A small team of researchers has found that battery-powered trains could become economical as soon as 2023. The group argues that improved battery technology and cheap, renewable energy could soon allow battery power to compete with common fuel to power trains.
Most of the goods trains in the U. S. run on common fuel, spewing about 0.6 percent of total U. S. carbon emissions. In this new effort, the researchers suggest that switching to battery power could prevent these emissions.
Electric trains in the U. S. get their power from overhead lines — a system that is expensive and inefficient. The team suggests that batteries could provide a better option; more specifically, they claim that a single locomotive equipped with a 14-megawatt battery system would be enough to replace a train powered by a common fuel engine. They further claim that such a locomotive could carry a train about 240 kilometers on a single charge. This would consume half the energy of a common-powered train. And if the battery is charged using a renewable resource, it would reduce the carbon footprint of an electric train to zero.
Most current common fuel locomotives actually run-on electricity — the common fuel is used to power onboard generators. Thus, all that would be needed for most locomotives would be to replace the generators and add a boxcar just behind the locomotive to carry a large battery. Adding more boxcars with batteries would increase the range of the train. The batteries could be charged at designated stops, provided fast-chargers for such large batteries are developed.
As an alternative, battery-carrying boxcars could be changed for fresh ones at designated stops, greatly reducing wait times. The researchers believe that at least for the near future, operating costs would be somewhat higher for battery-powered trains, but they suggest the environmental improvements would make it worth it.
1. What is the probable meaning of the underlined word “spewing” in paragraph 2?A.Taking in. | B.Giving off. | C.Cutting down. | D.Consisting of. |
A.Their advantages. | B.Their working process. |
C.Their travel distance. | D.Their carbon footprint. |
A.There are no fast-chargers at present. | B.They are powered by overhead lines. |
C.The locomotives will be carried by a boxcar. | D.They are environmentally friendly and economical. |
A.For reducing costs. | B.For environmental benefits. |
C.For higher economic efficiency. | D.For the convenience of passengers. |
相似题推荐
【推荐1】For millions of people sitting in a traffic jam or standing on a crowded train, the daily commute (通勤) probably isn’t the best part of their day. But cars and trains aren’t the only travel options.
Electric Vehicles
For those who have a short commute, you could consider getting an electric bike or scooter. An electric scooter has the advantage of being highly portable (轻便的): small and light enough to carry to your office. You’ll just need to check if they are allowed to be used in your area.
Take RYNO for example. It’s a single-wheel electric scooter, whose highest speed is about that of a bicycle. And like other electric vehicles, it can be charged anywhere.
WalkCar
If you want transportation for short distances, the WalkCar might be perfect for you.
The WalkCar looks like a laptop and only weighs three kilograms. It’s also incredibly easy to use — stand on it and it will start to move; move your weight to one side and it will change direction. The WalkCar will take you at a speed of up to 10 kilometers per hour and can travel 12 kilometers on one charge.
Jetpacks
Weighing around 200 kilograms, jetpacks aren’t exactly portable, but they’re sure to have a lot of fun and attract a lot of attention. Running on petrol, the jet engines allow the user to lift off the ground and fly in the air.
The world’s first jetpack is the Martin Jetpack. Once you’ve attached this tiny personal jet plane onto your back, you’ll be able to travel up to 50 kilometers at a height of 1,000 meters. With a price tag of about $150,000, this is probably the most expensive option, but it will almost certainly be the coolest!
1. What do Electric Vehicles and WalkCar have in common?① being portable. ② being rechargeable.
③ being widely used. ④ being suitable for short distances.
A.①②③ | B.①②④ | C.①③④ | D.②③④ |
A.The price. | B.The appearance. |
C.The weight. | D.The flight performance. |
A.Lifestyle. | B.Travel. | C.Entertainment. | D.Transport. |
【推荐2】The Most Bicycle Friendly Countries Around the World
Denmark
Cycling is a hugely popular means of transport and a way to see the country in Denmark. In fact, across the country you’ll find huge networks of cycle paths where no motorized vehicles (机动车辆)can go, so you can feel safe while riding your bike. Because of this cycling has become one of the main tourist attractions and activities in Denmark, particularly when it Comes to exploring the beautiful capital city of Copenhagen.
