【推荐1】What is a vegan? What is veganism?

Veganism is a type of vegetarian diet that ________ meat, eggs, dairy products and all other animal-derived ingredients. Many vegans also do not eat foods that are ________ using animal products, such as refined white sugar and some wines.

Vegan ________ either a person who follows this way of eating, or the diet itself. That is, the word vegan can be an adjective used to describe a food item, as in, “This curry is vegan”, or, it can be used as a noun, as in,“Vegans like cookies, too.”

Although there is some ________ as to whether certain foods, such as honey, fit into a vegan diet, if you are cooking for other vegans, it is best to be careful and ________ these foods. Most vegans ________ the definition of veganism to go beyond just food and will also avoid the use of all personal and household products tested on animals, and avoid ________ and using all animal-derived non-food products, such as leather, fur and wool.

What do vegans eat?

This is perhaps the most common question about veganism. A vegan diet includes grains, beans, legumes, vegetables and ________ and the nearly infinite number of foods made by combining them.

________, many vegan versions of familiar foods are available, so you can eat vegan hot dogs, ice cream, cheese and vegan mayonnaise along with the more familiar veggie burgers. Many foods are ________ veganism, such as soy milk and tofu, but many non-vegans also enjoy tofu, and you certainly don’t have to like tofu in order to eat vegan.

Vegans also eat many of the same common and ________ every day foods which just about everyone eats. ________, foods such as a vegetarian burrito without cheese or sour cream would be vegan, a vegetarian Thai curry made from coconut milk is vegan, pasta with tomato sauce or another non-meat and non-dairy sauce is vegan, and most breads are vegan.

How can I become vegan?

So you’ve decided to become vegan. But now what? Some people easily go from eating meat to vegan right away, while others struggle with their new ________, or choose to go vegetarian first and then ________ omit eggs and dairy. There's no right or wrong way to do it, but you may want to learn about what's worked for other people. However you do it, keep your ________ in mind and remember why you are choosing to adopt a vegan diet.

【推荐3】In the near 2050, dining at your favourite restaurant is likely to be an altogether different experience.

For your starter, you’ll tuck into a delicious Caesar Salad containing protein-rich mealworms instead of chicken. Next, your Android waiter 2.0 will bring over the mouth-watering main course: a meaty burger that has been_________ in a Petri dish (培养皿), decorated with crisp lettuce freshly picked from an underground farm and juicy tomato that has been_________ to contain extra vitamins. Then, if you still have room for dessert, you’ll be able to choose from a range of sweet treats that have been designed on a computer and_________ directly into the plate.

These_________ dishes may seem disgusting to us now, but in the future, they could help to solve a global food crisis. Over the next 35 years, the world’s population is expected to_________ a new high, meaning an extra two billion hungry mouths to feed. To fulfil this demand, the amount of food we grow will need to increase by 70 percent, but with most of the planet’s farmland already being used, and billions of its inhabitants already_________ this is going to be a major challenge.

Today’s global food industry is already_________ with agriculture responsible for almost a third of all human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. From the nitrous oxide given off by crop fertilizers, to the carbon dioxide generated as the_________ is transported around the world, these gases are trapping heat in the atmosphere and gradually warming the surface. _________ the changing climate makes it difficult to grow more crops, and so scientists will need to__________ more and more to help. By genetically modifying the plants we grow, not only can the more vulnerable species be made able to withstand harsher, inhospitable environments, but the few species that can survive could also be made more__________ to ensure we all get the vitamins and minerals we need.

Although growing fruit and vegetables generates a great deal of greenhouse gas, it is livestock production that is the biggest__________ to global emissions. As demand for meat grows, so does the list of negative consequences for our planet, so something needs to be done very soon. Of course, one simple solution to the problem is to eat less meat, but for a mostly carnivorous (食肉的) global population, this idea is unlikely to catch on. Therefore, __________ alternatives need to be found, and our idea of what we consider to be meat may need to change too.

In fact, even traditional farms as we know them are likely to look completely different in just a few decades time. Gone will be the days of farmers having to drive tractors and milk the cows themselves, as autonomous machines are already starting to__________ the market.

Once these eco-friendly and sustainable foods have been harvested, we might not recognize the products that hit the shelves. __________ packets and tins, your local supermarket will sell ingredients in cartridges (墨盒) that you can load into your 3D printer at home. Then, with a press of a button, you can sit back and relax while the machine builds a delicious dish — layer by layer — that is sure to impress your dinner party guests.

