Humans were designed to stand upright (直立). And yet in this modern world, too many of us spend our days with our heads lowered for a simple reason: we're staring at the tiny screen of a smart phone.
People spend an average of 2 to 4 hours each day with their neck bent while shooting off emails or texts. That's 700 to 1,400 hours a year. The success of social media has led to a rapid development of bad smart phone posture.
The average adult head weighs 10 to 12 pounds when it's in the upright position. However, because of the gravity, bending your head at a mere 15 degree puts 27 pounds of pressure on your spine (脊椎); a 30 degree neck bend could equal (等于) 40 pounds of pressure; a 45 degree bend adds the force of 49 pounds, according to the research from Dr. Kenneth Hansraj from New York. These stresses may lead to many problems.
It's no secret that correct posture is better for your back. According to the researchers, good posture is described as ears aligned (成一条直线) with the shoulders. In proper alignment, spinal stress disappeared. It is the best position for the spine. Standing tall doesn't just make you look better; it improves your health, too. Other studies have found good posture has even been connected to ways of behaving. People who have poorer posture often have poorer physical and emotional health.
The researchers describe bad posture (姿势) as “the head in a forward position and the shoulders dropping forward in a rounded position”. Bad posture has been connected to many medical problems, including headaches and other problems, depression and heart disease. This is why Hansraj said it's important to be mindful of your smart phone posture. While it is nearly impossible to avoid the technologies that cause these problems, people should make an effort to look at their phones with a correct posture.
1. Through the underlined sentence in paragraph 2, the author wants to show that _______.| A．the social media have its bad side |
| B．the social media have made a great success |
| C．people have to use social media unavoidably |
| D．more and more people are using smart phones |
| A．It's healthy to bend your back regularly. |
| B．Your back is getting exercise as you bend it. |
| C．The average weight of an ad ult head always changes. |
| D．The more you bend your neck, the heavier the head becomes. |
| A．Bend your head within 15 degrees. |
| B．Raise and lower your head in turn. |
| C．Drop your head forward in a rounded position. |
| D．Keep the positions of the neck and shoulders in a line. |
| A．cure many diseases | B．make one behave differently |
| C．cause no stress to the spine | D．prevent one from gaining weight |
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【推荐1】The term “gig economy (零工经济)” has been out there for a while, but what does it mean for the people involved? On the consumer side, we think of it as shopping with smart devices and social media. On the job side, it is working as a freelance contractor (working independently for different companies rather than being employed by one particular company).
Like anything else, there are pros and cons to consider before joining the gig economy. Happy “giggers” appreciate the independence and flexibility that it can offer. It can give them more control over their lives, for example, and they can often work from home. The downsides include the lack of benefits such as sick leave, vacation pay and health insurance, reduced job security, and potentially higher taxes.
Unsurprisingly, employers like gig workers! Not paying benefits can save them almost 40 percent on staff costs. But if you’re seeking gig work, you don’t have to sell yourself cheap. Joe Griston, regional director for Freelancer.com, says, “Forty seven percent of the projects on Freelancer.com are awarded to the median (中值的) job seekers or higher.”
Research suggests that, by 2022,43 percent of the U.S. workforce will be made up of these freelancers. This is not just an American phenomenon. In the U.K., the Office of National Statistics reports that, “The number of self-employed workers in the U.K. rose by 20 percent between 2008 and 2015...Part-time self-employment grew 88 percent from 2001 to 2015, but just 25 percent for full-time workers.”
Gig workers must find out work opportunities themselves. In addition to the skills that a worker applies on the job, a gigger needs to create a strong online personal brand, know how to navigate gig platforms, and provide first rate service both in person and through digital devices. A gigger can take several gigs if time doesn’t conflict, which can ensure him or her a respectable income.
1. What does the underlined “it” in the second paragraph refer to?| A．Anything else. | B．The gig economy. |
| C．The flexibility of giggers. | D．The independence of giggers. |
| A．Because the salary of gig workers is low. |
| B．Because gig workers are mostly able people. |
| C．Because they can save half on staff costs. |
| D．Because they needn’t pay for giggers’ benefits. |
| A．Gig economy is becoming a trend. |
| B．Full-time workers will disappear someday. |
| C．The U.S.has more gig workers than the U.K. |
| D．Giggers have taken up 43% of the U.S.workforce. |
| A．Giggers don’t worry about any benefits. |
| B．Gig workers can have paid vacations. |
| C．Giggers enjoy more freedom in working. |
| D．Gig workers have more working opportunities. |
To a lot of Chinese young people who have been playing games online, it is impossible not to know this term. In such Internet games, "PK" is short for "Player Kill", in which two players fight until one ends the life of the other.
In the case of the "Super Girl" singing competition, "PK" was used to refer to the stage where two singers have to compete with each other for only one chance to go up in competition ranking.
Like this father, Chinese teachers at high schools have also been finding their students' compositions using Internet jargons (行话) which are difficult to understand. A high school teacher from Tianjin asked her students to write compositions with simple language, but they came up with a lot of Internet jargons that she didn't understand.
