President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to a very important truth today — that business organizations have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions still possess this great prestige?
One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the idea of competition than other organizations in society. Since competition is seen as the main source of progress and development by most Americans, competitive business organizations are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values, such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.
Competition protects the individual freedom by making sure that there is no monopoly (垄断) of power. Compared with one and all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for benefit. If one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to the competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Since there are many businesses competing for the customers’ dollars, they cannot afford to treat them unfairly and the customers would lose nothing.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it gives more support for freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people while business leaders are not. Many Americans believe that competition is as important, or even more important, as democracy in protecting freedom.
Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equal opportunities. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to any person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American choice of the higher social position which is not based on one’s family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equal opportunities.
1. Which of the following is discussed as the main topic in the passage?A.Competition in America’s business. | B.Freedom in America’s business. |
C.Americans’ different values. | D.Business against government. |
A.when given equal opportunities |
B.through doing business |
C.by protecting their individual freedom |
D.by means of competition |
A.Businessmen who compete. |
B.Customers of those businesses. |
C.People with the idea of equality and freedom. |
D.Both business organizations and government. |
A.business in other countries are not as competitive as those in the USA |
B.business problems are very important to the American government |
C.the competition in business plays a very important role in America |
D.American business is the most powerful one in the whole world |
相似题推荐
But you may be misguided because things don't turn out for the best. You may believe that when one door closes another one opens (for example, you may fail to obtain a new job; another chance will come around soon ). Wrong. When one door closes, another door slams ( 砰然关上 ) in your face. That’s bitter reality.
Now a book has been published which confirms what pessimists (悲观者) have suspected all along. It’s called The Positive Power of Defensive Pessimism. Its author argues that defensive pessimism can lead to positive results. Defensive pessimism is a strategy used to manage fear, anxiety and worry. Defensive pessimists prepare for the things by setting low outcomes for themselves. They carefully consider everything that may go wrong and plan for ways to handle these problems. And this gives them a sense of control. Lawrence Sanno, a psychology professor, says, “What's interesting about defensive pessimists is that they tend to be very successful people, so their low opinion of the situation's outcomes is not realistic. They use it to motivate themselves to perform better.”
So far, so good.
And “Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.” To have a confident and optimistic approach to life’s problems is good. But listen to what Woody Alien, the American comedian says ,” Confidence is what you have before you understand the problem.”
There are pros and cons to being an optimist and a pessimist. Don’t feel bad if you see the glass half empty. You are a realist. But lighten up and hook up with someone who sees the same glass half full.
1. What’s the passage mainly about?
A.The benefits of defensive pessimism. |
B.How to become successful in life |
C.The dangers of being too optimistic. |
D.A book that has recently been published. |
A.it’s not a dangerous thing to do |
B.there is no real proof |
C.the cost is not so high |
D.it is quite simple to understand |
A.Whatever will be, will be. |
B.The glass is half full not half empty. |
C.Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. |
D.Every cloud has a silver lining. |
A.an optimist | B.a realist |
C.a defeatist | D.a scientist |
【推荐2】At Ynez Library, we are champions of curiosity. At its core, our mission for nearly four centuries has been to advance the learning, research, and pursuit of truth. Our efforts are motivated and powered by working collaboratively, embracing diverse perspectives, championing access, aiming for the extraordinary, and always leading with curiosity.
There are plenty of opportunities for visitors to experience our collections. Ynez ID holders may bring up to four guests into the library. For more details, click on the following icons (图标).
Visitors Interested in using our libraries, but are not a Ynez student, faculty, alum, or staff? You’re in the right place. | Exhibits Library exhibits tell the unique stories of our diverse and deep collections. Many are open to the public. | Tours Browse upcoming library tours. Some tours are open to the public; others are open to Ynez ID Holders and their guests. | Events Many library events are open to the public, including academic meetings, forums, lectures, etc. Check Admittance information first. |
SPECIAL COLLECTIONS
Many of our libraries are home to rare and unique materials, which are available to all researchers.
• Our special collections are open to all without a fee, by appointment.
• Please contact the holding library to learn more about accessing their special collection items in person.
• Different libraries have different holdings, so you may want to start by using our search tools to find materials relevant to your research.
1. What does Ynez Library highlight in the first paragraph?A.Its new changes. | B.Its main values. |
C.Its best achievements. | D.Its working principles. |
A.Visitors. | B.Exhibits. | C.Tours. | D.Events. |
A.By paying a special fee. | B.By visiting main libraries. |
C.By locating them online. | D.By appointing a librarian. |
【推荐3】Visit Museums Online
Some of the best museums across China are putting their exhibitions online in VR format for free. While stuck at home due to the COVID-19 outbreak, why not take an online tour at museums that you would not otherwise have time for?