Norway
Because of the popularity of cycling here, you’ll find plenty of bicycle parking and public rentals (出租), so you can simply get a bike and go as you explore the country. Much like Denmark, the dedicated (专用的) bike lanes do not allow for cars or motorised vehicles to enter them.
The Netherlands
In the Netherlands the government prefer bikes to cars and encourage people to travel by bike as much as possible. If you’re a tourist visiting big cities like Amsterdam and Rotterdam, you can easily hire a bike and explore. There are bike lanes (and bikes) everywhere, they even have their own sets of traffic lights. Much like driving, there are strict rules for cycling in the country and these must obey.
Sweden
While it can get very cold there in the winter, cycling is still enjoyed year-round and the country develops a cycling culture that encourages people to use bikes as their primary means of transport. For this reason, there are supportive measures in place and plenty of places to rent a bike from. Many travel Sweden’s beautiful cities on two wheels, Stockholm, in particular, is a great place to explore on a bike.
What’s more, cycling is so big there that they have pump stations for deflated (泄气的) tires and bicycle-only parking. The use of electric bikes is also becoming more popular here.
1. Which city is suitable for a tourist to explore by bike in Denmark?A.Copenhagen. | B.Amsterdam. | C.Rotterdam. | D.Stockholm. |
A.They have set strict rules for cycling. |
B.Their main tourist attraction is cycling. |
C.They allow visitors to rent bikes for free. |
D.They have the dedicated cycle paths or bike lanes. |
A.The use of electric cars. | B.Warm weather in winter. |
C.Pump stations for deflated tires. | D.Free bicycle-only parking places. |
【推荐3】Singapore’s public transport system (公共交通系统) is one of the best in the world, so you should have no problem finding your way around like a local (当地人). There are three main forms of public transport that you would find in any other major city—trains, buses and taxis.
TRAINS
Trains run from 6 a.m. to midnight. Single trip tickets start at 80 cents. If you buy an EZ-Link card for $15, you can ride the trains and buses all you like.
If you need more information, just call Transit Link on 1800 767 4333.
BUSES
There are several bus services in Singapore and fares (车费) start at 80 cents. Be sure to always ask the driver the cost of your ticket as he can not give changes.
If you need help, just call Transit Link on 1800 767 4333.
TAXIS
There are three main taxi companies—City Cab (6552 2222), Comfort (6552 1111) and Tibs (6552 8888). Booking (预订) can also be made easily by calling the numbers listed above.
RENTAL (租) CARS
Driving in Singapore is a pleasure and if you like to travel at your own pace, renting a car is a good choice. Renting takes away the hassle of getting to places around Singapore. Just sit back and enjoy the city. It also means you’ll get to see a lot more that a train or a bus won’t let you see.
For car rental, call Avis on +65 6737 1668.
1. If you need to find the bus number, you may call________.A.+65 6737 1668 | B.6552 8888 |
C.1800 767 4333 | D.6552 2222 |
A.both buses and trains | B.only trains |
C.both buses and taxis | D.only rental cars |
A.take your own license with you | B.ask the driver how much your ticket is |
C.buy the bus map of Singapore | D.book your ticket ahead of time |
A.麻烦 | B.乐趣 | C.景点 | D.费用 |
A.A local has no trouble finding his way around. |
B.It’s much cheaper to go around by bus than by train. |
C.You can see a lot more in Singapore only by renting a car. |
D.It’s very convenient for visitors to travel in Singapore. |
【推荐1】Walking through an airport is never easy. Now imagine doing it if you were blind. That’s the challenge faced by Chieko Asakawa, a computer scientist. Asakawa often flies between the US and Japan. If traveling alone, she has to be helped at both ends of the flight, which sometimes includes endless waiting. In order to search for a better way, Asakawa has invented a high-tech suitcase that helps get her to the destination with no risk and without difficulty.
