Many Americans pay little attention to science. Even people who regularly watch broadcast television news or cable news channels receive only pieces of science information in their media diet. Yet humor can reach viewers who would never watch NOVA or National Geographic.
Misunderstandings about vaccine (疫苗) safety have contributed to new outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles (麻疹) in 2014-2015 in California and in 2019 Washington state. Last year, I partnered with my colleagues Emily Moyer-Gusé and Melissa Robinson to test how a video of “The Daily Show” influenced parents’ concerns about vaccines.
We randomly split study participants into two groups and gave one a joke-free version of a pro-vaccine video. The other group got a funny version in which host Jon Stewart mixed humor with information about the seriousness of measles virus. One of steward’s jokes, “The United States has been hit with an outbreak of terrible disease. I’m not going to tell you which one. I’m going to tell you this. It rhymes with Vin Diesel. ” He also mocks the parents who avoid vaccinating their children as “science-denying freedom admirers”.
Study results showed that viewing the funny version of the message lowered vaccine safety concerns among the participants, especially those who previously had doubts about vaccine safety. For the audience members with strongest doubts, the funny version reduced vaccine safety concerns by 7 percent.
Traditional Vaccine messages often spark a negative influence in which showing doubters pro-vaccine data only hardens their suspicion. Our findings suggest that humor offers a unique opportunity to address mistaken science beliefs without triggering that sort of resistance.
1. What does the word "NOVA" in paragraph 1 probably refer to?A.A series of cellphones developed by a company. |
B.A computer game adopted from a science fiction. |
C.A magazine that gets new ideas about astronomy across. |
D.A bright star which is newly discovered by a group of astronomers. |
A.Measles developed into a new kind of virus. |
B.The government didn't take effective measures. |
C.There was no vaccine of measles in the states during the periods. |
D.Many people were concerned about the effect that the vaccine had. |
A.He makes a joke on the famous actor. |
B.Vin Diesel is the sponsor of his show. |
C.He is a big fan of the Fast and Furious movies. |
D.Vin Diesel is the special guest invited to his show. |
A.The vaccine of measles should be developed with time. |
B.Measles is a kind of disease that cannot be totally defeated. |
C.Being humorous is an effective way to cure people of measles. |
D.The effect of clarifying misunderstandings in a humorous way is better. |
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【推荐1】You go out for a meal and scan a QR code to order the food, but it asks for your phone number. You go back home and are asked to look into a facial recognition camera. Data collection is everywhere.
However, the personal information collected by companies can be leaked for marketing or used for (电信诈骗). According to a survey of 5,458 people by the China Consumers Association, 85.2 percent of people said they had experienced personal information leaks from applications on their smart phones. Most said they got unwanted calls or text messages afterward.
On Nov 1, the Personal Information Protection Law came into effect in China. The law has detailed rules to strengthen the protection of personal information.
The law defines personal information as any kind of information about people who are or can be identified, in electronic or other forms. So a person’s name, date of birth, ID number, address and phone number are all personal information.
There are also some kinds of personal information that are regarded as “sensitive”, such as fingerprints, faces, religious beliefs, medical health, financial accounts and all data relating to minors under 14.
According to the law, activities such as collecting, using, processing and trading of personal information will be strictly regulated. One key rule is that those handling personal information should inform users and get permission. For sensitive information, there are stricter rules on related activities. For example, in the case of a minor, approval from their parents is required.
Protection of personal information of online platform users is especially stressed. According to a report released in June on Internet development in China, the country has over 1 billion Internet users and 60 percent of surveyed applications had collected users’ information illegally. Many apps would collect users’ information even when the app was not in use. They could access the phonebook, photos, turn on the microphone and get the users’ location.
For individuals, it’s important to raise awareness of protecting personal information. Individuals need to fully understand the requests for personal information. If it’s not necessary, don’t agree. If you find that your personal data has been used illegally, you can report to consumer councils or(网络管理机构) with evidence.