The Palace Museum
The Palace Museum is known as the Forbidden City. Visitors can browse (浏览) all the buildings of the Palace Museums. More than 400,000 imperial artifacts have been digitized online, which can definitely help you gain knowledge and immerse yourself in a cultural atmosphere.
The websites: https://paQO.dpm.org.cn/gugong_app_pc/index.html
https://www.dpm.org.cn/shuziduobaoge/html
Shanghai Museum
Shanghai Museum is a large and famous museum, which collects over 120,000 precious artistic relics from more than 5,000 years ago to the Qing Dynasty. The marvelous bronze, ceramics, paintings and calligraphy offer a visual feast for the eyes, and also provide a good chance for people to learn the profound Chinese history and culture.
If you are into ancient Chinese arts and crafts, then the online Shanghai Museum is definitely worth your time.
The website: https://www.shanghaimuseum.net/treasure/show/show
Mogao Caves
The Mogao Caves, also known as Thousand Buddha Grottoes, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located near Dunhuang in northwest China’s Gansu Province.
Now visitors can directly browse dozens of classic caves and enjoy the murals (壁画) by cave rooms through the “Digital Dunhuang”, the website of the Mogao Caves. The development of “Digital Dunhuang” not only amazes visitors in a visual sense but also “moves” the Mogao Grottoes outside.
The website: https://www.e-dunhuang.com/index.html
1. The people interested in ancient Chinese arts and crafts should visit________.A.https://www.e-dunhuang.com/mdex.html |
B.https://www.dpm.org.cn/shuziduobaoge/html |
C.https://pano.dpm.org.cn/gugong_app_ pc/index.htm |
D.https://www.shanghaimuseum.net/treasure/show/show |
A.Precious imperial artifacts. | B.Classic caves and the murals. |
C.Ancient people living in the caves. | D.All the artistic relics of Dunhuang. |
A.To guide what to do at weekends. | B.To recommend an online tour. |
C.To ask people to stay at home. | D.To invite visitors to real scenic spots. |
【推荐1】Men aren’t typically known for their shopping power. As the “She economy” became a buzz phrase in business magazines, the ever-expanding Chinese female middle class has been eagerly pursued by consumer brands from cosmetics to electronics. For some companies, that means there is a huge missed opportunity in the male market, especially given the fast-rising living standards across the most populous country on the earth and a male population that’s increasingly longing for a better quality of life.
Those instincts appear to be largely on point, according to the latest report on male consumption trends conducted by Suning Institute of Finance. The author of the report, the institute’s Senior Researcher Fu Yifu, concluded the male-oriented (男性导向的) market in China has great potential after observing three specific shopping habits of Chinese men in recent years: widened category, improved awareness and increased online consumption.
These trends are particularly noticeable in the country’s tech-adapted Millennial and Gen-Z populations, who have warmly embraced some special-interest consumer culture in other parts of the world through the Internet, such as the sneakerhead subculture, as a way to express their individuality. More importantly, many are willing to spend a fortune on it.
Also, nowadays, many Chinese men are definitely looking to lead more refined lives. The desire for “refined lives” has been channeled strongly through the pursuance of a more polished look-lighter skin, longer eyelashes and bigger eyes. These features are widely considered to be desirable traits for modern Chinese men.
JACB, which stands for “just a cool brand”, is one of the Chinese start-ups looking to capitalize on men’s increasing desire for a finer appearance. While most male cosmetic products today still focus on fixing skin problems such as acne (粉刺), JACB is pioneering the “men makeup” category with products such as BB cream for men. And the company mainly targets men in their 20s and early 30s, as they are more accepting of the new trends.
“The individual’s awakening in consumption has helped drive the men-oriented market to new heights that we are seeing today,” Fu said. “Chinese men have learned to buy skincare products, expensive suits, watches and luxury cars as a way to show their personal abilities.”