【推荐1】Is growth good for biodiversity? To answer the question, it is _________ to define what we mean by growth. Is growth gross domestic product (GDP), the “monetary value of all the finished goods within a country’s borders?” Or does it mean improving the human _________ of living? Today, when people say growth, they mean GDP, a measure that is over 70 years old. Actually GDP demonstrates negative _________ for biodiversity, as this “growth” measures only money inflows while far more important is the balance sheet, which shows _________ and debts. As biodiversity delivers no cash, it has no place in GDP system, but biodiversity provides the asset side of the balance sheet, such as forests, rivers, wetlands and animals — the _________ goes on.

It is argued that growth is good for biodiversity in the long run as there is an environmental Kuznets curve where _________ conditions get worse in the early stages of modern economic growth, but improve once a growth level has been reached. According to some people, once GDP has been high, more resources are to _________ in conservation, and new technologies are used to protect nature. They said people would have more interest in protecting the environment, and some of the forests started to return and many _________ were almost eliminated. Standing in America today it might appear that the environmental Kuznets curve works.

At first sight there appears to be a _________. Today the US GDP is increasing while many precious species populations are also recovering. Such conditions, according to some people, can be explained by greater efficiency in cars or more efficient agricultural production. But __________, the majority of the negative impacts have simply been exported. The high-polluting industries have been outsourced to developing nations. __________, the bitterest punishments are largely felt beyond the borders while we Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfish biodiversity at the same time. This can be seen in the WWF annual Report, where species population __________ are increasing by 7% in high-income countries and declining in middle- and low-income countries by 31% and 60% __________.

It is self-evident that growth, as currently __________, has a major negative impact upon biodiversity. What needs to change is the definition of growth from a GDP-essential concept to a balance-sheet __________. Organizations and world community should work on creating new vision or reform that will help ensure a real balance between an improving standard of human life and a thriving biodiverse landscape.

【推荐1】American parents usually think that their child should not have more pocket money than the children with whom he regularly connects even if they are wealthier. But neither are children expected to_______with the richer if a large family, heavy responsibilities, or other conditions make it_______to give a child less spending money than is customary in the neighborhood.

Whatever the pocket money is, its entire use is not controlled by the_______, because a child learns to use money correctly only through_______the pocket money himself. If a seven-year-old child gets a quarter as a week pocket money and is made to put it all in his piggy bank to save it up, he gets no idea what the_______use for the money is. He gets the shiny coins and they soon_______.

The idea of a bank account is too early for so_______a child, although he can be made to understand and_______ saving his coins—not all of them, only a part of what he receives—to buy something he especially wants. By the time he is eight, when he is old enough to take part in the opening of his own saving account, parents may take him to the bank, open a saving account for him, and_______him to put a certain quantity of any checks that he receives as________into the bank and watch his bank savings________as entry by entry is made.

He will be saving, earning, and spending________quantities all along in order to learn how to________money and to keep him in a favorable position with his friends. The boy who can't join his fellows in sweet shops________he has to save every cent he gets or earns for some big unknown project his parents have been chosen for him, is a ________child.

【推荐2】What is a vegan? What is veganism?

Veganism is a type of vegetarian diet that ________ meat, eggs, dairy products and all other animal-derived ingredients. Many vegans also do not eat foods that are ________ using animal products, such as refined white sugar and some wines.

Vegan ________ either a person who follows this way of eating, or the diet itself. That is, the word vegan can be an adjective used to describe a food item, as in, “This curry is vegan”, or, it can be used as a noun, as in,“Vegans like cookies, too.”

Although there is some ________ as to whether certain foods, such as honey, fit into a vegan diet, if you are cooking for other vegans, it is best to be careful and ________ these foods. Most vegans ________ the definition of veganism to go beyond just food and will also avoid the use of all personal and household products tested on animals, and avoid ________ and using all animal-derived non-food products, such as leather, fur and wool.

What do vegans eat?

This is perhaps the most common question about veganism. A vegan diet includes grains, beans, legumes, vegetables and ________ and the nearly infinite number of foods made by combining them.

________, many vegan versions of familiar foods are available, so you can eat vegan hot dogs, ice cream, cheese and vegan mayonnaise along with the more familiar veggie burgers. Many foods are ________ veganism, such as soy milk and tofu, but many non-vegans also enjoy tofu, and you certainly don’t have to like tofu in order to eat vegan.

Vegans also eat many of the same common and ________ every day foods which just about everyone eats. ________, foods such as a vegetarian burrito without cheese or sour cream would be vegan, a vegetarian Thai curry made from coconut milk is vegan, pasta with tomato sauce or another non-meat and non-dairy sauce is vegan, and most breads are vegan.

How can I become vegan?

So you’ve decided to become vegan. But now what? Some people easily go from eating meat to vegan right away, while others struggle with their new ________, or choose to go vegetarian first and then ________ omit eggs and dairy. There's no right or wrong way to do it, but you may want to learn about what's worked for other people. However you do it, keep your ________ in mind and remember why you are choosing to adopt a vegan diet.