1. The author intends to _______ by the first two paragraphs.A.tell some unwanted experiences | B.inform some personal information leaks |
C.draw the readers’ attention to the topic | D.warn the public against using applications |
A.A child’s pet name. | B.An application user’s location. |
C.Some old family pictures. | D.All data relating to teenagers. |
A.The Personal Information Protection Law will become effective in China. |
B.Dealing with personal information without users’ agreement is illegal. |
C.Collecting and processing personal information should be banned. |
D.For sensitive information, approval from a person’s parents is required. |
A.Enhance your consciousness of personal information and adopt effective measures. |
B.Don’t use the applications too often that are downloaded on your smart phone. |
C.Make up false personal information in order to protect your true information. |
D.Report to consumer councils or cyberspace administrations with evidence |
【推荐2】Although Paris is often considered the city of romance, close to a million adults who call it home are single. Many single people say that France’s capital is one of the most difficult places to meet people. The complaints of this lonely group have inspired a new phenomenon known as “supermarket dating”. At Galerie Lafayette Gourmet, singles can shop for more than just the items on their grocery list. They can look for someone who has blue eyes, brown hair, and is 1.8 meters tall, or whatever may be on their romantic shopping list.
At this Paris location, single people of all ages can schedule their shopping for Thursday nights between 6:30 and 9:00 p.m. When they walk through the door, they pick up a purple basket to advise that they are looking for love. They try to arrive early because the baskets disappear quickly, and then they have to wait in line for their turn to wander the store aisles. With purple baskets in hand, shoppers can consider their romantic options while they pick out their groceries. When they are ready to pay, they can go to the checkout line for singles who want to chat.
Most of the people who look for love in the supermarket are skeptical of Internet dating. They know that it is easy to embellish (美化) one’s appearance or to lie about one’s age over the Internet. The supermarket, on the other hand, is considered a safe and casual environment in which to meet a potential match. In addition, what one finds in another’s grocery basket can say a thing or two about that person’s character or intentions. Buying pet food can be a man’s way of showing a potential match that he has a sensitive side. Women who fill their baskets with low-fat food show their healthy style of living. These days it’s possible to find much more than food at a grocery store.
1. What do many single people in Pairs complain about?A.The difficulty in finding a match. |
B.The idea of supermarket dating. |
C.The items on their grocery list. |
D.The inconvenience in shopping. |
A.The dating supermarket is located in Paris. |
B.The dating supermarket is open only on Thursday evenings. |
C.Only single people can shop in the supermarket. |
D.The dating supermarket has very good business. |
A.They schedule their meeting in advance. |
B.They go through a special checkout. |
C.They pick out their groceries with great care. |
D.They dial the phone numbers on their shopping items. |
A.The supermarket dating is more convenient. |
B.The supermarket dating is more fun. |
C.The supermarket dating is more trustworthy. |
D.The supermarket dating is more economical. |
【推荐3】Are you addicted to social media? You may think you can quit it any time you want, but your body and brain may not agree. Staying deeply connected to your social networks can be costly.
Researchers took a look at how non-stop social networking can actually change your brain. Social media sites are used by one third of the global population, and 5—10% are unable to control their online usage due to a psychological addiction. Researchers call this addiction a substance addiction, namely, a similar effect of drug or alcohol on addicts.
There is a decline in the white matter (脑白质) that controls emotional processing and decision making, largely because social media provides an immediate reward. When you post something online and someone “likes” it, you get the immediate reward—people’s praise, and then your brain begins to long for these rewards. It’s just like how a drug works.
Researchers also looked at how multitasking affects the brain. When you are dealing with a variety of tasks, devices, and websites, you have to constantly switch your thinking modes, which usually leads to the unbalanced distribution of attention. Also, multitasking could damage your ability to commit to memory. Consider what happens when your phone vibrates (振动). You feel the vibration and nine times out of ten, you pull your phones out to check, which will distract you from what you are doing.
Of course there is nothing wrong with using social media to stay in touch with family, friends, and colleagues, but as with everything else in life, moderation (适度) is the key. Moderation can not only help us on task, but also help control the side effects from over stimulating our brains with social media, mobile devices, and screen time.
1. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1?A.To raise a question. | B.To give an example. |
C.To bring up the topic. | D.To make an analysis. |
A.Their fragile brain structure. | B.The convenient Internet access. |
C.The pressure from fast city life. | D.Their mental dependence on it. |
A.An improvement in time management. | B.A decline in creativity. |
C.A decrease in working efficiency. | D.An increase in sensibility. |
A.Objective. | B.Doubtful. | C.Supportive. | D.Critical. |
【推荐1】 A core human need is validation (认可) that experience of feeling seen and understood. We long for it. We don't feel safety, belonging or mattering without it. According to Oprah Winfrey, who has interviewed thousands upon thousands of people from ordinary folks to world leaders and highly successful business people, they all ask her the same question after the interview: "Did I do OK?"
In seeking validation many people talk without listening first. We are eager to make our next point and be validated. So we don't listen. While the other person is speaking, we are arranging our next piece of brilliance and persuasion in our minds. When we're told we need to be more "present" or even told to talk less, we start out with the best intentions, but soon find ourselves competing for airtime.
