【推荐1】What’s so bad about processed foods?

Processed foods like chips, soda and frozen pizzas are full of salt, sugar and fat. Now scientists are trying to understand if there is something else about such foods that may be bad for humans. Already, the spread of cheap, _________ foods has been linked to rising obesity rates around the world. Three recent studies offer more _________ on how our increaingly industrialized food supply may be affecting our health.

The researchers came up with a system that groups foods into four categories. The system says highly processed foods are made _________ of industrialized ingredients and additives. Sodas, instant noodles and chicken nuggets are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can _________ beneficial to health, such as morning cereals, energy bars and some kinds of yogurt.

Researchers at the National Institutes of Health conducted a four-week study involving 20 people. They found that people eat about 500 more calories a day when _________ mostly processed food. That is compared with when the same people were given _________ processed foods. The researchers permitted the 20 participants to eat as much or as little as they wanted. They were taken to a medical center so their health and behavior could be _________.

In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. A similar study in Spain linked eating more processed foods to a higher risk of death _________.

When given less processed foods, people in the study __________ more of a hormones that suppressed appetite, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the __________ is not clear. The scientists also found that people ate processed foods faster.

Kevin Hall is one of the researchers who led the study. He told the AP that processed foods __________ be softer and easier to chew and swallow. Hall noted the source of nutrients might __________. Fiber from whole fruits and vegetables, for instance, may be better for making people feel full than the types of fiber added to packaged foods such as energy bars and yogurt.

Limiting processed foods can be hard, especially for people with limited time and energy. “What __________ me is when the message is, ‘Change the way we eat,’ without thinking about why people eat the way they eat,” said Sarah Bowen, a professor who studies food and inequality.

Another challenge is the broad range of processed foods, and __________ which ones might be better or worse as companies continually re-engineer products to mislead consumers. So while the newest studies may give us more reasons to avoid industrialized foods, they also underlie the difficulty of coming up with solutions.

【推荐2】Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, ________ one's risk of developing some diseases, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature(早于预期的) death, among many other________. Now it is said that a cup of ________ reduces physical pain.

The surprising finding is ________ a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90-minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work. The tasks were known to ________ pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms   and wrists. The researchers wanted to ________ how people with pain with those who were pain-free tolerated(忍受)the pain of such tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test "to avoid ________ effects of caffeine lack, e.g. decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion." they reported.

When it came time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norway's National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a ________ intensity(强度)of pain than the 29 people who didn't. In the shoulders and neck, ________ the average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee's obvious pain-reduction effect ________.

However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal, BMC Research Notes, warn that the results of the study come with many ________. For starters, the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed(消耗)before taking the computer tests. ________, they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were ________ in all aspects except for their coffee consumption. Problems like these tend to ________ the importance of the findings. But those doubts are ________ to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.

【推荐3】In the near 2050, dining at your favourite restaurant is likely to be an altogether different experience.

For your starter, you’ll tuck into a delicious Caesar Salad containing protein-rich mealworms instead of chicken. Next, your Android waiter 2.0 will bring over the mouth-watering main course: a meaty burger that has been_________ in a Petri dish (培养皿), decorated with crisp lettuce freshly picked from an underground farm and juicy tomato that has been_________ to contain extra vitamins. Then, if you still have room for dessert, you’ll be able to choose from a range of sweet treats that have been designed on a computer and_________ directly into the plate.

These_________ dishes may seem disgusting to us now, but in the future, they could help to solve a global food crisis. Over the next 35 years, the world’s population is expected to_________ a new high, meaning an extra two billion hungry mouths to feed. To fulfil this demand, the amount of food we grow will need to increase by 70 percent, but with most of the planet’s farmland already being used, and billions of its inhabitants already_________ this is going to be a major challenge.

Today’s global food industry is already_________ with agriculture responsible for almost a third of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. From the nitrous oxide given off by crop fertilizers, to the carbon dioxide generated as the_________ is transported around the world, these gases are trapping heat in the atmosphere and gradually warming the surface. _________ the changing climate makes it difficult to grow more crops, and so scientists will need to__________ more and more to help. By genetically modifying the plants we grow, not only can the more vulnerable species be made able to withstand harsher, inhospitable environments, but the few species that can survive could also be made more__________ to ensure we all get the vitamins and minerals we need.

Although growing fruit and vegetables generates a great deal of greenhouse gas, it is livestock production that is the biggest__________ to global emissions. As demand for meat grows, so does the list of negative consequences for our planet, so something needs to be done very soon. Of course, one simple solution to the problem is to eat less meat, but for a mostly carnivorous (食肉的) global population, this idea is unlikely to catch on. Therefore, __________ alternatives need to be found, and our idea of what we consider to be meat may need to change too.