"My 'GG' came back this summer from college. He told me I've grown up to be a 'PLMM'. I loved to 'FB' with him together; he always took me to the 'KPM'," went one composition.
"GG" means Ge Ge (Chinese pinyin for brother). "PLMM" refers to Piao Liang Mei Mei (beautiful girl). "FB" means Fu Bai (corruption). "KPM" is short for KFC, Pizza Hut and McDonald's.
Some specialists welcome Internet jargons as a new development in language.
If you do not even know what a Kong Long (dinosaur, referring to an ugly looking female) or a Qing Wa (frog, referring to an ugly looking male) is, you will possibly be regarded as a Cai Niao!
1. By writing the article, the writer tries to ________ .
| A．explain some Internet language |
| B．suggest common Internet language |
| C．laugh at the Beijing father |
| D．draw our attention to Internet language |
| A．Fathers can't possibly know it. |
| B．The daughter should understand it. |
| C．Online game players may know it. |
| D．"Super Girl" shouldn't have used it. |
| A．are used not only online |
| B．can be understood very well |
| C．are welcomed by all the people |
| D．cause trouble to our mother tongue |
| A．A puzzled father |
| B．Do you speak Internet-ish? |
| C．Keep away from Internet-ish |
| D．Kong Long or Qing Wa? |
【推荐3】Researchers have found that men and women consumed 15% more calories when looking at their phones while eating. They also eat more fatty food. The groundbreaking（开创性的）study suggests that staring at a phone screen may distract（使分心）dinners from how much food they are actually eating. "It may prevent the correct understanding of the brain over the amount of food ingested（摄取）," said researchers who filmed 62 volunteers eating alone.
The men and women, aged 18 to 28, were invited to help themselves to a choice of food—ranging from healthy options to soft drinks and chocolate—until they were satisfied. In three trials, the volunteers were recorded eating no distractions, using a smart phone or reading a magazine.
On average the volunteers ate 535 calories without the distraction of a smart phone but 591 when using a mobile. Those in the sample who were classed as overweight ate 616 calories while using their phones. When using their mobiles, the volunteers also consumed 10 percent more. They also eat more when reading a magazine.
"Smart phone use during a meal increased calorie and fat intake," said Marcia Gilberto, a lead author of study carried out at the federal University of Lavras in Brazil and University Medical Center Utrecht in the Netherlands. He added: "Tablets and smart phones have become the main "distracters" during meals, even early in childhood, so it is important to pay attention to how this may impact food choices."
1. Why people would eat more when looking at the phone while eating?| A．Looking at the phone makes people at ease. |
| B．Staring at the phone may distract diners from the amount of food ingested. |
| C．Food becomes more delicious when the diners look at the phone. |
| D．Staring at the phone improves the eaters' appetite（食欲）for food. |
| A．About 560. | B．About 591. | C．About 616. | D．About 535. |
| A．Staring at a phone screen may distract people's attention. |
| B．To call on people to put their smart phone down while eating. |
| C．Using a smart phone at mealtimes can lead to consumed more calories. |
| D．Reducing calories is very important for people's health. |
| A．what should people do to keep fit. |
| B．why do people get overweight when eating with smart phones. |
| C．how should people keep weight when eating. |
| D．how does smart phones during dinner influence food choices in childhood. |
【推荐1】As the Editor-in-Chief of Cosmopolitan magazine, Jessica Pels is responsible for managing the content of one of the world’s largest young women’s media brands. Pels has ambitiously navigated her career to the top role relatively quickly, but the path she took wasn’t traditional.
Pels learnt ballet as a child and found her way to New York City dancing for a summer, but eventually gave up dance when she knew she “wasn’t good enough to be a star”. She didn’t give up her dream of working in the big city, though. Pels attended a film school at New York University and as a sophomore (大学二年级), got her first internship at The New Yorker. After graduation in 2008, many brands were in a hiring freeze.
But Pels was not affected. She got a job doing communications for a charity.
Six months into her first job, Pels got a job at Glamour Magazine to work for the Editor-in-Chief Cindy Levy. She would turn this first assistant role into her career, and finally found her way to Cosmopolitan, where she became the youngest editor-in-chief in the magazine’s history.
Reflecting on her career and the worst advice she’s ever received, Pels said it was “to say yes to everything”. It was a habit she had to learn to break. And while she acknowledges the importance of seizing opportunities, she doesn’t think that strategically saying “no” would have been a damage to her career.
She remembers the conversation with her boss Kate Lewis that changed her perspective on over- committing. “I had just started at Marie Claire as the digital director, and she said, I worry you’re going to burn out because you’re saying yes to everything and you are acting in such an aggressive way, and you need to take a step back and prioritize. ‘And that really changed my life. I thought that was an incredible career moment.”
1. Why did Jessica Pels give up dancing?| A．She wasn’t eager to be a star. | B．She didn’t think she was a gifted dancer. |
| C．She didn’t want to practice hard. | D．She wanted to take an untraditional career. |
| A．She always refused to help others. | B．She didn’t seize opportunities in time. |
| C．She didn’t knowhow to ask for advice. | D．She seldom refused others’ requests. |
| A．Creative and generous. | B．Humorous and confident. |
| C．Ambitious and determined. | D．Considerate and energetic. |
【推荐2】U.S. life expectancy is currently 78.6 years——a number determined by factors including genes, gender, lifestyle and luck. But the single best predictor of longevity (寿命) might be geography. Growing evidence suggests people’s ZIP codes might hold the most information about how long they’ll live.