Packed with cameras and sensors, the suitcase uses artificial intelligence to map the environment around it. A mobile phone app is used to design a computer program of a destination into the suitcase, which plans a route and directs the user through vibrations(震动) in its handle. The suitcase also features facial recognition technology, which can inform the user if a friend is nearby. It can also flag shops and other places of interest nearby and direct the user to them if necessary.
As a keen runner, Asakawa had Olympic dreams as a child, but a swimming accident at age 11 caused her to gradually lose her sight. As an adult she is already thinking about developing accessibility technology. “I never relax when I travel alone,” she says. “I always think about what technology will help me travel more easily, quicker and more comfortably.” It was this restlessness that led to the AI suitcase.
The suitcase has other applications and could be used to help visually impaired people navigate(导航) cities, while its object-recognition technology can be used to identify colors—useful when buying clothes. Perhaps its best benefit is that it allows users to devote mental energy to other things. With AI providing space awareness, a blind person can do many other things: take a call or listen to the birds. Public spaces become places to be enjoyed, not just navigated. “It will open up many doors for blind people, because we’d be able to go anywhere by ourselves,” says Asakawa. The technology will naturally develop, she predicts, as components(组件) become smaller, lighter and more powerful.
Without new technology, we wouldn’t change our society. A smart suitcase is a great showcase for how AI and technology can change the lives of people with visual disabilities.
1. Why did Asaka invent robot suitcase?A.To offer help to the blind. |
B.To make her journey safe and easy. |
C.To avoid endless gates in the airport. |
D.To search for the charm of technology. |
A.A camera |
B.A sensor. |
C.A mobile phone app. |
D.Facial recognition technology. |
A.It can guide ways for users. |
B.It allows users to enjoy their life. |
C.It can help users recognize colors. |
D.It permits users to devote mental energy to other things. |
【推荐2】Baidu, a Chinese search engine and artificial intelligence firm, announced its latest electric autonomous driving vehicle, Apollo RT6, on Thursday. The new vehicle is a fully electric vehicle with a steering wheel (方向盘) that can be removed when not required. It will cost ¥250,000 per unit.
“The steering-wheel-free design allows more space for extra seating or other additions and the massive cost reduction will enable us to put tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles into operation across China,” Robin Li, co-founder and CEO of Baidu, said at the firm's Baidu World Conference Thursday. “We are moving towards a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.”
Baidu already runs Apollo Go and Apollo Moon, taxi services using self-driving robotaxis with safety staff seated in the driver or passenger seat. They have been in operation in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Guangzhou, although the service is limited to specific areas. The new vehicle will soon join those robotaxis.
The RT6 has reached the industry's Level 4 out of five possible levels of technology. That means its systems can operate without a driver but must be pre-loaded with a detailed map, thus limiting the areas where the vehicles can operate. Lower levels of self-driving technology have been available for decades. For example, many Level-3 vehicles allow hands-free highway driving. Other kinds of self-driving robot vehicles are already widely used in factories warehouses and other tightly controlled settings.
Compared to previous generations where the technology was mainly used on conventional vehicles, the Apollo RT6 was designed specifically with fully autonomous driving in mind.
Baidu is best known for its search engine and online advertising services, but in recent years it has invested heavily in autonomous driving and artificial intelligence technology, including automated personal assistants and AI chips.
1. What can we know about Apollo RT6?A.It is free to run in any area. | B.It has to operate with a driver. |
C.It will be cheaper to operate. | D.It can work without a detailed map. |
A.Level 2 | B.Level 3 | C.Level 4 | D.Level 5 |
A.A personal assistant. | B.A company. |
C.A search engine. | D.A fully autonomous car. |
A.An Introduction to Baidu's Latest Vehicle: Apollo RT6 |
B.Baidu's Future Plan for Its Electric Vehicle: Apollo RT6 |
C.Limitations of the Level-4 Self-driving Electric Vehicles |
D.The Great Market Potential for Fully Autonomous Vehicles |
【推荐3】In Australia and other developed countries, consumption (消耗) is viewed as important for economic growth. In recent years, however, concern has grown about the increasing number of people consuming limited resources at a shocking rate. The United States has only about 5 percent of the world's population, yet consumes about 35 percent of the world's energy.