1. What may have given chance to the male market?A.Men desire to have a better quality of life. | B.Men spend more time on consumption. |
C.Men expect to raise their living standards. | D.Men pursue some consumer brands. |
A.They are addicted to the Internet. | B.They are eager to spend a fortune. |
C.They are reluctant to express themselves. | D.They are keen on some consumer culture. |
A.Educated. | B.Precise. | C.Elegant. | D.Polite. |
A.The awakening of individual consumption. | B.The rise of male-oriented economy. |
C.The potential of special-interest culture. | D.The desire for a finer appearance. |
【推荐2】Would you believe it, Bangladesh is the happiest nation in the world! The United States, on the other hand, is a sad story: it ranks only 46th in the World Happiness Survey. That's far behind India, the fifth happiest place in the world, and others including Ghana and Latvia, Croatia and Estonia.
The research was led by London School of Economics professors into the link between personal spending power and the quality of life. It has proved that money can buy everything but happiness. The study revealed that people in Bangladesh, one of the poorest countries in the world, act far more happiness from their small incomes than, for example, the British (32nd on the list) do from their relatively large bank balances. In fact, people in most rich countries are much unhappier than poorer people in countries like the Domini can Republic and Armenia.
Most unfortunate, however, are Russians and people in some other parts of the former Soviet Union. They are neither rich nor happy, indicates the World Happiness Survey.
The study shows that although the British have twice as much money to spend in real terms compared with 40 years ago, their quality of life has not improved. Earlier surveys showed that many Britons thought money could bring happiness. The new study shows that such a link still exists in poor countries because a small increase in income can mean large improvements in lifestyle.
The researchers have concluded that although Britons are rich compared with most other countries, many suffer from an emotional poverty caused by consumerism (消费主义) and the breakdown of family life. “We are being seduced by a huge economic power and our personal needs are not being met,” said nip Marks, a social sciences researcher at survey University who also worked on the report.
1. How is the second paragraph organized?A.By giving reasons. | B.By making a comparison. |
C.By giving numbers. | D.By following the time order. |
A.attracted | B.reduced | C.contracted | D.Prohibited |
A.Favorable. | B.Doubtful. | C.Objective. | D.Unclear. |
A.Some effective ways to act happiness. | B.Results from the World Happiness Survey. |
C.The belief that money could bring happiness. | D.Introduction of the happiest nation in the world. |
【推荐3】LANZHOU-When an international olive oil competition announced its winners in Greece in late June, excitement spread across the village of Daoqi in Northwest China.
“The award-winning olive oil was made from our fruit,” said Ru Ciming, 50, an olive planter from the village under the city of Longnan, Gansu province. The variety of olive trees in Ru’s orchard (果园) was introduced from Spain. In the eyes of locals, the foreign trees have not only pulled the city, once among the least-developed regions in China, out of poverty, but they have also brought them international fame.
Olives originated in the Mediterranean (地中海地区) and their oil, often called liquid gold, is used widely in food, cosmetics and medicine. In the 1960s, the Albanian government gifted China more than 10,000 olive saplings (树苗), which were then planted in many parts of the country on nationwide trials. Longnan began to plant olive trees in the early 1970s and experts concluded that the region was ideal for the resettlement of the olive trees due to its climate and soil condition. After years of experiments and promotion, it is now the largest olive cultivation (栽培) base in China.
In recent years, the local olive oil industry has continued to expand as Longnan has improved cooperation with Mediterranean countries that have a long history of olive planting, including Italy, Greece and Spain. The improved cooperation aims to introduce better varieties and initiate technical exchanges.
Pedro J. Rodriguez Sanchez, a Spanish olive seedling expert, was one of the early contributors to olive exchanges. He arrived in Longnan in 2009, when only half of the local olive tree seedlings had survived. His technical guidance helped raise the survival rate to over 90 percent.
Zhao Haiyun, an official in charge of promoting the olive industry in Longnan’s Wudu District, said that many more European experts have arrived since Sanchez. They have visited orchards to offer guidance to farmers, and helped companies improve their processing and storage procedures.
They have helped the district, as well as the city of Longnan, to jump on the bandwagon of China’s rising demand for high-quality olive oil, especially among well-off urban families, said Zhao.
1. What can we learn from the third paragraph?A.Olive oil is named liquid gold and has many uses. |
B.The Albanian government sold some olive saplings to China. |
C.Longnan has a history of about 30 years of planting olive trees. |
D.Longnan is fit for the growth of olive trees due to its rich water resources. |
A.Italy. | B.Albania. | C.Spain. | D.Greece. |
A.Policy. | B.Habit. | C.Fashion. | D.Model. |
A.Olives link Northwest China with world |
B.Oliver trees pull Longnan out of poverty |
C.Longnan is largest olive cultivation base in China |
D.Longnan improves cooperation with Mediterranean countries |