As leaders, part of our job is to find our validation elsewhere and give the gift of listening to our team.
Here's how you can help yourself become a more successful listener: ask more questions. Ask questions and actually listen for the answer and keep your mouth closed until it's time to ask the next question. Try keeping the ratio of questions to you offering your opinion at 80% questions to 20% your opinion.
In a team, especially if you are learning to collaborate better, try a few meetings using a device like a talking stick (only the person holding the stick can talk) to ensure that everyone gets equal airtime. The "talking stick" concept comes from Native American traditions but can be any object that is culturally appropriate for your team﹣even a pen will do.
In the age of organizations as living organisms, listening is the skill that will help your team soar—and give them the emotional experience they long for.
1. Why did people ask "Did I do OK?" after the interview?A.They are not confident about themselves. |
B.They want to show off before the host. |
C.They all long to be validated. |
D.They seldom have the chance to be interviewed. |
A.how to seek validation |
B.why we don't listen |
C.when to make our next point |
D.what is the best intention |
A.Find validation in your team. |
B.Keep your mouth closed. |
C.Ask 80 questions and offer 20 opinions. |
D.Raise more questions. |
A.To follow Native American traditions |
B.To help the team rise in spirits |
C.To check that everyone gets the same airtime |
D.To strengthen the importance of a meeting |
【推荐2】Many organizations learned in the past year that remote work can be highly effective, with 83% of employers surveyed saying that the shift to remote work has been successful for their company, according to a PwC study. In addition, 54% of workers want to continue working remotely after the pandemic. Now that it's clear where the work is done is not as important as people once thought, the other dimension of flexibility workers fever is the freedom to determine when the work is done. A 2019 study by the International Workplace Group found that 80% of workers would turn down a job that did not offer a flexible work schedule, and 76% of workers said they'd consider staying at their current employer if they could work flexible hours.
According to a Microsoft Work Trend Report, the 9-to-5 workday is disappearing, as the increase in remote work has allowed for more flexible hours. Employees are increasingly working asynchronously, completing tasks on their own schedules, which may be different from those of their colleagues. Asynchronous work is now essential to being part of a modern, digital economy, staying competitive in the war for talent, and building a globally distributed workforce.
Tsedal Neeley, a Harvard Business School professor, told me, “Companies have to rethink what it means to be part of a modern work structure. This idea of 9-to-5 or face-time culture is actually not helpful for a digitally advanced economy.” She highlighted that the face-time culture is the need to monitor or see people in order to feel like work is advancing. However, this assumption that being productive requires seeing people do the work is not only limiting, but also unreasonable, as technology and automation are increasingly used to get work done and are not as observable as before. Asynchronous work, she says, is “a completely new mindset in line with a digital economy.”
1. What do the statistics in Para. 1 suggest?A.The effects of remote work. | B.The importance of flexible work. |
C.The popularity of working alone. | D.The preference for flexible working style. |
A.Not at the same time. | B.Without much creativity. |
C.For different purposes. | D.Under unfavorable circumstances. |
A.Critical. | B.Neutral. | C.Indifferent. | D.Supportive. |
A.Adjusting to “9-to-5” culture | B.The change of digital economy |
C.The assumption of digital economy | D.Breaking free from “9-to-5” culture |
【推荐3】Transportation and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create barriers (障碍) to transportation and communication. In some countries, laws stop people from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel because of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africa’s government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carry identification papers and to report to government officials when they move.
Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travelers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas (签证). Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay.
Many of those barriers to travel also act as barriers to communication. When two governments have conflicts with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret.
Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to cross a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas.
1. The examples in Paragraph 1 are used to tell the readers that ________.A.transportation and communication networks bring people together |
B.it’s important to prevent people from transporting and communicating |
C.people made it difficult for themselves to transport and communicate |
D.natural barriers mainly influenced transportation and communication |
A.By listing several facts. | B.By listing several figures. |
C.By following the order of time. | D.By following the order of importance. |
A.People today have the ability to travel without any of the barriers. |
B.The governments can’t reach agreement each other on big issues. |
C.Citizens of some countries aren’t good at exchanging news or ideas. |
D.Countries require their citizens to keep all the information secret. |
A.people can not remove the obstacles made by nature and themselves |
B.man-made barriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural ones |
C.with so many barriers, people can’t travel and exchange goods and ideas |
D.natural barriers have always been difficult and dangerous to cross for us |