Impressive packaging and storage such as refrigeration is a luxury (奢侈) that consumers in developed countries take for granted (认为理所当然). In many parts of the world where refrigeration is either unavailable or too expensive, fresh food is bought daily from open-air markets.
These markets make little influence on the environment. They do not use energy to store food and because they mostly operate during daylight hours, no electricity is used for lighting. Packaging is mostly unnecessary, and when needed, is often made from biodegradable (可生物降解的) vegetable matter. These markets still exist in many parts of the developed world, but are an alternative (供选择的) form of shopping. Even in developing countries, shops are fast becoming the main places for consumers.
Commercial (商业的) packaging is becoming as much a part of consumption in developing countries as it is in developed countries. Plastic bags, drink cans, and hamburger containers are now thrown into rubbish piles along with banana leaves which are a more traditional form of packaging. In most cases, it all ends up at the local garbage disposal plant and is not recycled.
Many people are starting to notice the influence of consumerism on the environment. It is affecting not only the earth, but also our health. Some scientists think that the greenhouse effect has increased due to the production, use and disposal of many of the products we use.
1. What does the author think of packaging and refrigeration?A.It's quite necessary. |
B.It's a costly process. |
C.It's the progress of society. |
D.It's different from consumerism. |
A.They are not changing. |
B.They can't be seen now. |
C.They are getting less popular. |
D.They are appearing in more places. |
A.Drink cans. | B.Plastic bags. |
C.Banana leaves. | D.Hamburger containers. |
A.Different Ways of Packaging |
B.Technology vs. the Environment |
C.Markets in Developing Countries |
D.Consumption vs. Economic Growth |
【推荐1】Mother Nature never fails to surprise us with something extraordinary and unusual from time to time. There will always be news about something completely different that will surely grab eyeballs.
Blood Falls (Antarctica)
As the name suggests, Blood Falls is a waterfall which shoots blood-red water into a river. The sight is a perfect backdrop for a horror film; mysterious and of course bloody. Previously, red algae (红藻) were believed to cause the water to change its colour and turn blood-red. Until 2017, the true origin of the so-called blood was revealed to be oxidized iron in saltwater.
Frozen Bubbles (Canada)
Impressive yet a dangerous sight, frozen bubbles (气泡) can be seen in winters at Abraham Lake in Canada. The phenomenon occurs when methane (甲烷) gas gets trapped underwater, freezes, and forms other-worldly visuals. Such a large amount of methane trapped is highly risky. So even a lit match nearby can cause a giant explosion.
Hidden Beach (Mexico)
Located only a few miles off Mexico’s coast, the hidden beach was caused by an explosion by the Mexican Government as part of target practice. The beach is now every lover’s dream destination. To get there, you must ride an hour-long boat. Once you land on the island, you have to travel through the waters to reach there.
Sky Mirror (Malaysia)
During the new moon and full moon periods, tourist can see a clear reflection of the sky in the waters of Sasaran Beach. This natural phenomenon occurs because the tides are the lowest during these days. The smooth sand and minimal water level create such an incredible sight. Also known as the “Mirror of the Sky”, this shallow water beach is an amazing place to click pictures and thus a perfect travel destination.
1. Why is the water shot by Blood Falls blood-red?A.Saltwater there contains oxidized iron. |
B.The waterfall has supernatural powers. |
C.Red algae causes the water to change its color. |
D.A film factory reddened the water for a horror scene. |
A.Admiring Blood Falls. | B.Exploring Frozen Bubbles. |
C.Boating along Hidden Beach. | D.Taking pictures against Sky Mirror. |
A.They can be accessible only by water. |
B.They attract millions of tourists across the world. |
C.The causes of their formation have been revealed. |
D.Tourists may enjoy a better travelling experience in winter. |
【推荐2】When I was 16years old and in foster care (非亲代养)in Tennessee,people told me I was unadoptable.But I desperately wanted a family.I sought the help of a judge,even the commissioner of the Department of Children's Services and was adopted just a week before my 18th birthday.
