC.
1. What do you need to enter the US if you get COVID-19 while traveling internationally?A.A negative COVID-19 test result. |
B.A certificate of health recovery in the last 90 days. |
C.Two weeks’ travel delay. |
D.Extended accommodations and rescheduled flights. |
A.Should pay the money. | B.Be pleasant to stay longer. |
C.Have no choice but to obey the rule. | D.Be not satisfied with the policy. |
A.Accommodations should be booked by travelers themselves. |
B.American consulate is accessible to isolated travelers. |
C.Travelers who must isolate have certain restrictions. |
D.Travelers should obey both local and American quarantine rules. |
A.How to isolate during the COVID-19. |
B.What international travelers should do after test positive. |
C.COVID-19 isolation spreads in popular tour destinations. |
D.Isolation policies are different among countries. |