Researchers from the New York University School of Medicine recently used data from NYU Langone Health’s City Health Dashboard to find that 56 of the 500 largest U.S. cities are home to people who can expect to live at least 20 fewer years than those in other neighborhoods, even if they’re just away. In Chicago, the city with the largest differences, life expectancy varied by 30.1 years between neighborhoods; in both Washington D.C. and New York City, it varied by more than 27 years between neighborhoods.
Where you live directly affects your health in a number of ways, from exposure to air pollution to accessibility of healthy food, green space and medical care. It’s also an indicator of socioeconomic (社会经济学的) factors related to health and longevity, including race and income. The NYU researchers also found that the cities with the widest gaps in life expectancy were those most separated by race and ethnicity (种族划分), with minority neighborhoods often facing obstacles, like unaffordable housing costs or poor social services. But these problems didn’t affect majority white neighborhoods to the same degree. Chicago is far more separated than most U.S. cities, and largely black neighborhoods on the South Side have the city’s lowest life expectancies.
Links among race, poverty and health have been strengthened by years of inequality, and removing them won’t be easy. However, the NYU researchers argue understanding the ties between ZIP codes and health can help local lawmakers, public-health officials and community representatives begin to level the playing field for their voters.
1. What does “ZIP codes” refer to?| A．Where people live. |
| B．How people live their life. |
| C．Whether are lucky. |
| D．What genes people have. |
| A．People in different cites had different life expectancies |
| B．People in Chicago lived longer than those in New York. |
| C．People in Washington D. C. had the lowest life expectancies. |
| D．Life expectancy differed among people in the same district. |
| A．Medical care. | B．Air pollution. |
| C．Ethnicity. | D．Social service. |
| A．Influences of ZIP codes on different people |
| B．Links between ZIP codes and longevity. |
| C．Ways to improve people’s life expectancy. |
| D．Importance of removing inequality. |
【推荐3】We all know that eating junk food can make us fat. However, a new study suggests that it can do more than that – it can also make us lazy, reported CBS News.
In the study, researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, US divided 32 female rats into two groups. The first group was fed a diet of healthy food such as corn and fish, while the second was given a diet of highly processed (加工的) food rich in sugar, namely “junk food”.
Within three months, the rats in the second group were already much fatter than those on the healthy diet. And when researchers trained the rats to do simple tasks, they found even more differences between the two groups rather than weight.
During the task – pushing a lever (杠杆) to receive a reward of sugar water – the rats on the junk food diet were found to be less willing to move, and they took longer breaks between each push than the lean rats did.
“It is as if the rat is thinking ‘This is too much work’,” Aaron Blaisdell, leader of the study, told the Los Angeles Times.
But what about the possibility that the fat rats were less passionate about getting sugar water because they were already eating lots of sugar in their daily diet? That’s why researchers repeated the tests by rewarding fat rats with plain water when they were extremely thirsty. However, the results came out just the same.
According to researchers, these differences suggest that junk food changed the chemistry in the rats’ brains.
The experiment didn’t end there. After six months, the rats’ diets were switched, and the overweight rats were given a healthy diet for nine days. However, this change didn’t help reduce their weight or improve their ability to perform tasks, which means the effects of their junk food diet persisted (持续存在). “There’s no quick fix,” said Blaisdell.
For a long time, we’ve believed that people become fat because they are lazy. But this study has proven the opposite to be true as well, which indicates that laziness and obesity are a “vicious cycle (恶性循环)”.
So, if you constantly feel tired, lacking any urge to get up from your chair, it could be that you’ve been studying too hard. But you should also pay attention to your diet.
1. During the first three months of the experiment by researchers at the University of California, ______.| A．rats from the healthy diet group ate nothing but corn and fish |
| B．rats on the junk food diet ate more than those on healthy diet |
| C．rats on the healthy food diet performed better at simple tasks than those on the junk food diet |
| D．rats on the junk food diet seemed uninterested in sugary food |
| A．help them control their weight |
| B．test whether fat rats lost interest in the test because they had taken enough sugar |
| C．change the diet habits of fat rats |
| D．find out the influence of sugar on rats’ brains |
| A．after the rats on the junk food diet had worked hard to get sugar water |
| B．after the type of food rats prefer had been identified |
| C．after a quick cure for obesity had been found |
| D．after the fact that fatter rats are lazier than lean rats had been found |
| A．fat people are usually lazier than lean people |
| B．people should switch between different types of diets to keep healthy |
| C．being overweight and being lazy can feed into each other |
| D．laziness is the main cause of weight problems |
| A．Eating junk food can make us fat. |
| B．Researchers got different results after repeated the tests to fat rats. |
| C．For a long time, we’ve believed that people become fat because they are lazy. |
| D．If you constantly feel tired or study too hard, you need to pay attention to your diet. |