In fact, even traditional farms as we know them are likely to look completely different in just a few decades time. Gone will be the days of farmers having to drive tractors and milk the cows themselves, as autonomous machines are already starting to__________ the market.

Once these eco-friendly and sustainable foods have been harvested, we might not recognize the products that hit the shelves. __________ packets and tins, your local supermarket will sell ingredients in cartridges (墨盒) that you can load into your 3D printer at home. Then, with a press of a button, you can sit back and relax while the machine builds a delicious dish — layer by layer — that is sure to impress your dinner party guests.

【推荐2】In many countries, people eat rice every day. _______ they eat it two or three times a day, for breakfast, lunch and supper. They can _______ it, fry it or _______ it into rice noodles. They usually eat it _______ meat, fish and vegetables.

Some people do not eat some kind of _______ . Muslins for example, do not eat pork, and Hindus do not eat beef.

The Japanese eat a lot of fish. Japan is an island and its _______ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to _______.The Japanese sometimes eat uncooked fish and they also eat a lot of rice.

In _______ such as Britain, Australia and the United States, the most important food is _______ or potatoes People there usually make their bread from wheat flour. They ________ potatoes in different ways. They can boil them, fry them and roast them.

In Africa, maize（玉米） is the most important food. ________ rice and wheat, maize is a kind of cereal. African people make the maize ________ flour. From this flour they make ________   kinds of bread and cakes. Many Africans are very ________ and they can't afford to eat much ________ with their cereal.

【推荐1】Exchange a glance with someone, and then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second _______ and you have made a_______ statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has_______ again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze_______ being rude or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gaze-time are you permitted?

To answer this question, consider what you________ do. You are very likely to give other passengers a quick glance to size them up and to assure them that you mean no_______. Since being close to another person_______ the possibility of interaction. You need to send out a message telling others you want to be_______. So you cut off eye contact. That is what sociologist Erving Goffman calls “a dimming of the lights.” You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere_______ into another passenger’s eyes. If you________ the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person extremely_ ________, and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself.

If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the________. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time. Then ________ their eyes down for 3 seconds________ letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3-second-plus stare, the man who is being stared at might feel "offended" and stare back at the first man,________a staring down contest. This type of stare often produces unfriendly feelings.

【推荐2】Some personal characteristics play an important role in the development of one’s intelligence. But people fail to realize the importance of training these factors in young people.

The so-called ‘non-intelligence factors’ include one’s feelings, will, motivation, interests and habits. After a 30-year study, American psychologists _____that the main cause of differences in intelligence is not intelligence _______, but non-intelligence factors including the desire to learn, will power and self-confidence.

_______people all know that one should have definite objectives, a strong will and good learning habits, quite a number of teachers and parents don’t pay much attention to ________ these factors.

Some parents are greatly worried when their children fail to do well in their studies. They blame either genetic factors, or laziness, but they never take into _______these non-intelligence factors. At the same time, some teachers don’t inquire into reasons why students do _______. They simply give them more courses and exercises, or _______criticize or laugh at them. After all, these students lose self-confidence. Some of them just feel defeated and _______themselves up as hopeless. Others may go astray (堕落) because they are sick of learning. An investigation of more than 1,000 middle school students in Shanghai showed that 46.5 per cent of them were _____of learning, because of examinations, 36.4 per cent lacked persistence, initiative and consciousness and 10.3 per cent were sick of learning.

It is clear that the lack of cultivation of non-intelligence factors has been a main ______ to intelligence development in teenagers. It even causes an imbalance between physiological and ______development among a few students.

If we don’t start now to _____the cultivation of non-intelligence factors, it will not only affect the development of the ______of teenagers, but also affect the quality of a whole generation. Some experts have put forward _____about how to cultivate students’ non-intelligence factors. Parents and teachers should _________understand teenage psychology. On this basis, they can help them to pursue the objectives of learning, exciting their interests and toughening their willpower.

【推荐3】It is natural that young people are not often comfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their ______ don’t understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways; that they are too strict ______ their children; and that they ______ give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s ______ and they tend to forget how they themselves ______ when young. For example, young people like to act at once without much ______. It is one of their ways to show that they have ______ up and they can face any difficult situation. Instead, ______ people worry more easily. Most of them ______ things ahead, at least in their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something ______.

When you want your parents to let you do ______, you will have better success if you ask ______ you really start doing it.

Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in ________and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel ______ from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their ______. And if their parents do not like their music or entertainments or clothes or their ways of speech, this will make the young extremely ______.

Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to ______   “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be ______ and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, that you were completely under your parents control.

If you plan to control your life, you’d better ______your parents and try to get them to believe you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the ______ to do what you want to do.