We have a lot to be grateful for and this holiday season .Let's not forget about the more than 415000 youth in foster care especially older youth.These youth are the most likely to get overlooked for adoption but they shouldn't be.They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do.Making an older youth a part of your family can bring just as much a joy as adopting a baby or a younger child-without all the diapers and potty training.
My adoption was life changing and probably the best thing that ever happened to me.I still remember the first gift my parents gave to me.It was a Mickey Mouse key chain with a key to their home.They told me that no matter what happened they would always love me and I'd always have a place to come home to.This is our 17th Thanksgiving together…
My first Thanksgiving with my family was a little overwhelming with lots of extended family including grandparents,aunts,uncles,and cousins.However,it's when I realized that I would never have to spend another holiday alone and that was truly an amazing feeling.
I was always eager to spend time with my little sister,Beth.She was six when I joined the family.My dad always says he knew we were really sisters,and I was no longer a guest in the house when Beth and I had our first fight.Today,she's one of my best friends,and I'm her biggest cheerleader.
There were also bittersweet Thanksgivings.One we spent in my mom's hospital room.It was there that she helped me plan my wedding but passed away three weeks before the ceremony,My dad walked me down the aisle,and my sister was my maid of hono,Because of our bond we were able to support each other through that challenging time and that's what family is for-the good and bad times.
It's nice having my dad and sister to share holidays and special occasions.But they're even more important when it comes to the little things like having someone to share my bad day with,celebrate my promotion at work,or help me think through a difficult decision.It's in these moments that I just can't imagine being alone in the world.
I'm so glad that I didn't listen to those people who said I was unadoptable,I'd never find a family,and that I was putting myself out there for rejection.It's a risk for older foster youth to consider adoption.It's an opportunity to be rejected once again. But it's a risk they should take because life doesn't end at 18.It's really just beginning.
If you know someone who might consider adopting an older teen,please share my story--and have him or her think of my family.They didn't get to see my first steps or watch me be a pilgrim in my second grade Thanksgiving play.But they taught me so many things about life and were there to watch me walk across the stage when I graduated from college and law school and accompanied me to the White House last year as I was honored for my work helping foster youth.
I look forward to many more Thanksgivings with my family and I'm eternally thankful they chose me to be a part of their family.
1. What does the author's personal experience indicate?A.It's rather difficult for older youth to be adopted. |
B.Older youth bring less joy than babies. |
C.It's boring having a bittersweet Thanksgiving. |
D.An older youth aged 18is too old to need a family. |
A.The family's giving the author a Mickey Mouse as a gift. |
B.The author's spending her Thanksgiving with her extended family for 17years. |
C.The mother's failing to attend the author's wedding ceremony for her severe disease. |
D.The family's always sharing happiness and sorrow with her. |
A.older teens take the opportunity to be adopted |
B.older teens are less likely to be adopted |
C.older teens create the opportunity to be adopted |
D.older teens are in danger of being adopted |
A.To express her appreciation for her family. |
B.To show sympathy to the unadoptable older youth. |
C.To appeal to more people to adopt the older youth. |
D.To persuade the readers not to believe others’ words. |
【推荐3】Shaping, drying, glazing and firing... in less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics (微型陶瓷) studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his works would surprise viewers in China, let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on a video application.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital (瓷都)” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different—making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery. Even my wife did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation, Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain—a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest works he could get were about 2 millimeters in size. “It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,” said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1 millimeter thick. Wang says he plans to apply for the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
1. What inspired Wang Wenhua to make micro porcelain?A.The high expectations of the viewers. |
B.The popularity of his videos on a video application. |
C.His decision to make something different. |
D.The responsibility of the founder of the studio. |
A.Ambitious and wise. | B.Brilliant and wealthy. |
C.Talented and stubborn. | D.Determined and focused. |
A.Using a microscope in his work. | B.Advanced tools made by himself. |
C.Carrying out numerous experiments. | D.Attention on a thing and steady hands. |
A.Art. | B.Fashion. | C.Education. | D.Psychology. |