【推荐2】Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take friendship for granted, we often don’t clearly understand how to make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few — for example, the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationships, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interests vary greatly. As we get to know people, we take into account things like age, race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of great importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.

Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, the same opinions and interests — they often talk about “being on the same wavelength”. It generally takes time to reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they depend on one another. People who want to be friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to stand differences.

In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond, which can overcome differences in background, and break down barriers of age, class or race.

1. According to the passage, .

A．friends are those who must share their interests

B．friends are closer than people who just get on with each other

C．all the people know how to make friends

D．every student has six friends

2. We can learn from the passage that .

A．there are no special ceremonies to strengthen friendship

B．friendship can overcome all differences between two people

C．standing differences in opinion can lead to friendship

D．friendship can be strengthened by smiles and soft voices

3. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?

A．Even friends may have different opinions.

B．Someone’s habits may annoy his friends.

C．It generally takes time for people to become close friends.

D．Friends never argue with each other.

4. When people talk about “being on the same wavelength”, they mean that they .

A．have the same background	B．watch the same TV programs
C．are the same in all ways	D．share the same way of thinking and the same interests

【推荐3】It is important to learn how to protect our environment. Here is a 5R rule for us:

Reduce: If you want to reduce the waste, you should use things wisely. A large number of trees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses paper wastefully, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don’t know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the waste.

Reuse: You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them away. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor. In a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.

Recycle: Bottles, cans and paper cups can be easily recycled. By doing so, we can save lots of money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed (粉碎) and melted and the metal things are made for new coke cans.

Recover: When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten ones, you have two choices: one is to throw the whole apple away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and eat the good parts.

Repair: If one of the legs of your table is broken, you can repair it. If you want to change for better ones, it is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after repairing them. It is true that North America is a “throw away” society, but the time has come to change our way of life so that we can protect our environment. Every one of us should try our best.

1. The “Reduce” rule mainly require us ________.

A．to use things wisely	B．to cut down many trees
C．to use a lot of paper	D．to throw away our old clothes

2. You can do with your unwanted clothes by ________.

A．throwing them away

B．giving them to the poor

C．passing them on to younger brothers or sisters

D．both B and C

3. The right order of recycling coke cans is ________.
①melt them   ②collect the used cans
③smash them flat   ④send them to a factory

A．①②③④

B．①④③②

C．②④③①

D．③①②④

4. The “Recover” rule mainly requires us ________.

A．to cover waste things with earth	B．to throw the whole things away
C．to throw waste things away	D．to get back the useful parts

5. The best way to do with your broken tables is ________.

A．selling them	B．putting them away
C．repairing them	D．throwing them away

【推荐1】Barbara McCintock was one of the most import scientists   of the twentieth century．She made important discoveries about genes（基因） and chromosomes （染色体）．

Barbara McClintock was born in 1902 in Hartford，Connecticut．Her family moved to Brooklyn area of new York City in 1908．Barbara was an active child with interests in sports and music． She also developed an interest in science．

She studied science at Cornell University in Ithaca， New York． Barbara was among a small number of undergraduate students to receive training in genetics in 1921． Years later， she noted that few college students wanted to study genetics．

Barbara McClintock decided to study botany， the scientific study of plants， at Cornell University． She completed her undergraduate studies in 1923． McClintock decided to continue her education at Cornell． She completed a master‘s degree in 1925． Two years later， she finished all her requirements for a doctorate degree．

McCintock stayed at Cornell after she completed her education． She taught students botany． The 1930s were not a good time to be a young scientist in the United States． The country was in the middle of the great economic Depression． Millions of Americans were unemployed． Male scientists were offered jobs． But female geneticists were not much in demand．

An old friend from Cornell， Marcus Rhoades， invited McClintock to spend the summer of 1941working at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory． It is a research center on Long Island， near New York City． McClintock started in a temporary （临时的） job with the genetics department． A short time later， she accepted a permanent （永久的） position with the laboratory． This gave her the freedom to continue her research without having to teach or repeatedly ask for financial aid．

By the 1970s， her discoveries had had an effect on everything from genetic engineering to cancer research． McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for her discovery of the ability of genes to change positions on chromosomes． She was the first American woman to win an unshared Nobel Prize．

1. When did McClintock receive a doctorate degree？

A．In 1921．

B．In 1923．

C．In 1925．

D．In 1927．

2. During the great economic Depression in the US，     ．

A．young scientists had trouble finding a job

B．female geneticists were not wanted at all

C．male geneticists were in great demand

D．male scientists were out of job

3. McClintock was awarded a Nobel Prize because of     ．

A．her research in botany

B．her contribution to genetic engineering

C．her discoveries about genes and chromosomes

D．her unshared work in the laboratory

4. The text is likely to appear in

A．a biography

B．a history paper

C．a newspaper

D．a philosophy textbook